Ziziphi nyaka yaba Ice?

Enye amaphepha aqaqambe kwimbali Russian, nto leyo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi Iyandonwabisa ingqalelo yamakhwenkwe kunye ngembali abanomdla - i Battle of the Ice, okanye Battle of Lake Peipus. Kulo edabini amajoni Russian ukusuka kwizixeko ezimbini Novgorod kunye Vladimir, ikhokelwa abaselula Alexander Nevski, sele ababethwala lesiqhulo Nevsky oyisa nabaphumi-Order Livonian.

Ziziphi nyaka yaba Ice? I-Battle of Lake Chud kwenzeka Aprili 5, 1242. Yaba kwidabi kwi imfazwe nxamnye iingalo uMyalelo, phantsi neyenkolo ukusasazeka ukholo lwabo geni imihlaba emitsha ngokwabo. Hi ndlela leyi, malunga nale imfazwe isoloko ubizwa ngokuba imfazwe amaJamani, Noko ke, oko akunjalo. I-Order Livonian yayimi eUnited lweBaltic. Ukubunjwa babemise enyanisweni le Knights neqembu yakhe, akhonze zabo kunye wamajoni Danish kwisizwe Chud, iminyanya Estonia mihla. Ke igama elithi "isiJamani" ngaloo mihla ngokuba abo musa ukuthetha Russian.

Le mfazwe yaphela phezu emkhenkceni of Lake Chud, yaqala ngo 1240, kwaye ekuqaleni ngeke baba kwicala Livonians: bethathwa ukuba izixeko ezifana Pskov kunye Izhora. Emva koko, abahlaseli baqalisa ukumbamba ezweni Novgorod. Ide Novgorod zifika km ezingama-30. Ndimele ndithi ukuba ixesha Alexander Yaroslavovich ulawula Pereslavl-Zalessky, apho kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahambe Novgorod. -40 eminyaka emva kwexesha, abahlali isixeko ekuthiwa Prince umva, yaye akazange engazibaleli kunye izikhalazo ubudala, wakhokela amajoni Novgorod.

Sele 1241, ayibileyo inkoliso Livonians of Novgorod kunye Pskov. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1242 ukususela iingalo Livonian uMyalelo inqaba, idolophu Dorpat, wakhululwa iyunithi sokuhlola. Iikhilomitha ezili-18 ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala, badibana neqela Rus. Yaba ngamava encinane, nto leyo wahamba phambi kokuba imikhosi eziphambili Prince Alexander Nevsky. Ngenxa uloyiso lula, le Knights icawa ukuba bakholelwe ukuba amandla engundoqo iya kuba nako ukuphumelela kulula. Kungenxa yoko le nto beye bagqiba ukunika kwidabi.

Towards Nevsky weza zonke iimbasa umkhosi ukhokelwa iNkosi. Ukusuka imikhosi Novgorod badibana Lake Chud. Yemihla ukuphawula ukuba Ice yayikufuphi ngamatye Raven, ke, ukuba ukufumanisa kanye apho Kwathi, engasetyenziswa mbali. Kukho uguqulelo ukuba idabi kwenzeka kufuphi siqithi, ethi namhla kuthiwa amahlungulu. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ilitye Amahlungulu ngokuba amatye, ngoku umhlaba ophantsi kweempembelelo umoya namanzi lwaba yelitye. Kwaye ezinye mbali ngokusekelwe yemihla Prussia, ocacisa ukuba kartel abafileyo wawa ingca, kuphothulwe ukuba idabi okunene kwenzeka kufuphi nonxweme, ukuze ndithethe, phakathi kweengcongolo.

Knights ke ihagu lakhe siko emgceni. Eli gama kwavela kwakusakhiwa zokulwa, apho bonke abantu ababuthathaka babekwa phakathi, kwaye ngaphambili kunye emihlubulweni abakhwele yawo nesigqubuthelo. Nevsky Kwakhona wadibana iintshaba zabo, akuba wakha imikhosi yakhe lingenamandla, oko kukuthi elihamba ukuze emfazweni, ebizwa izithende. War umgca ngathi ileta V ongumRoma, inotshi phambili. Owayelutshaba imfazwe yaba yinxalenye yale elitywinwe, yaye ngoko nangoko bazibona phakathi imigca emibini iintshaba.

Ngenxa yoko, Alexander Yaroslavovich wabeka kartel ende, endaweni komjikelo wabo noloyiso ngokusebenzisa amabutho esitha. Zibandakanyeke wayesilwa abahlaseli nomkhosi kuhlaselwa nelisemihlubulweni kakhulu imikhosi exhobileyo esandleni asekhohlo nasekunene. Le ithuba kwimisitho wabo engalindelekanga ngokupheleleyo, kwaye behlazekile Baqala siphumele, yaye emva kwethutyana nje ukubaleka ignominiously. Kule mzuzu kumlo weza samahashe abalaleli butho.

Russian ngemoto imbangi bakhe Lake Peipsi. Kukholelwa ukuba ngeli xesha yongungelwano utshaba waya phantsi ngumkhenkce. Yanwenwa ecinga ukuba oku kubangelwe izixhobo enzima le Knights. Kuyinto elungileyo, ukuba kuthi ukuba oku akunjalo. Heavy plate izikhali Knights yasungulwa amakhulu ezimbalwa kamva. Ngenkulungwane XIII, iingalo zabo zange kwahluka iingalo prince ekungxoleni Russian nesigcina, ikhonkco imeyile, isifuba, amagxa, zeembande kunye bracers. Ewe, kwaye nezixhobo wayengekho bonke. Yahlulekile njengoko ice kartel sizathu eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Yezizathu Nevsky wawagxotha ukuba inxalenye edikeni apho, ngenxa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ngumkhenkce ayizange ndomelele njengokuba kwezinye iindawo.

Kukho ezinye iinguqulelo. Ezinye izibakala, eyile ukuba kartel irekhodi zitshonile ibonakala kuphela yemihla ukususela ngenkulungwane XIV, kwaye abo enziwe kwi izithende yalo akukho lizwi, nokuba emazantsi kwedike nangoku sele bangabi sakufumana imikhondo kartel yoMyalelo Livonian, kucebisa ukuba oku nje banentsomi omhle, oku kungenanto yakwenza yokwenene.

Yiba ukuba kunjalo, i-Battle kwi-Ice phezu ukoyiswa epheleleyo yoMyalelo. We kusindiswa kuphela ngabo wayivala le nkqubo, oko kukuthi, inkosi ngokwakhe kunye nabanye neqembu yakhe. Kamva, uxolo zaqukunjelwa inzuzo kakhulu iimeko Russia. Abahlaseli nethe onke amabango kuwo umzi oyiswe, yaye wayeka ukulwa. Imida emiselwe ngelo xesha, baba esasebenza kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela.

Ngoko ke, kucacile ukuba Battle of the Ice ngo-1242 wayengqina ukongama amajoni Russian kunye nobuchule ukulwa Russian, amaqhinga kunye namacebo yaseYurophu.