Usuku inkululeko epheleleyo iLeningrad ukusuka amaNazi (1944, Januwari 27)

Sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwama-70 ukusuka mzuzu xa imikhosi Soviet ekugqibeleni ikwazile ukuba sisuse kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad, eyathatha iintsuku phantse 900 ubude, owoyikekayo nobusuku. bawungqinga umzi yesibini ibalulekileyo yiSoviet Union ngoSeptemba 1941 amajoni amaNazi. Kodwa nangona iimfazwe ezininzi bungwanyalala, neziqhushumbisi rhoqo bombing, iziko ibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko, ushishino kunye nezopolitiko karhulumente Soviet wakwazi ukumelana uxinzelelo engakholelekiyo yotshaba.

Emva koko, lo umyalelo waseJamani bagqiba ukuba ikomkhulu elingasemntla khonkcweni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba indlela ekwakunzima abahlala isixeko kunye amajoni Red Army, kodwa noko malini umgudu angaphaya isondela, konke okusemandleni abo, ngemini inkululeko epheleleyo iLeningrad ukusuka amaNazi. Ngelishwa, asingabo bonke baye basinda kule yinyanga ebalulekileyo.

Eyokuqala ukuvimba ebusika

Kuyimfuneko ukuba athi kwaoko ukuba ekungqingweni nasekuxinweni ka iLeningrad ubuhanjelwe amajoni aseJamani kuphela. Ngesandla kwi-Finnish Army, Navy, kwaye Italian, kwaye Spanish "Blue Division", kunye namavolontiya asuka kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Esi sixeko anqamka phantse ngokupheleleyo angabikho lonke ilizwe. Ngexesha singqingiwe njalo ke omkhulu, obubonelela abantu bayo ukutya ngexesha kubanda, kwaba indlela yobomi. Ngoko wabiza endleleni leyo wabaleka ngaphesheya umkhenkce of Lake Ladoga. Abemi ubunzima ubunzima engakholelekiyo, yaye ngoko ke waya kude, kwada kwayimini inkululeko epheleleyo iLeningrad ukusuka amaNazi.

Kodwa indlela ice ayikwazanga ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo zonke iimfuno mzi enkulu. Ngenxa yoko, iLeningrad waphulukana, ngokutsho uqikelelo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukusuka ezininzi ezilikhulu lamawaka kwesigidi abemi bawo. Inkoliso yabantu yafa ngenxa yendlala emzimbeni okubangelwa yokunqongophala nokoyika kokutya nepetroli. I kwafa Ebusika yokuqala ka-1941-1942 ibinzima kunene, ngoko weza nje ukulahlekelwa iphambili ngeli xesha. Kamva, ubonelelo ngcono, kwaye baloo dolophu likwazile ukulungiselela iifama, emva koko inani lamathole lancipha kakhulu.

documentary isiqinisekiso

Ngelishwa, abantu abaninzi abazange alinde ixesha xa mini kweza kwesiqalekiso ngokupheleleyo kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad. Eli phepha angels ngomnye esibi kunazo nokobuqhawe kwimbali kweli lizwe. Enye kuphela ukuba ukukhumbula eqalile kwidayari yesikolo Tani Savichevoy. Kukho asithoba kuphela amaphepha, abathandathu okunikezelwe ngokufa kwabantu lwakhe lweenkobe - nabazalwana, noodade, unina, umakhulu kunye oomalume ezimbini.

Eneneni, phantse onke amalungu entsapho wafa ebusika yokuqala zokungqinga, ukususela kuDisemba 1941 ukuya kuMeyi 1942. Le ntombazana efanayo kakhulu wahlangulwa eyayiza nezwe. Kodwa njengoko Tanya yempilo ngokupheleleyo engxakini ukungondleki iinyanga ezininzi, wafa kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Emva koko wayeneminyaka eli-14 kuphela ubudala.

Ekugqibeleni imini kwafika ngokupheleleyo kwesiqalekiso iLeningrad ukuqapha. Kwathi kanti kamva, uTanya nangoku engalunganga. nomfowabo omdala nodade wasinda, yaye ngabo kwi blog bafunda lonke ihlabathi. Ezi rekhodi zibe ngomnye iisimboli loo kwafa ezoyikekayo. Xa izilingo Nuremberg idayari Tanya kaThixo thaca njengobungqina wolawulo zwilakhe kakubi yaye enogonyamelo.

indlela ahlula

NgoJanuwari 1943, i-Red Army, akuba wenza imigudu ubukhalipha masinxibe edabini inani elikhulu amajoni ayo waqhuba utyando "Yathetheka" ikhowudi-igama. Ekuhambeni-mkhosi balo Volkhov naseLeningrad fronts basilela bayagqobhoza, bayangena wokhuselo waseJamani. Ngenxa yoko, kwavula runs inyoba emxinwa ecaleni Lake Ladoga. Kuyo kwaye liye labuyiselwa unxibelelwano ilizwe njengomzi ongqingiweyo kunye nemisinga.

