Amazwe Democratic. idemokhrasi ngokupheleleyo. Olusuka kumazwe ngokwalo wentando

Imbali kuphuhliso naliphi na ilizwe, kukho imizekelo yabantu abathi balwela inkululeko yabantu, lokulingana phambi komthetho kunye nenkcubeko karhulumente. ukuze yedemokhrasi esekwe kumazwe ahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngomhla kwenkcazo lwentando yesininzi lokucingisisa eziliqela izazinzulu nabaphandi.

Bakhangela e kweekota ukusuka kwindawo yezopolitiko lwembono, kwaye ukusuka bulumko. Kwaye akwazi ukunika inkcazelo ngamava ezahlukeneyo izenzo. Noko ke, le thiyori akusoloko ntole. Amaninzi, ukuyilwa ingqikelelo achaphazelekayo practice kaRhulumente. Ngenxa yakhe, uyakwazi ukufaka kunye nokudala elawulayo umfuziselo inkqubo yedemokhrasi. Namhlanje zesayensi kwezopolitiko kunzima ukufumana inkcazelo omnye-ngqondweni wengqiqo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba sazi ukuba amazwe lwentando yesininzi wahlala phezu kwimephu yehlabathi, siya kujongana ngokubanzi.

amandla abantu

Idemokhrasi - ibinzana lesiGrike ngokoqobo licaciswe ngokuthi "abantu ngamandla." Kwinzululwazi yezopolitiko, le nto imele indlela apho lisebenza njengesiseko ehlangeneyo izigqibo. Isiphumo efanayo kwilungu ngalinye kufuneka alingane.

Enyanisweni, le ndlela isebenza ezahlukeneyo imibutho kunye nezakhiwo. Kodwa ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo isicelo ayo ngamandla. Oku kungenxa yokuba urhulumente abe namandla, yaye ngoko, ukuba balungiselele ngayo ukumelana kunzima.

Ngoko, amazwe yedemokhrasi ngokuphathelele oku kufuneka kubalulwa mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukuphunyezwa abantu abanyanisekileyo, kunye nonyulo olusisinyanzelo yinkokheli yabo.
• umthombo esemthethweni kwamandla - abantu.
• UMasipala uluntu luthatha indawo ukuze banelise iimfuno kunye nokusekwa okulungileyo oqhelekileyo eli lizwe.

Ilungu ngalinye na uluntu imithetho yayo, eyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente kazwelonke. Kuba idemokhrasi badla ziquka uluhlu lwamaxabiso, nto ke leyo "test litmus" kwii-eksperimenti zopolitiko:

• Equality, zombini zopolitiko nezentlalo.
• Inkululeko.
• kwengalo yomthetho;
• amalungelo oluntu.
• Ilungelo self-determination, kunye nabanye.

ukungalungi

Ukusuka apha baqale kakuhle. Kungakuhle ukuba lwentando kunzima ukuphumeza, ngoko ke utoliko 'idemokhrasi "iyahluka. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18 kwakukho iintlobo, okanye ngaphezulu ncam, imodeli wolawulo. Eyona idumileyo igqalwa idemokhrasi ngqo. Le modeli iquka ukuthatha izigqibo ngabemi ngeendleko imvumelwano okanye lulawulo luninzi.

Kufuphi, ungakhankanya kunye yedemokhrasi yokuba nabameli. Olu hlobo kubandakanya isigqibo abantu ngelilelakhe namasekela abakhethwe okanye abanye abantu ukuba izikhundla ezithile. Kulo mzekelo, aba bantu benze ukhetho ngokusekelwe ngokoluvo abo bathembele kubo, kwaye ke noxanduva isiphumo phambi kwabo.

Ngexesha ukuba alwe?

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba kubekho ulawulo wezepolitiki, idemokhrasi, isebenza ngaphandle ukunciphisa nalwazelelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamagunya olawulo. Oku Bekusoloko kunzima ukuphumeza, ingakumbi kuloo mazwe apho amalungelo kunye neminye imilinganiselo azikhange zikhunjulwe kurhulumente basala ukuzikhusela kwinkqubo yezopolitiko.

Ke kaloku ingqikelelo "idemokrasi" Ukuba buphindeke kabini imali ezinkozo. Democracy ngoku baba eziqatshelweyo ulawulo-melo. Nale hlobo yedemokhrasi, kunye unyulo kwaye banyaniseke ngamaxesha athile, kukho ulawulo lomthetho, icandelo kunye luthintelo amandla esekwe yi-siseko.

