Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi: ifoto. Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo eSoviet Union neJamani, iMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Inkwili fleet yaba yinxalenye Navy of kumazwe awahlukeneyo sele ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. imisebenzi Development entsimini inkwili baqalisa kudala ngaphambi kokuqala kwalo, kodwa ke kuphela emva kokuba 1914 zaye zagqitywa Iimfuno iimpawu yokusebenza ulawulo lwezithuthi ngayo ii nkwili. Imeko ephambili apho bakwazi ukusebenza, kwaba cwaka. Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kubume kunye nemigaqo amanyathelo yahlukile kangako ababengaphambi kwabo eminyaka edlulileyo. Umahluko noshowo ngokuqhelekileyo kukugcina ezintsha zobugcisa abathile yasungulwa 20 kunye 30 kweeyunithi kunye lokubolekwa, nokuphucula iimpawu navigability nangamandla.

lweenqanawa ezintywilayo German phambi kwempi

Imigaqo iSivumelwano Versailles akazange avumele Germany ukwakha iintlobo ezininzi iinqanawa ukwenza nesinqanawa yinxalenye. Kweli xesha pre-imfazwe, uziba ebekwe zamazwe 1918 Allied komlinganiselo, zalapho waseJamani kunjalo ngomhla elinesihlanu lweenqanawa ezintywilayo yeklasi ocean (U-25, U-26, U-37, U-64, njalo njalo). ukubana zabo phezu kwaba 700 neetoni. lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezincinci (iitoni 500) kwi-mali lamaqhosha 24. (Uzibalile U-44) kunye iiyunithi 32 sigudle-konxweme uluhlu abo efanayo kwaye iqulathe ukuxhasa i Krigsmarine ukufuduka amandla. Bonke bephela axhobileyo izixhobo isaphetha kunye neetyhubhu inomzimba (idla 4 isaphetha ungqongqo 2).

Ngoko ke, nangona iindlela ezininzi ingqongqo, ngo-1939, nixhobe Navy German iqulethe ii nkwili kakhulu mihla. IMfazwe Yehlabathi II nangoko emva yaqala lubonise ukusebenza eliphezulu le udidi izixhobo.

Imizamo aseBrithani

Britain wathabatha kwakhe kuqala kukaHitler umatshini imfazwe. Eyona nto ingaqhelekanga kukuba, eli gosa ubukhosi kakhulu kakhulu ingozi ezibangelwe Zempi waseJamani kunye cruisers. Xa amava kwembambano ngomlinganiselo omkhulu lwangaphambili, babecinga ukuba usasazo ngwenya baya kuqingqwa babe zinomtya emxinwa noko zonxweme, kwaye akayi kuba ozibonayo enkulu ingxaki.

Kwathi kanti, nangona kunjalo, ukuba German U-izikhephe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kungaba isixhobo kuyingozi ngaphezu fleet komhlaba. Imizamo ukuba iseke kwafa yomkhosi wamanzi zonxweme esemantla akuphumelelanga. Ngosuku lokuqala enqanaweni imfazwe "Athenia" waye torpedoed kwaye yazika ophethe moya "Koreydzhes" Septemba 17, lo moya apho amaBritane wayenethemba ukusebenzisa njengendlela eyiyo ASW. isenzo Block "Imiqulu Ingcuka" Admiral Lusifa ayikwazanga ukuphatha, benzé ndibhalile. October 14, 1939, ngwenya U-47 waya emanzini isiseko Royal waseManzini kwi kaCapa Flow, kwaye ukusuka kwindawo kumphezulu torpedoed wempi kubambelela "Royal Oak". INkundla wafa yonke imihla.

Khwezi ikrele nesihlangu Britain

Ngo-1940, amaJamani avunyelwa ukuya ezantsi iinqanawa IsiNgesi kunye yeetoni elipheleleyo tonnes ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezibini. Kwakubonakala ukuba lwaseBritani ntlekele kunqandwa. Inzala-mbali yemihla ebalisa ngendima edlalwa lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Le film "I-Battle of the Atlantic" ubalisa ibali kumzabalazo kolawulo, loo emikhulu olwandle, nto leyo ke ngokunikezela amazwe alwayo. Yilwa "iingcuka" Lusifa kwakunzima, kodwa zonke msebenzi umngeni isigqibo igcwele, kwafunyanwa ngeli xesha. Impumelelo endle radar uya babone abangaboniyo nje kuphela, koko ukubonakala unothi, uthi esekude, le ngwenya waseJamani.