Kule sayithi kwi imoto zexesha elifutshane indlela ezenziwe ngezitena kunye kaloliwe, enabizwa "uloyiso endimthandayo." Emva koko, eli lizwe ithuba ukuseka unikezelo umzi ukudla kunye, kwakunye zishiye ezininzi umphakathi, ingakumbi amabhinqa nabantwana. Kodwa oku ekupheleni kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad. city Day Liberation uya kuza kuphela emva konyaka.

Zaguquka

Ngowe-1943, i-Red Army wayesele inani imisebenzi ebalulekileyo enobuqhinga. Ezi ziquka Idabi Stalingrad, imfazwe on the Orel-Kursk, kwi Donbas kunye Dnieper. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1944 kwakukho imeko kakuhle kakhulu, nto leyo kakhulu wazisa ngemini inkululeko epheleleyo iLeningrad ukusuka amaNazi. January 27 kuya kwenzeka, kodwa kude kube ngoko amaNazi nangoku kuyingozi enkulu. Wehrmacht ongazange alahlekelwe ubuchule yayo yokulwa, njengoko oko kungqinwa imisebenzi zomkhosi kwenziwa ngabo. Phantsi kolawulo bakhe kusekho iindawo enkulu kummandla USSR.

Ngexesha ngaphambili okwesibini Western iYurophu okwangoku uyaziwa, yaye kwaba ezandleni ngamaNazi eJamani, njengoko kuvumela Hitler ingqalelo onke amandla abo ekulweni empumalanga. Abo imisebenzi zomkhosi ukuba zaqhutywa eItali, akabanga imiphumo kakhulu yaye phantse azinampembelelo Wehrmacht. Ngoko ngemini inkululeko epheleleyo iLeningrad ukusuka amaNazi osoloko elinye ixesha.

Izicwangciso inkululeko lomzi

Kwathi kanye Ekupheleni kuka-1943 Izinga ligqibe ekubeni uthotho libethwe amabutho esitha. ukuhlasela kucwangciswe iLeningrad ukuya kuLwandle Black, egxininisa ngokukodwa nelisemihlubulweni bengaphambili eSoviet-German.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, ukuze ayichithe iqela wemikhosi kwaba "North", isixeko eLeningrad ukuvula kwaye khupha yeBaltic. Kwi kwicala wasezantsi kwakufuneka ukuba ukucima imikhosi ngokungenalusini karhulumente kuphela eCrimea, kodwa Ekunene-Bank Ukraine, uze uphume uye kumda eSoviet Union.

inkululeko epheleleyo iLeningrad ukusuka yaye kuvalwe imini leyo iyasondela, njengoko babengakwazi, amadoda aloo 2 iBaltic, Volkhov naseLeningrad fronts, kwakunye bangamajoni kwiBaltic Fleet.

Ukulwa for Northern le Capital

Lohlaselo yaqala ngoJanuwari 14. Ngenxa bridgehead Oranienbaum waya phezu bayahlaselwa mothuko-2, yaye ngemini elandelayo - kwaye 42 th Army of Leningrad Front. Ngoko nangoko wahamba nabo Volkhov. Ndimele ndithi ukuba amabutho esitha zaye kakuhle umgca zokhuselo, kwaye ngexesha elinye wanikela ukumelana ilukhuni. Kwakhona kwisantya oluBomvu Army negalelo ehlathini afumileyo. Ngaphezu koko, nobudlelwane ngoJanuwari olwaqaliswa ngesiquphe kwathintela uqhubela isikrweqe.

kwiintsuku ezintlanu emva kokuba ekuqaleni lohlaselo imikhosi Soviet ikwazile ukuba akhulule Red Village kunye Ropsha. Ngeli xesha, i Peterhof-Strelna iqela zwilakhe angqongwe kwaye aya kutshatyalaliswa kunye iintsalela zayo - lehla ukusuka njengomzi ongqingiweyo ngenxa km 25. Phantsi isisongelo efanayo waza wajika uqhagamshelo Iiklip, kodwa amaJamani ixesha ukurhoxisa amajoni ayo. Usuku inkululeko epheleleyo iLeningrad ukusuka amaNazi (1944) sisondela. Ngelo xesha, Red Army wawagxotha bahlaseli evela kweminye imizi.