Kwelinye icala, abezoqoqosho abaninzi kunye abahlalutyi bezopolitiko bakholelwa ukuba aphumeze ilungelo isigqibo,-nkqubo enxulumeneyo, kwakunye nefuthe babantu kukarhulumente, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukuyilwa amalungelo zentlalo, inqanaba elisezantsi kakhulu nokungalingani imiba yezentlalo nezoqoqosho, kwakunye nokulingana kwamathuba.

ukusongela

amazwe Democratic njalo besecicini ulawulo. Ingxaki ephambili ukuba inkqubo karhulumente usoloko separatism, ubunqolobi kunye nokukhula ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye nemfuduko. Nangona ukuba kwihlabathi kukho imibutho emininzi ekhusela inkululeko namalungelo abemi, ibali ayikho ngaphandle kwiimeko apho iingxabano ixakayo ezopolitiko nomsindo.

Imeko yangoku bemicimbi

Ngaphambi sijonga eli lizwe kakhulu yedemokhrasi ehlabathini, kufuneka ujonge lo mfanekiso yonke imeko yangoku. Nangona neyantlukwano kolawulo ezithandwayo, namhlanje inani emazweni Democrats kakhulu kwimbali. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabantu emhlabeni lukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kulonyulo. Noko ke, nkqu ulawulo efana ngeqhudu kalula khona egameni yabantu.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba lawo mazwe asebenza ngaphantsi kubekho ulawulo lwentando yesininzi, wabanika ilungelo lokuvota phantse yonke kubantu abadala. Kodwa kamva, ujongene nengxaki yokuba umdla kubomi kwezopolitiko yaqala ukuna kabukhali. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States bathathe inxaxheba kunyulo ithatha 30-40% yabemi.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi. Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo ipolitiki yelizwe, kufuneka Stock phezu nomonde nje kuphela, kodwa ixesha buyo. Abanye abemi bakholelwa ukuba abezobupolitika ahlawule ixesha ngakumbi ugqatso kwezopolitiko kunye neemfuno zabo. Abanye musa ukubona umahluko phakathi kwamaqela eziphikisanayo. Kunjalo, le meko yangoku kukhokelela kukuba kwakhona evuselela umdla ngokohlobo lwentando yesininzi ngqo.

analytics

Izazinzulu ezininzi kwezopolitiko baye basebenza nzima ukuze zonke izizwe ehlabathini wavuka inkcazelo yayo. Iziko Uphando yaseBritani ibalwa msebenzi, nto leyo owayenokugqiba nokurhafiswa kumazwe ngokwemiqathango yedemokhrasi. Ngoku bangahlela amazwe 167. Ngamnye kubo index yayo yedemokhrasi.

Namhlanje kunzima ukutsho ukuba injongo ingaqatshelwa ukhetho ithi yalo mgaqo. Xa iyonke kukho iindidi-5 kunye nezalathisi-12. i sesalathisi kuqala ngo-2006. Ngeli xesha kwakukho izilungiso eliqela enxulumene utshintsho emfanekisweni kwezopolitiko zehlabathi. Kwaye nkqu kwiminyaka eli-10 kamva, akwaziwa ukuba ngubani na inxalenye eKhomishoni: mhlawumbi ke nabasebenzi beziko zophando, kwaye babe zesayensi ezizimeleyo.

isimiso

Ngoko ke, ukuze bakuzibalela urhulumente ngokweendidi ezine, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube kumgangatho idemokhrasi kweli lizwe. Kufuneka kwakhona ukuba ukuhlola ngokutsha peer kunye neziphumo vo yoluntu. ilizwe ngalinye luphawulwa izikhombisi 60, neyohlulwe iindidi ezininzi:

1. inkqubo yoNyulo kunye ezininzi.
2. umsebenzi kaRhulumente.
3. I-nxaxheba ngabemi-nkqubo karhulumente.
4. inkcubeko Political.
5. amalungelo Civil.

isigaba

It lungohlulwa lube ziindidi eziliqela ngokwesiseko eli lizwe. Eyokuqala - idemokhrasi ngokupheleleyo. abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba lo rhulumente ingenakufikeleleka efanelekileyo kuphela. Noko ke, ngalo mzuzu kolu didi kuquka amazwe 26 - kuba yi-12% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke. Kukholelwa ukuba phantse isiqingatha onke amazwe ingabalelwa olu hlobo, kodwa uluvo ingcali wahlukile kancinci. 51 karhulumente basonta phants 'yokungabikho wentando yesininzi ".

Udidi lwesithathu kuthathwa ukuba imo gqith, nto leyo ke ngokuncedisana yedemokhrasi kunye authoritarianism. Kwihlabathi kukho 39 ithi nale hlobo. Amazwe 52 eseleyo kunjalo alondoloze ulawulo ngegqudu. Ke kaloku, udidi sesine ingaquka kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi - abantu abangaphezu kwe-2.5 billion.

