Umqokeleli Irhafu - a ... Intsingiselo yegama elithi "werhafu"

Umfo wakwaThixo kushumayela phakathi kwabantu. Kodwa nantsi yintoni oko? Yena wabonakala wayehleli phakathi ababuthi berhafu namahenyukazi! Abantu abaye wamphulaphula kuye, zibangele ingcwangu: "Nanku umntu, olisela-wayini, umhlobo wababuthi berhafu namahenyukazi" imeko, athatyathwe eBhayibhileni, ichaza novakaliso lukaYesu Kristu, uNyana kaThixo. Kodwa kutheni ngexesha lokwenzeka ingqalelo izinto kangaka ukunxibelelana nababuthi berhafu? Yaye ngubani na nababuthi berhafu?

Ngubani na lo werhafu

Ukuze athi ke mncinane, umqokeleli werhafu - oku igama elidala elichaza umntu umsebenzi ogama kukuba ukuqokelela irhafu evela kubantu abaqhelekileyo. Akumangalisi ke, lo gama aba bantu kangaka kakubi ekuhlaleni! Kwaye ngawo onke amaxesha, abantu Ububahluba amahlwempu, azizange ehlonitshwa kakhulu ngabantu. Yintoni ke ngoko uYesu, uNyana kaThixo, ukuze ahlale phakathi kwabantu abanjalo linokunyhashwa? Yiyiphi indima ntoni aba bantu bathabatha ngaloo mihla, yaye indlela yembali? Makhe sizame ukuqonda le miba.

Ntoni berhafu eRoma

In uBukhosi baseRoma, ukuqokelelwa kwerhafu ebekwe phezu komhlaba, benza loo jikelele wamaRoma. Le nkqubo ilawulwa kakuhle. Noko ke, yiba negunya kumazwe okanye yokungenisa kweempahla abathuthwayo lonke ngabarhwebi lizwe, ukuze, xa siseko, nabani na kwaba nempembelelo ahambelanayo. Kwaba ngokwaneleyo ukuze ufumane imvume efunekayo. Kodwa eli lungelo nga zibiza imali eninzi kwezibonelelo zemali. Xa "nababuthi" ezinjalo, okanye abavuni, baye benza umsebenzi wabo, akaba singangenelwa iingeniso zerhafu ukuba axhome kakhulu isixa umlinganiselo yazo rhoqo. Noko ke, yonke le misebenzi yenziwa ayikho kangangoko kungase kubonakale kulula. Ngezivumelwano okanye kubaphathi basoko belwakhele umkhanya uxanduva semthethweni yokuqokelela irhafu kwezinye iindawo nommandla wayo.

UZakeyu and UMateyu - nabaqokeleli berhafu kwexesha likaKrestu

Ukufunda iZibhalo, sifumana ulwazi malunga umqokeleli werhafu ogama Zakeyu. Ukusuka yeVangeli kaLuka, isahluko elinesithoba, iivesi lokuqala nolo lukwizinga lesibini, sifunda ukuba kunokwenzeka sicinywa oyintloko kwezinye berhafu okanye abaqokeleli berhafu. UMateyu le mbuthi werhafu - lowo elilandelayo, ngaye sikufundayo kwiLizwi likaThixo - iBhayibhile. UYesu, uNyana uMdali, bamenza njengompostile okanye "umthunywa" (njengoko imali evela kukuguqulela igama). Kuyabonakala ukuba, uMateyu akuyi kuphela benza ukuba irhafu ekuqokeleleni eKapernahum, kodwa kwesi sixeko ofisi yakho yerhafu.

Kutheni ukuhlonipha nababuthi

Kuba abantu uZakeyu noMateyu, ngaloo mihla, wayeliphatha ngendelelo olukhulu nantlonelo. Bona babebiza kwirhafu abantu abaqhelekileyo, aba bantu musa ngokwenene ayeze belizwe zabo. Kwakhona, kwiZibhalo, sifumana ulwazi amanye amaYuda awayecinga lizothe ukuba badle nabantu abanjalo. Baye baphathwa lunesono yaye ngebande elinye kunye namahenyukazi zoluntu. ulithiyile aba bantu yamaYuda wavakalisa kuba inkxaso uBukhosi baseRoma, nto leyo ukuba babecinga ngayo abantu beeNtlanga "ngongahlambulukanga". Ukuba umntu onjalo elele ezitalatweni zingqondweni, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba akayi kuba nabani na ukunceda.

