Ivan Red. Iminyaka Ivan II Red

Ivan Red, Ivan okanye 2, ongomnye uhlobo lwe Grand Neendwalutho. Wazalwa eMoscow ngoMatshi 30, 1326. Yena unyana wesibini ka-Ivan Kalita 1 no Princess Elena - umfazi wokuqala kakumkani. isiqhulo yakhe Red Ivan, ngokutsho kwezinye yemihla, ngenxa yobuhle bayo kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, ngokuba wokuzalwa yakhe ngomhla Quasimodo ngcwele, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba endulini oluBomvu.

Unelungelo lokulawula

Ngowe-1340, wafa uIvan Kalita 1, kodwa unyaka phambi kokufa kwakhe, yena, kunye noonyana abadala uSimon Ivan, waya Khan of anayo. Ukumkani wayefuna ukufumana umbhalo wokuqala ukuba aqeqeshe kwikhaya eMoscow, kuba ngeli xesha evuselela yaseTver ulawulo, intloko yayo iye yabekwa ngumlawuli onamandla Alexander. Kwakhona kufuneka akhuphisane unyana omdala Ivana Kality, kwaye kananjalo bathi babe igunya elongamileyo. Ngenxa yoko, uSimeyon wafumana ileyibhile ubukumkani omkhulu emva kokufa kukayise wakhe waqalisa ukulawula urhulumente.

Zvenigorod Prince

Unyana wesibini ka-Ivan Kalita, Ivan Red, ngokokuthanda kayise, bafumana ulawulo lweedolophu 23 nemizana, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo Ruza kunye Zvenigorod. Ukongeza, ulawulo yayo kwakhona kwisithathu eMoscow, bamkelwa co-ubunini abazalwana abathathu. Ngenxa yoko, Ivan Red wafumana isihloko Prince of Zvenigorod.

Xa kokufa kukayise, wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala. Ngaloo mihla kubhekwe phantse umntu omdala. Nditsho ke, umthetheli oselula angabonwa njengento inkqubo ezimeleyo. Ivan usoloko wahlala emthunzini yemisebenzi umntakwabo uSimon abanekratshi yaye akukho netalente ekhethekileyo anayo.

Umzekelo iphawulekayo yale ngxelo kukuba ilandelayo. Ngowe-1348, loo mmandla welizwe Novgorod ngesiquphe ahlasela ukumkani Swedish Magnus 2 kunye nomkhosi wakhe. USimon lo ezinekratshi kuthunyelwa uncedo kubamelwane babo umzalwana Ivan, kodwa wayesoyika uxabana utshaba umkhosi, waya wabuyela eMoscow. Ngexesha i balwa likwazile ukufaka nut nqaba aze asithimbe izidwangube elinesibini. Ngenxa yoko, Novgorod kwafuneka banyamezele utshaba lwakhe, kwaye Ivan Red akazange Ndandithandana uzuko zomkhosi ngokwakhe.

Grand Duke

Ngowe-1353 e Moscow, ubhubhane isibetho ukuba ibango a lot of ubomi. Angawaconganga kuyo noSimon usapho Ziqhenye. Emva kokufa kwakhe, lo umninawa ka-Ivan i-Red ngesiquphe wazifumana fumene isihloko eGrand Duke. Yena neze bakulungele oko, kuba akazange akwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo.

Hlokondiba ngeli xesha le meko wayengazange angenelele. Ngelo xesha, wafa nje Khan Uzbek, ngoko Nabaphathi natshintsha ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba engazihlambanga ixesha okanye amandla ukungena kwishishini oozilawuli Russian. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba bambalwa wayefuna ukubona Ivan abe ngumlawuli wabo. izikhulu ezithile njalo nomdla ukuthintela amandla Ivan 2. Nakuba kunjalo, zonke namaqhinga zabo zibe yimpumelelo.

Ithuba

Ivan Red 2 ahlale ngamandla emi-6 kuphela ubudala. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, kwaba ummeli okutshatyalaliswa zonke iinkosana sodidi Kalitichey wakha ahlala kwetrone. Kungenzeka, Ivan 2 kwaye wayesazi ukuba kwakufuneka enze isigqibo kwaye siqhube-nkqubo landela nguyise wakhe kunye nomntakwabo omdala, kodwa akaba nako ukwenza nantoni na.

Ubuthathaka Grand Duke omtsha wabonakala kwangoko. Uqale ukuhlaselwa ezininzi elizweni layo. bakwazi ukufaka Lopasnya Prince Ryazanskiy ilahlwe phakathi eMoscow Serpukhov. Lithuanians, ke, wakhokela amajoni ukuba Mozhaisk waza wabeka bakhe Kiev Metropolitan. Novgorod kule nyambalala waqalisa ukuba nomdla okanye nxamnye Ivan 2 kunye nendawo yakhe prochit uTimoti - Suzdal Prince Constantine. Kwaye ukuba phezulu kwayo konke, amaqhawe ingxabano lwangaphakathi kwaqala eMoscow ngokwayo, yaye kwabakho umlilo.

Zonke ezi meko ayikwazanga nangayiphi na indlela igalelo ekomelezeni amandla Ivan 2. Kungenzeka, akayi kuba nako ukuqhuba izintso amandla ezandleni zabo, njengoko buthathaka ngaloo mihla yayinqabile, ukuba hayi izinto ezimbini. Okokuqala - inkxaso ukuba izinduna Moscow, abangazange bafune ukunikezela amalungelo abo, okwesibini - ibandla.

Imbali uyazi imizekelo emininzi xa ubuntu ezibuthathaka komlawuli kuthe kwenyuka umfanekiso onamandla ngakumbi. Kulo mzekelo, waye eyintloko yebandla Orthodox, nto leyo eye ingqondo ezizodwa, kwizakhono ephawulekayo ozakuzo kunye iyoba namandla, Metropolitan Alexy. Kwakungenxa ngenkxaso yakhe Ivan 2 iRed ikwazile ukugcina isikhundla sayo sokuba Grand INkosana eMoscow de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1359.

iziphumo

mbali abaninzi badla ukukholelwa ukuba ebukumkanini Ivan Olubomvu akazange eze Moscow Russia nto kodwa isiqabu ifuthe layo phezu ubulawuli angabamelwane. Sinokholo kuphela le nkosana ingqalelo ngokudibanisa kumazwe Kostroma kunye Dmitrov eMoscow. Kwakhona Waziwa ngokuba uyise nguDmitry Donskoy - umphathi omkhulu Russian, ngubani ophumelele kwi Idabi Kulikov.