Origin of the yokuqala

Le indexation yokugqibela eyaziwayo lwaqhutywa ngo-2014. amazwe 25 kuphela ingabalelwa lwentando yesininzi ngokupheleleyo-enobugcisa. Le ishumi top iquka Iceland, New Zealand, Denmark, eSweden, Norway, Finland, Canada, eNetherlands, Switzerland ne Australia.

Leader iminyaka eliqela ilandelelana kuthathwa ukuba eNorway. Le neNgonyama siseko wafumana index 9,93. Eli lilizwe e Northern Europe usesikhundleni yinxalenye laseScandinavia Peninsula. Ke kaloku uKumkani Norway uHarald V. ukuba umbuso owodwa zisekelwe kumgaqo kwedemokrasi yepalamente.

Kuyo Pippi Longstocking

Indawo yesibini kuhlala Sweden (9.73). Le meko okufuphi eNorway. Kwakhona ibekwe kwi laseScandinavia Peninsula. Power ulawula Carl XVI Gustaf. Le fom kwakhona zisekelwe kumgaqo wokulawula lwentando yesininzi lwepalamente xa nama lobukhosi siseko.

ilizwe elincinane

indawo yesithathu i index ye 9,58 kuthatha Iceland. Imephu eli lizwe inokufumaneka kufutshane eYurophu. Olu hlanga siqithi. UMongameli Gvyudni Jóhannesson, bambamba phezu ngoJuni kulo nyaka. Yena i umgqatswa ezimeleyo. Kwakhona idume yokuba kukho iqondo - UNjingalwazi of History. Nangona isibakala sokuba Iceland Imephu nzima buqapheleke, eli lizwe ayikho kuphela iinkokheli eziphezulu emithathu kumazwe wedemokhrasi, kodwa idume nezinye iirekhodi zawo. Ngokomzekelo, njengoko siqithi inkulu mlilo.

Ezandleni ekhuselekileyo

New Zealand wathatha indawo wesine (9.26). Le meko ibekwe Polynesia, kumazantsi-ntshona Pacific Ocean. Njengoko eNorway, kukho loyise lobukhosi siseko wedemokrasi yepalamente. A lizwe lilawulwa odumileyo Queen Elizabeth II. Hi ndlela leyi, ngaphandle yokuba nguye intloko British Commonwealth of Nations kwaoko UK, oko kwakhona ukumkanikazi 15 ithi ezizimeleyo, kubandakanywa Canada, Belize, Barbados, Grenada kunye nabanye. Ngqo uninzi New Zealand i iRhuluneli-Jikelele Jerry Mateparae.

ukugada yabaseTyhini

Kwakhona Denmark uye shaya lwedemokrasi lizwe kwaye ibekwe yesihlanu simo (9.11). Enye State, leyo emntla Yurophu. Le amandla kwakhona ilungelo labafazi - Margrethe II. Ngoko ke, Denmark - lobukhosi siseko. Queen kunceda yipalamente enetsheyimba, ngokuba Folketing.

isakhiwo Complex wezopolitiko

Switzerland luthathe indawo yesithandathu (9.09). It is a republic federal, Confederation elisebenza nge a kwipalamente bicameral, yaye phantsi kwesiseko wesiqingatha-idemokhrasi. Switzerland asiyiyo elula inkqubo yezopolitiko. UMongameli Johann Schneider-Ammann yi usihlalo weBhunga Federal, kodwa enyanisweni akamntu intloko karhulumente. Le ndima esabelwa onke amalungu ebhunga. Nangona kwimeko izigqibo ezimbaxa kwezopolitiko, ilizwi lakhe liya akugungqi.

UMongameli ingqalelo ngowokuqala phakathi kwabantu abalinganayo, yaye akukho igunya ukwalathisa amalungu eBhunga Federal. Kunyulwa kuphela konyaka. Kwaye akunjalo abantu, kunye namalungu ebhunga. Kukho abantu abasixhenxe kuphela. Ngaphandle yokuba ngokudibeneyo ukubaleka ilizwe, ngamnye kubo isebe yayo. Umzekelo, umongameli yangoku inoxanduva Federal iSebe leMicimbi yezoQoqosho, Education and Research.

lizwe ngeentlanga

indawo Seventh waya Canada (9.08). Le urhulumente e North America. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, intloko karhulumente the Queen of Great Britain. Kodwa ke walawula Governor General Devid Dzhonston ekhaya. Canada - yinto umanyano kunye lobukhosi yasepalamente kunye kwedemokrasi yepalamente.