Xolelwa Novgorod

Kwathi ngoJanuwari 20. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba phambi kokuba imfazwe Novgorod kwakuyinto yenkcubeko, yenzululwazi kunye mveliso iziko enkulu. Kunzima ukucinga, kodwa kwelinye kakhulu izixeko zamandulo Russian sasinda izakhiwo hayi ngaphezulu kwe-40. Angawaconganga awasemvelweni amaNazi kunye ezikhumbuzo enkulu zobugcisa amandulo bokwakha. Zatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo iicawa St. uPetros noPawulos e Kozhevniki noMsindisi on Ilyina. Ukusuka kwabo kwakukho kuphela amathambo zalaba iindonga. Nicholas ne St Sophia Cathedral ngokuyinxenye zitshatyalaliswe, baphanga. Novgorod yesicelo nayo ulimele kakhulu.

Kubonakala ukuba isizathu sokuba intshabalalo kakhulu esixekweni ingaba isicwangciso kobunkokheli German yomkhosi kunye nezopolitiko. Yathi ukuba emazweni Novgorod ezinto ukuya kwi bezithanga East Prussia, ngoko apha wazama kutshabalalisa bonke ubungqina bokuba kwimbali nenkcubeko phambi kwabantu Russian. Nokuba kubekho nentsika yelitye enikezelwe Eliwaka ka-Russia, iye dismantled. AmaJamani babesiya ukuba kwi isinyibilikise.

movement kwaqala

Kwiintsuku ezilishumi emva kokuba nokukhululwa Novgorod, imikhosi Soviet bakwazi ukuba alwe amaJamani Slutsk, Pushkin kunye Krasnogvardeisk, esiza ngexesha elifanayo lomgca esezantsi kuyo umlambo Luga. Apho, bathabatha bridgeheads eziliqela. Ngelo xesha namandla kunye neeyunithi Soviet Scholarship asebenza kwezo kwimimandla. Ukuba alwe nabo, umyalelo waseJamani yaphosa nomkhosi ngamnye ngalinye yezahlulo asendle ekhoyo, yaye amaqela zokhuseleko ngamnye. Ukuphendula, ikomkhulu Central Scholarship aphatha uthotho libethwe ngasemva amabutho ngokungenalusini karhulumente.

Ukukhululwa Northern Capital

Ekugqibeleni, kwafika imini okukunyusa ekudala elindelwe ukuba kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad (1944). January 27 kunomathotholo yasekuhlaleni ukufunda ngaphandle okubhaliweyo komyalelo le mlilo Leningrad Front. Kuvakala ukuba kwafa lususwe. Emva koko amashumi amawaka ngokungummangaliso abemi uyasinda abavikeli yayo wabalekiselwa ezitratweni.

Kanye at 20:00 kwenziwe volleys-24 ukusuka ngemipu 324, nto leyo bephelekwa imisebenzi, kunye ilayithi le zokukhanyisa moya. E Moscow, kakhulu, aba zokudubula Bulisani umthendeleko ngeekhrikethi. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kuba isixeko kwi Neva senza ngaphandle kuphela ngexesha lemfazwe. Ke ezinye imisebenzi ezaqaliswa kuphela eMoscow.

qhubela phambili

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imini inkululeko epheleleyo iLeningrad ukusuka amaNazi wade wafika, i-Red Army waqhubeka lokuhlasela layohlala amajoni aseJamani kwi Luga, i Narva kunye Gdov nezalathiso. AmaJamani basabela balwe lithemba. Maxa wambi bakwazi ukuthatha kweminye Red Army encirclement. Februwari 4, amajoni eSoviet wakhulula Gdov, ekubakhupheni ukuya Lake Peipsi. Februwari 15 bakwazi bayagqobhoza, bayangena Luga umgca ukuzithethelela.

Ngenxa yemisebenzi, imikhosi yethu wayechithe ixesha elide zokhuselo abahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente kwaye wabagxotha kuyo aseBalti. Ukulwa Heavy kwaqhubeka de ngoMatshi, kodwa, i-Red Army uye wasilela ukukhulula xa Narva. Volkhov Front aye ohlulwa namabutho ayo bathunyelwa ukuba lilungu elinye - iLeningrad, kunye nezinye - the 2nd iBaltic.