I-Second World War zazingekafiki isigaba yayo incopho, waba April 1941, kodwa zitshone yi ngwenya U-110. Yena waye ixhoba yokugqibela abo Hitler waqalisa ukulwa.

Yintoni uSnorkel?

Ukususela kanye uhlaselo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo abayili baye bahlola embodiments ezahlukeneyo amandla nikeza mveliso. Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, luqhutywa yi-injini yombane, yaye phezu komhlaba - injini diesel. Eyona ngxaki inkulu ethintela ulondolozo emfihlekweni, kwakusekho imfuneko okuveza ngamathuba athile ukuze uyitshaje iibhetri. Kwaba ngexesha lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ahlale kunyanzeleka bayinyama, bakwazi ukubona moya kunye radars. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko, oko basungula ekuthiwa uSnorkel. Lo umbhobho ezisenokwandiswa ngokusebenzisa apho gumbi-diesel engena umoya esesibhakabhakeni ezifunekayo ukutshiswa amafutha kwaye lisusa irhasi zeemoto.

uSnorkel lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Isicelo wanceda ukunciphisa ilahleko, kodwa ukongeza baba radars kunye nezinye iindlela bhaqwa, ezifana sonar.

Innovation is zishiywe

Nangona izinto ezicacileyo, baxhotyiswa kunye uSnorkel kuphela German U-izikhephe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. ESoviet Union kunye namanye amazwe ukuba ishiywe fyabo ingakhathalelwanga, nangona iimeko namava zokuboleka zaba. Ekukholelwa ukuba Abakhi yokuqala Dutch wasebenzisa uSnorkel, kodwa siyazi ukuba, izixhobo ezifanayo 1925 eyenzelwe yi-Italian injineli emkhosini Ferretti, kodwa yayekwa le ngcingane. Ngowe-1940, i-Netherlands lahlaselwa iJamani yamaNazi, kodwa ubuciko bayo inkwili (iiyunithi 4) kwafuneka ukuba baphume UK. Apho, kakhulu, akazange siluxabise oku, Kakade ke, isixhobo oyifunayo. USnorkel lidilizwe, bewagqala isixhobo esiyingozi kakhulu kwaye athandabuzekayo eluncedo.

Okunye revolution izisombululo zobugcisa lweenqanawa ezintywilayo abakhi zange ukuyisebenzisa. Iibhetri ngcono izixhobo uqononondise, inkqubo umoya ngokutsha zaphucuka, kodwa isimiso isixhobo ingaguqukanga ngwenya.

Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, eSoviet Union

Photo heroes severomortsev Lunin, Marinesco, Starikov eziprintiweyo amaphephandaba kuphela Soviet, kodwa amazwe. Ngwenya baba ngamagorha ababekho ngokwenene. Ukongeza, neengqwayi iyimpumelelo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Soviet baba ziintshaba zakho Adolf Hitler, yaye akuyomfuneko ingqalelo ngcono kubo.

A indima enkulu emfazweni yomkhosi wamanzi eyathi yabhuqa kwiilwandle emantla nohehema lwesitya sokuhlambela Sea Black, badlala le ngwenya Soviet. IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaqala ngo-1939, yaye ngowe-1941, iJamani yamaNazi wahlasela USSR. Ngelo xesha, izithuthi inkwili kwezikhali yethu bezibandakanya iintlobo ezisisiseko:

