Golgi complex

Golgi complex yafunyanwa ngama Kamillo Goldzhi ngo-1898. Esi sakhiwo eqhutywa kukho icytoplasm of (components eziphezulu eziphilayo) phantse yonke eukaryotic zonke iiseli, ingakumbi iiseli secretory ezilwanyaneni.

Golgi complex. Isakhiwo.

Ulwakhiwo i esitoreni atshabalalisa iingxowa ngena kwiseli. Ewe kuthiwa nasemigodini. Le mfumba kweengxowa lu dityanisiwe inkqubo vesicles (amaqamza Golgi). ngokuqhubekayo kwenzeka ukuyilwa amatsha vesicles amatanki fusion ukuba ityatyambile na ukususela reticulum endoplasmic (nemingxuma network) ukusuka kwenye ngokufumba ekupheleni bhegi. Ukusuka kwesinye nokwanda epheleleyo kunye amaqamza ukunyibilika kwakhona ekupheleni ofanayo mfumba ukuya kumacala yangaphakathi yitanki. Ngenxa yoko kukho intshukumo chu le amatanki iinduli kwicala ngaphakathi ukusuka kwicala elingaphandle.

Ubume itanki kwenzeka ekukhuleni iiprotheni ukuya secretion kweziyi transmembrane plasma inwebu iiproteni of lysosomes kunye nabanye. arhente esivuthiweyo kunqwenela organelles nangendlela ecwangciswe kakuhle ngokulandelelana Tank. Kubo kukho Intwana yokukhwabusha lokugqibela iiprothini kunye noqwalaselo zabo - phosphorylation kunye glycosylation.

plant cells luphawulwa inani dictyosomes ngamnye (ifake). Xa iiseli zezilwanyana basoloko ngokufumba ezininzi eqhagamshelwe iityhubhu okanye ntshunxekile enkulu.

Izixhobo (complex) Golgi iqulethe yangamacandelo amane: uthungelwano kwelentshona ye-Golgi, izixhobo kaKishe-Golgi, Trans-Golgi kunye namajelo eendaba Golgi. Xa isakhiwo iqhotyoshelwe ukuba i gumbi eliphakathi (kummandla separate). Yena bubonakaliswe beqokelela vesicles inwebu phakathi reitkulumom kunye kaKishe-Golgi.

yonke izixhobo i organelle polymorphic kakhulu (multiform). Nokuba kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwiseli enye ye Golgi unelungelo jonga eyahlukileyo.

izixhobo ezahlukeneyo asymmetry. Ibekwe kufutshane itanki yeseli isiqalo (kaKishe-Golgi) ziqulathe iiproteni kakhulu akuqolanga. Kuba kwamatanki ukuba vesicles gqolo ndizayo eqhotyoshelweyo - vesicles. Xa kwamatanki ezahlukeneyo equlathe enzyme abahlala ezahlukeneyo (encedisa ukuqalisa), nto leyo ebonisa ukuba bavela kwiproteni ivuthwa iinkqubo gqolo ezahlukeneyo.

Golgi complex. Umsebenzi.

Iinjongo lwesakhiwo ziquka iikhemikhali ukulungiswa kunye nezothutho kwezinto ningena kuwo. Neeproteni zingene izixhobo ukusuka reticulum endoplasmic ke zeendawana soqupho ye enzyme. Ezayo ingqondo kanye ukuguqulwa enzyme vesicles abathuthwayo ukuya kwisiza echongiweyo. Umzekelo, oku kusenokuba indawo ukuyilwa amathupha ezintsha. Ngenxa inxaxheba kwinkqubo microtubules transfer cytoplasmic kakhulu esebenzayo.

izixhobo Golgi wenza umsebenzi wombane of moieties carbohydrate kwiiproteni kunye nokusetyenziswa koko kwezi iiproteni ekwakhiweni inwebu kunye lysosomes ziiseli.

Xa ulwelwe ethile Yindibanisela ngesakhiwo yesixhobo Imisonto cellulosic.

Golgi imisebenzi enzima kakhulu zahlukene. Phakathi kwabo kumele ziphawuliwe:

1. Yokuhlela, ukupheliswa, ukuqokelelana iimveliso secretory.
2. Ukuqhubeka molecule lipid kunye ukubunjwa lipoproteins.
3. Ukugqitywa protein loguqulelo (posttranslational) ezifana glycosylation, sulphation kunye nezinye.
4. Ukwenziwa lysosomes.
5. Uthatho-nxaxheba ekubunjweni acrosome.
6. Le polysaccharide yomntu ukuyilwa amafutha, glycoproteins, mucilages, iintsini, izinto isizalo iindonga iseli ye izityalo (pectins, isiHindi, kunye nabanye).
7. Contractile vacuole uluhlu elula.
8. iseli plate uluhlu plant cells emva kolwahlulo le ngumongo.