abaqokeleli berhafu noKristu

Kodwa ke, ukufunda iVangeli, ubalisa ngobomi leNkosi uYesu, sibona indlela nto ibalasele ngamandla kukuba iimbono ezahlukeneyo, awathi wafundisa ukusuka umgangatho ngelo xesha. akazange Sifunda ukuba uMateyu uZakeyu waqhubeka ekhohlisa abantu emva kokuba baba ngamaKristu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa sifunda iBhayibhile, uMateyu washiya ofisi yakhe ukuze silandele yeNkosi yazo. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba uKristu ezixabisa kakhulu kangaka lo mntu! Ngokuphindaphindiweyo wathi: "Asinto imfuneko sempilweni gqirha kwabaphilileyo, lifuneka kwabafayo" - ngaloo ndlela ebonisa ukuba mqokeleli werhafu - oku abantu ithemba enjalo, njengoko ezininzi ngelo xesha. Ngaphezu koko, akukho ezinye iimvakalelo uMateyu wabhala ingxelo yakhe ubomi bukaKristu, bakuziva yi iingcali ezininzi iincwadi ehlabathini. "Ukufunda ivangeli bakhe - bathi - ndiyachukumisa, oko imfudumalo uthetha iNkosi yakhe." Kuyabonakala ukuba ncomo iindaba uNyana kaThixo efumaneka iintliziyo nkqu nabo amehlo abanye ngendelelo kuphela.

Ntoni igama elithi "werhafu"

Ukuze siqonde ngcono intsingiselo ingumbuthi werhafu, kuyimfuneko ukuphanda imvelaphi kolu luvo. Kubonakala ukuba kumaxesha amandulo elithi "uzibulala" kunye "myto 'ukuthini kwinqanaba apho eziphicothiweyo izithuthi kumhlaba kunye namanzi. Zonke iintlobo imisebenzi, apho zamiselwa ukuba, eziqhotyoshelwe abantu umthwalo unsupportable. Pedicularis e Rus yamandulo '- udla baba "amasela yomthetho" - ezihangeni, ababengawathandi. Kwidikshinari eli lizwi Ozhegova ukunika inkcazelo elula. Ngokutsho kwakhe, umqokeleli werhafu - ungumqokeleli kwerhafu kwelakwaYuda. A Dictionary Dahl likazwelonke ligqibe le nkcazelo. Iqulethe olunye ulwazi olongezelelweyo. Ngokutsho isichazi-magama, ingumbuthi werhafu - a myta umqokeleli eRashiya. Ukusuka eli gama livela abanye ababini - ". Ityala" "abaxhaphaza" yaye Ngokutsho isichazi-magama Ozhegova kunye Shvedova, ingqiqo yokuqala idlulisela ingcamango yokuba umntu ukunika kuhlukunyezwa nokubandezeleka, kwaye eyesibini libhekisela ngumgubo okanye ukubandezeleka. Kucacile ukuba igama elithi "werhafu" laziwa nomntu okhohlakeleyo, a sadist, nto leyo enika abanye ukubandezeleka. Sele oku kugwetywa elihle, okuthe aba bantu. Ngaphambili, umsebenzi ezahlukeneyo yamandulo phantsi ekugwetyweni, kodwa ingakumbi lo mntu.

Ngokucacileyo, efanayo intsingiselo yegama elithi "werhafu" - onjalo into "mytit" okanye "mytarstvovat", nto leyo ithetha ukuba ukudlulisela irenti okanye uboleke (yeminyanya dictionary). Buthi, Ilizwi eli, phakathi kwezinye izinto, usenokuba uthetha umntu kaThixo ukugula, izifo okanye ukubandezeleka. Ngaphandle konke oku, eli gama liye libhekisele umntu ohlala ngokuxhaphaza abanye okanye parasitism.