1. PL "Decembrists". Series (ngaphandle isihloko iiyunithi ezimbini nangaphezulu - "Narodovolets ne" I-Red ") yasungulwa ngo-1931. nokususwa ngokupheleleyo - iitoni 980.
2. "L" series - "Leninist." Draft 1936 ngonyaka ukubana - iitoni ezingama 1400, inqanawa bexhobele tas ezintandathu torpedoes Ammo 12 no-20 imigodi ulwandle, imipu ezimbini (ngeempumlo - 100 mm kunye ezidla - 45 mm).
3. "R-XIII» series kunye ukubana kweetoni 1,200 abantu.
4. Uthotho "ni" ( "Pike") kunye ukubana iitoni 580.
5. "C" uthotho 780 m, a TA-abaxhobileyo ezintandathu nemipu ezimbini - 100 mm kunye 45 mm.
6. "K" series. Ukubana - 2200 t kwe 1938 godu ngwenya, ukuphuhlisa isantya amaqhina 22 (surface position) kunye amaqhina 10 (indawo kwamanzi.). Boat ocean eklasini. Amathandathu inomzimba abaxhobileyo (6 TA ngeempumlo no buyo 4).
7. "M" series - "Baby". Ukubana - ukusuka m 200 ukuya kuma-250 (kuxhomekeka ukuguqulwa). Iiprojekthi 1932 no-1936, TA 2, ukuzimela - kwiiveki ezi-2.

"Baby"

Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo "M" series zezona indawo U-izikhephe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II eSoviet Union. Le film "Soviet Navy. Victory Chronicle "ubalisa ibali indlela elizukileyo amaqela amaninzi nobuchule bokusebenzisa iimpawu Ukuphathwa ezizodwa yezi nqanawa, kunye nobukhulu yabo. Ngamanye amaxesha abathetheli ikwazile ngokuzola ukusondela utshaba isiseko kakuhle akhuselwe bemke intshutshiso. "Baby" ube nokuhanjiswa ngololiwe kunye edadayo kuLwandle Black and East Far.

On belingana amancedo kuthotho "M" lowo, Kakade, nezingeloncedo, kodwa ngaphandle kwabo akukho zixhobo epheleleyo: a ukuzimela emfutshane, torpedoes amabini kuphela xa ingekho imfuyo, kuxinana kunye neemeko edinayo yenkonzo enxulumene ambalwa aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Ezi bunzima akuzange kubathintele ngwenya yobuqhawe lokuphumelela i uloyiso umxhelo ngenxa yotshaba.

Kumazwe ahlukeneyo,

izixa umdla apho lweenqanawa ezintywilayo iMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwinkonzo kunye navies amazwe ahlukeneyo phambi kokuba imfazwe. Njengoko ka 1939, i-fleet likhulu lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ukuba USSR (iiPC kwama-200.), Waza waphumelela yi enamandla Italian ngwenya fleet (ngaphezu iiyunithi kwekhulu), indawo yesithathu ilawulwa eFransi (86 iiPC.), Elesine - UK (69), i yesihlanu - Japan (65) kunye yesithandathu - Germany (57). Ekuhambeni imfazwe wayitshintsha ukulingana kwamandla, kwaye uluhlu phantse emgceni ukuze reverse (ngaphandle inani nkwili Soviet). Ukongeza bewuhlisele emanzini kwi shipyards zethu ndakukhupha Soviet Navy kunye ngwenya yakhiwa eNgilani, nto leyo yaba yinxalenye kwiBaltic izithuthi emva ukulawula of Estonia ( "uLembit", 1935).

emva kwemfazwe,

Idabi wafa phantsi emhlabeni, emoyeni, phezu kwamanzi kunye ngaphantsi kwalo. Iminyaka emininzi, iSoviet "Pike" yaye "Baby" waqhubeka ukulwela lizwe ekhaya, yaye ngoko ke zasetyenziselwa ukuqeqesha kabini yomkhosi wamanzi yezikolo zomkhosi. Abanye baye zesikhumbuzo kunye iimyuziyam, ezinye ngumhlwa phezu kwamangcwaba ii nkwili.

Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo emva kwemfazwe, phantse akazange inxaxheba impi ukuba ukuthatha rhoqo ezenzeka ehlabathini. Kwakukho iingxaki zasekuhlaleni, maxa wambi yaba imfazwe esinzulu, kodwa lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zange ukulwa umsebenzi. Baya ekubeni ngasese ngakumbi, ihamba cwaka ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa mboleko eziye zafunyanwa physics yenyukliya Inkululeko mda.