Entwasahlobo 1944, amajoni eSoviet ifikelele kakhulu enqatyisiweyo German umgca "Panther". Kodwa kangangeenyanga ezimbini zokulwa rhoqo kwaye bungwanyalala, i-Red Army ubunzima ilahleko enkulu izixhobo kwezoshishino kwanababoneleli bemfundo. Kwaye ke kukho ukunqongophala bafa emthethweni! Ngenxa yoko, izinga wagqiba ukuthumela amajoni ukuya kwimo ukuzithethelela.

ngosuku Memorial

Ngowe-1995, oko yamkela umthetho federal, njengako leyo ibhiyozelwa ngoJanuwari 27 - Usuku uzuko yomkhosi Russia (uSuku zokwaphula kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad). Ngo-2013, uMongameli basayine uxwebhu olutsha ngalo mhla. Ngekumlungele ukuba ebengazalwanga ezinye izinto malunga igama elitsha: Day of Military Glory labizwa ngokuba Usuku Liberation of iLeningrad ukusuka amaNazi.

27 Januwari - uphawu isibindi, ubunzima engakholelekiyo, idini kunye ubuqhawe njengoko amajoni Soviet, yaye abemi abaqhelekileyo. Amakhulu amawaka abantu ebewalwela eLeningrad, bawongwa iimbasa eyahlukeneyo karhulumente. 486 Abantu baqalisa ukunxiba isikhundla eliphezulu Hero eSoviet Union, kunye ezisibhozo kubo - kabini.

lokudela zomkhosi

Nangona ukuba logama nje ukuba bekukho ezi ziganeko ezibuhlungu ezenzeka ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-70, umxholo kwikomkhulu yomntla kwafa nangoku ekusukeleni kuphikiswana. Ezinye izazinzulu ezopolitiko kunye mbali ucingela ukuba xa Stalin kolawulo yileyo wavumela ngoko anikezele umzi amajoni aseJamani kwaye Finnish, akwaze ukuphepha loo imibingelelo ezingeyomfuneko kwi inxalenye abahlali, kunye 27 Januwari - ngemini inkululeko epheleleyo iLeningrad - ngeke buhlungu kangangokuba kwimbali lizwe.

Besithi, abantu balibale ukuba ikomkhulu Northern yaba emkhosini ubalulekileyo kunye nenjongosenzi qhinga. isiwo sayo wayeza imiphumo noqhekeko ngokuqinisekileyo ziye zabangela kungachaphazela kwisiphumo imfazwe. Isibakala sokuba iLeningrad zisehlabathini ngokwayo imikhosi olukhulu utshaba, nto leyo iqela wemikhosi "North". Emva capturing umzi, ekufuneka ezisiwe umkhosi waseJamani ukuba ahlasele eMoscow okanye ukoyisa zaseCaucasus. Ukongeza, kule meko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo into yokuziphatha, njengoko ukulahleka iLeningrad uyakuthoba kakhulu umoya kuphela abantu Soviet, kodwa i-Red Army iyonke.

Izicwangciso ze Germany kunye namahlakani ayo

ubunkokheli lwamaNazi azikho nje ngokubala phambili kokuba kuthinjwe wamajoni, iziko kwezopolitiko mveliso ezinkulu eSoviet Union, nto leyo isixeko Neva. Kucetywa ukuba atshabalalise ngokupheleleyo iLeningrad. Kunye nobungqina oku ungeno kwi kwidayari yakhe, eyenzwe Ligosa eliyintloko le Army Staff Frantsem Galderom Jamani. Yathi ukuba uHitler wakhupha isigqibo ocacile kwi eMoscow naseLeningrad, apho imfuneko 'alinganayo, bona ndawonye nehlabathi. " Le mizi abaninzi abantu ukugcina kunye kwalusa amaJamani abayi.

Ngaphandle eFinland bathi kummandla Leningrad lonke, yaye uHitler wathembisa ukuba ndimnike ngokukhawuleza yokutshabalalisa ndawo. Kwakhona ayekholelwa ukuba umsebenzi esi sixeko eninzi yabantu ayikho inzuzo, njengoko isitokhwe ukutya elikhulu enjalo abanayo. Kule kwisigqibo sokuba "baseYurophu ephucukile", abandinyelise ngawo amaJamani kunye eFinland zaye kuqwalaselwa yaye wacela ukuba ngokupheleleyo isixeko eSoviet kunye nabantu bayo yindlala ekufeni.

Enoba lwalunjani, kodwa uloyiso olukhulu sele iphunyelelwe, yaye loo yeholide noMhla kwesiqalekiso kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad (1944, Januwari 27), kukho, kunye nabantu khumbula imibingelelo ubunzima yi eli lizwe ngenxa uhlaselo abahlaseli German zwilakhe kunye namahlakani azo.