Urhulumente yenziwe kumaphondo 10. Ethandwa kakhulu uthathwa Quebec. Oku kulapho inkoliso yabantu kubemi othetha isiFrentshi. Amanye amaphondo ukuba kangangoko ezinkulu "IsiNgesi".

uzinzo

Ngenxa index 9,03 indawo yesiBhozo waya eFinland. Iimpawu lizwe ikakhulu kusekelwe ngokulinganisela igunya, njengokuba kakhulu izinzile. Ngo-2010, urhulumente uye waba intle kwihlabathi. Le ise kumantla Europe. It is a republic yepalamente-Presidential esekelwe idemokhrasi epalamente. Ukususela ngo-2012 intloko karhulumente Sauli Niynisto.

Umongameli inyulelwa okuthandwayo isithuba seminyaka emithandathu. Amandla olukhulu lolawulo lithweswe kuye. Inxalenye isebe yowiso nayo ezandleni uMongameli, kodwa Kwisiqingatha sesibini ulawulo zePalamente - Eduskunta.

mpumalanga State

Australia ibekwe 9 kwi simo kumazwe lwentando zehlabathi (9.01). La mandla kufuphi New Zealand nemisinga alithabathe negama elifanayo. Intloko lizwe ithathwa ukumkanikazi British Commonwealth. Governor-Jikelele - Piter Kosgrouv. Australia - a neNgonyama zepalamente, apho ikhona bonke ubukhosi of Great Britain. imisebenzi kaRhulumente enxulumene ngqo Queen Elizabeth II kunye neBhunga yangasese.

Australia ibonakaliswa njengelinye lamazwe amaninzi kuphuhliswa yehlabathi. Yena abe kuqoqosho oluzinzileyo, GDP phezulu per capita. Yena lifaka yesibini kwi-Human Development Index, yaye lula wayengase abe ngowokuqala kwezi zixeliweyo yamazwe lwentando yesininzi.

Top 10

Ukusondeza ngaphandle emazweni ezilishumi eziphezulu nedemokhrasi ngokupheleleyo, i-Netherlands (8.92). Le urhulumente lobukhosi siseko. Okwangoku, intloko ubukumkani Willem-Alexander. ENetherlands, esebenza a iPalamente bicameral, olusekelwe phezu idemokhrasi yasepalamente. Capital bakarhulumente uthathwa ukuba Amsterdam. Kulapha ukuba umlawuli uthatha isifungo isigxina ubukumkani. Kodwa kukho likomkhulu sezibhaliwe The Hague, apho isihlalo karhulumente ibekwe.

nezinye iinkokheli

Kwi-26 ithi kunye lwesininzi yinxalenye ikwaquka United Kingdom, Spain, Ireland, i-USA, Japan, South Korea, Uruguay, Germany kunye nabanye. Kodwa ke, mhlawumbi, ngokukhankanywa nokubeka emazweni maxa wambi ichaphazeleke ulawulo ngegqudu. Kwi indawo th 167 yi North Korea, kunye isalathisi ka-1,08. Kancinane ngaphezu kwayo kwezi zixeliweyo ezi Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, eSiriya, Iran, Turkmenistan kunye Congo.

Russia ithatha 117 indawo kunye olungu-3,92. Phambi kokuba Cameroon, emva - Angola. Belarus zisengaphantsi yaseRussia, phezu kwendawo 139 (3.16). Omabini la mazwe basonta "ulawulo" didi. Ukraine phezu kwendawo 79th kudidi lwe imowudi inguqu kunye inkomba 5,94.

akukho phuhliso

Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo kumazwe lwentando yaseYurophu abalahlekelwe kwizikhundla zabo. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa ukuba ummandla osempuma. Kunye ne-Russia wawa kwezi zixeliweyo kunye namanye amazwe ico. Abanye kwingxowa izikhundla zabo kancinane, abanye - by degrees 5-7.

Ukususela ngo-2013, idemokhrasi ehlabathini kumile. Kule mo, akukho uncedo, kodwa inkqubela anayenza. Le meko ibhekisa umfanekiso iyonke zehlabathi. Kwezinye imizekelo, kodwa nokushiywa buqapheleke. ithi abaninzi baphelelwa iinkqubo zabo lwentando yesininzi. Ingakumbi kule kuchaphazela yintlekele yokudodobala koqoqosho.

kolawulo ngegqudu, ngokuchaseneyo, ziye qinile. Ngoko ke, idemokhrasi, leyo lwandiswa kweli hlabathi ukususela ngowe-1974, ngoku sele umlinganiswa sofuzo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ekuncipheni trust kumaziko kwezopolitiko iqala, ingakumbi e-Europe. Kwakhona, inkqubo yedemokhrasi ngokwayo akeva wazise labemi yesiphumo efunekayo.