Yintoni oluxhaphake kwaye "oko badle?"

Impendulo umbuzo ukuba ikho kwiJografi, umzekelo, fumana iya kuba nzima kunene, kodwa kungcono ukuba biology kwaye ukuqwalasela le ngcamango kwicala eziphilayo.

Inkcazelo, incazelo, ezisoloko zikho

sendawo ebizwa iintlobo - abameli zombini enezityalo nezilwanyana ezihlala iindawo bodwa ngokufanelekileyo okanye kwiindawo ezithile. Amaxesha amaninzi ezi ndawo ngabo iimeko zokusingqongileyo okanye zejografi ndahlula kwakutshabalala ihlabathi. Ukongeza, iindawo data luphawulwa zokuhlala wolondolozo, ie ezo apho iimeko ngobukho beentlobo ezisoloko zikho awuyitshintshanga ixesha elide.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi yoluntu ezininzi kweentlobo namhlanje zezityalo nezilwanyana lihamba ngendlela inxalenye ezinqabileyo okanye zikho, ekhuthaza abantu ukuba ukuseka iipaki zesizwe kunye neendawo ukwenzela ukugcina nokwandisa abemi izilwanyana eseleyo. Kobuntu kunzima ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na esoloko ikho nekamva lethu. Iintlobo ezininzi ebiqaliswe kwicandelo esoloko ikho, kokukhona siya umda zokuhlala kwabo, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo kulungiselela amakoloni kufana.

ngezigaba ziintlobo ezisoloko zikho

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iintlobo ezisoloko zikho ezihlala kummandla ezinkqantosini enye kuphela (iWelwitschia emangalisayo, njengokuntshula kuphela kwi Namib Intlango), Island enye okanye enye kummango (kukho zenyathi ingcungcu oluhlala phezu kwentaba Chimborazo enye, ibekwe Umzantsi Melika), ebizwa uzkoendemichnymi. Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na esoloko ikho ukuze ekugqibeleni, kufuneka bawuqhele zokuhlela basic, apho iintlobo ezinjalo zahlulwe neoendemics (phambili zikho) kunye paleoendemikov (relict zikho).

Neoendemics ebizwa loo zohlaza eziphilayo (iintlobo), awathi enxuseneyo "ekhaya" yayo, kodwa kwindawo esemagqagaleni, umzekelo kwiziqithi kude amazwekazi. Umzekelo, eMadagascar 65% kwezityalo ibandakanya iintlobo zikho, e Hawaii, inani labo lanyuka ukuya kwi-90%. Kwakhona, ezi ziquka ezinye iintlobo abahlala eCrimea, phezu kolwandle, Seychelles, kwisiqithi Saint Helena, Isles yaseBritani, njl Kwaye, kakade, ukuba uthethe njani into esoloko ikho, ukuba singasathethi abameli ezaziwayo-kakuhle ..: kangaroos kunye koalas. Baya kuza infraclass ehlala kuphela eOstreliya.

Paleoendemikami uhlobo olufanayo bavela ngenxa ekutshabalaleni phantse ngokupheleleyo nabo iinxalenye enkulu parameter babo bangaphambili. Yokutyiwa ezi abameli bamandulo asinda, ikakhulu ngenxa ukuzikhetha ngokucokisekileyo ukusuka phambili ngakumbi. Relict Iintlobo ezisoloko zikho badla ngokuba iifosili eziphilileyo, ekubeni abameli eziyintloko amaqela amakhulu, owayephila kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo. Ezi ziquka fish crossopterygian (coelacanth) izirhubuluzi klyuvogolovye (Tuatara), iingwenya, no kwikala intsimbi yehashe, lungfish (protopter) monotremes (irhamba platypus) kunye t. D.

esingapheliyo America

North America azifani wayo kweentlobo zikho kufuna ingqalelo. Enye iintlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zezityalo sokubandakanyeka ezinjalo kwaye ibekwe kwi kummandla we-United States, ngumthi omkhulu umsequoia, ngamnye abameli apho abantu balapha igama nkqu ngamagama abo. Xa iintlobo zezityalo ezisoloko zikho nayo iquka nompleyini lwaseBalfour, tansy Huron, pachycormus discolor ezimibalabala, Obregon de negri kunye t. D. Ukusuka izilwanyana ziyakwazi ukuchongeka ihlabathi esingapheliyo Intshona Melika ihlathi buffalo, Pumas, ibhere abamnyama baseMelika, Mississippi aligeyitha, kwaye పుస్తకం iNcwadi (ifikelela ubude 20 cm) kunye California condor.

Izimvu - i lenani eSiberia

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na ikho Lake izimvu, kufuneka uqaphele kuphela ukuba izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zonke chibi 65% luqulathe iintlobo zikho. Ngoko ke, apha kwiintlobo eziphilayo 2600 kunye zenyathi kancinane ngaphezulu kwe 1000 zohlaza, malunga 95 kwisizukulwana, malunga 10 iintsapho bangamalungu eli hlabathi ikho. Enye edumileyo ebezisoloko Lake izimvu nga ngokuba izimvu itywina (itywina), enye yamanzi kuphela iintlobo itywina ehlabathini. Kwakhona iquka edikeni iintlobo ezisoloko zikho kunye neentsapho: golomyanka, zheltokrylye (deep iintlanzi zolwandle) omul Baikalian (Salmonidae usapho) epishura Baikalian (intlanzi, ukufikelela kumyinge ubukhulu malunga 1.5-2 mm) yaye, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, uphawu Baikalian.