"Usizi" ku Russia

Ngaloo mihla, yonke umrhumo okanye irhafu leyo kuqokelelwa berhafu, ukuqinisekisa iinkosana okuba le okanye ukuba ikamva. Kwafuneka unelungelo lokuba ukuvumela okanye avumele uzibulala intsimi yalo. Ngokomzekelo, xa iinkosana ezimbini kuvunyelwene kwintsebenziswano joint, ngoko kwakufuneka yokuqala neyesibini njengesenzo ukuvumela abarhwebi ngaphandle imiqobo engeyomfuneko ukuthutha iimpahla zabo kummandla omnye. Ngelo xesha bayibiza "ngaphandle kumda" (t. E. Ngaphandle imida) okanye "akukho imikhondo" (t. E., Ngaphandle izithintelo).

Noko ke, ukuba, kwakukho abo babefuna ngandlela zonke ukuphepha ukuhlawula irhafu ofunekayo, ngoko abantu abanjalo kufuneka bohlwaywa ngenxa kukwaphula umthetho ngomlomo. Le isohlwayo ngokuba "ndahlamba". Ngenxa yoko, nathi, kukho igama elithi "promytarivat" oko kukuthi ezingoonombini kunye "adlale" mihla, apho kuboniswe ngokucacileyo isohlwayo, ngenxa apho umntu ububandezwayo impahla yokugqibela.

iintlobo zerhafu

Ngaloo mihla, kukho iindidi ezininzi ezifana "myta". Phantsi Trial wawa, njengoko sele sifundile ukuba lomhlaba njani iindlela zorhwebo kunye namanzi. Ngoko ke, kukho iintlobo ezininzi myta "uzibulala-Ukungena", "uzibulala unxweme", "mostovschina" yaye "uzibulala emhlabeni." Loo tax umsebenzi ingaba kuhlawulwa imali okanye njengemveliso. Mostovschina kukwathethe ukuhlawula irhafu xa bewela kwo.

Ngaphandle konke oku kungentla, irhafu kukhutshwa wenqwelwana impahla, elula ayo kwaye xa kuthengiswa kuyo. Akumangalisi ke, kuba abantu abaqhelekileyo, nangenxa kakuhle off, kwaba ifana obdiratelstvu.

Tatar-Mongols kunye nemisebenzi

Tatar-Mongols zandisa umthwalo sele onzima kakhulu ngabantu. Ukususela ngexesha ukubola ukoyisa, ke wavelisa myta uhlobo entsha, leyo kuthiwa "tamga". Ukuba umntu ongathanda ukuba abandakanyeke urhwebo kwiindawo zorhwebo okanye imiboniso, ezazithandwa gqitha ngelo xesha, nam kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule olu hlobo lwerhafu. Ngokutsho isichazi-magama Ozhegov tamga - imali ebizwayo yi Amasiko ngenxa nebala elayanyaniswa. Ubungakanani irhafu kwakuxhomekeke kungekhona indlela lalibonelelwa kwindawo ethile, nendlela indleko kwimveliso ethile kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, nkqu yoonongendi anokubanga endaweni zabo ukuba bathathe abathengisa nge imveliso kwamanye amazwe, tamga. Lawo uvumo yamandulo.

"Nababuthi berhafu" Modern

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba mqokeleli werhafu - umsebenzi eye wabasukela abantu abaqhelekileyo, nkqu nanamhlanje ngabantu, ndayihluthwa yabantu yokugqibela zesiqhelo, kuthiywa ngabanye. Namhlanje, uyakwazi kwakhona Ungafumana okuninzi zokunganyaniseki kwizangqa urhulumente irhafu kwentlawulo. Ngenxa yoko, i-Customs Service, ojongene ukuhlola umthwalo kwaye ujonge ngezatifikethi kweempahla abathuthwayo phesheya, njengoko rhoqo ifumana ubulungisa. Unga ukuva inani elikhulu lezikhalazo ngenkonzo kade kwaye zinamandla okuwisa ngenjongo bekhupha nantoni na evela ebantwini. Ngoko ke, amasiko inkonzo namhlanje - into efanayo ukuba abaqokeleli berhafu kumaxesha amandulo.

Kweso kwimbali

Njengokuba siye sakufunda kweli nqaku, Pedicularis e Rus yamandulo - aba bantu ngokwenene engakuthandi. Kwakhona Safunda indlela abantu abanjalo ithathwa uKristu - uNyana kaThixo. Ukongeza, siye saba nako ukuwutsala ukufana nazo ixesha lethu, kunye ofisi yerhafu ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo namasiko.