Imbali Aviation kunye nophuhliso. nabaqambi moya Famous

Khawucinge ihlabathi lanamhlanje ngaphandle moya kunye moya engenakwenzeka. Ukuba elinye asethi ibalulekileyo phakathi izinto boluntu, -moya wazalwa ngenxa umnqweno sisiphango abantu ukuba amaphiko emva kwakhe. Ngokuqinisekileyo ookhokho bethu waphupha iphupha ukundiza. Ancome iintaka neengalo ndinabile, bazimisa nabo. Nenkwenkwe ekholelwa ngenene ubukho bezixhobo flying kwamnandi, ngokwenene unomona amaqhawe iintsomi. Amaphupho yinyaniso kuphela emva ngewaka - xa kukho imali eyaneleyo ulwazi lwenzululwazi. Amava bufunyenwe ngethuba leentsuku ezininzi imizamo ethe yenziwa yi umdali-moya yokuqala yehlabathi kunye ngamalungu alo, kwaba luncedo kulo mhla wethu.

indlela Ornithopter kokuqala

Ngenkulungwane XV, uLeonardo da Vinci wayeqinisekile ukuba umntu boyise ukumelana nomoya, inamandla avuke emoyeni. Ukuze bamncede oku kuya kuba amaphiko enkulu. Izibalo kunye nokufunda eneenkcukacha moya lentaka kwakhokelela ukuba ingcamango yokudala isixhobo esifana engenayo. ULeonardo da Vinci wazama ukuphumeza lo mbono, leyo waphefumlela uhlabamanzi yakhe eqhelekileyo.

Inyaniso yokuba bume umoya ke idla ngokuba "ulwandle yesihlanu", ndivile kwabaninzi, kodwa inkcazo le walithiywa liciko awukwazi ukunika yonke into. Imbali Aeronautics and ngenqwelomoya ukhumbula ukuba phakathi bathandi abafuna ukoyisa elibala ayaziwa, kwakukho abathetheli emininzi imikhumbi. Mhlawumbi bayathanda ukufunda nezithuba unexplored, kodwa bazilahla umva le romance, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba oomatrose wayenolwazi enkulu yezixhobo zobugcisa entsonkothileyo bakwazi ukulawula frigates ezinkulu. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungakwazi ukulungisa okanye ukwakha inqanawe entsha ngaphandle kobunzima. Ngoko ke, amava oomatiloshe obungcali luncedo kwinkqubo wokudala yokuqala esingazihambeliyo off izixhobo emhlabeni.

Modern yoluntu zomkhosi eyama, ogama imbali osisityebi ezahlukeneyo amalinge, walityhutyha neemvakalelo sibe nokuxakaniseka, kulahlekelwa bubomi kunye nokuvula amathuba amatsha.

Ukubonakala neziwuza yokuqala

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX kwakukho neziwuza yokuqala non-amandla. Bexelisa kwiintaka, nabasunguli wanika izidalwa zakhe imilo efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, lo moya wokuqala bengakwazi ukufumana zintshula kuloo ukusetyenziswa, kuba umnqweno ukuchola eningenakukholwa ixesha wayila khange jize ngempumelelo.

Ke waphoswa eliweni, waqengqela phantsi Ndisezindulini, babeyigqobhozile ngoncedo yamahashe, kodwa, akukho nto ukuzama yiko, bakwazi ukuba ababhali iprojekthi yokuqala yagqitywa emoyeni ukwenza imbali, apho kamva fumene igama "mboni" indlela.

Imbali ukhumbula ngowe-1857 lo matiloshe yokuqala Jean-Marie Les Brie, ngubani ikwazile ukuba uphakamise engenayo esibhakabhakeni, ukuqhekeza ukuphakama imitha-100. "Albatross" (ngoko ke wabiza bamangaliswa yakhe zobugcisa), ngokuxhomekeka kwicala umoya kwanokuxinana inginginya zezulu, kwafuneka ukuba iphaphazela 200 eemitha.

impumelelo Mozhaiskogo

Aviation Russian sibe nebhongo into yokuba gosa kwizithuthi yokumkani wakwazi ukwakha-moya wokuqala mayixhotyiswe injini umphunga, leyo alishiye phezu komhlaba kunye nabahlali umntu wayo. UMdali wamnika igama ethembisayo - ". Vozduholetatelny iqokobhe" Engqonge xesha bachukunyiswa moya: ubude Iphiko malunga nama-24 eemitha, lo fuselage imalunga-15 leemitha. Aleksandr Mozhaysky - ngumdali-moya yokuqala yehlabathi - wakhohlwa ukugqiba umsebenzi. Kodwa nophuhliso zawo ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo Aeronautics.

Ngokwemfanelo abazalwana American Wright

Eqonda ukuba lo kufutshane lwempumelelo, abacebi engcono kwihlabathi baxhomekeke ngamava discoverers zangaphambili. Ngaphandle usehlisa iingalo kunye search rhoqo kwezona zimvo, bazama ukwenza umatshini luphaphazela kukhanya sibe nentembelo imfuneko yonikezelo yayo injini enamandla ngakumbi. Noko ke, ulawulo isixhobo enamaphiko wonder ayikho bonke. Eyona njongo ephambili nje ukubhabha. kuwo ezinjalo kwafa abantu Otto Lilienthal. Ngowe-1896, isiwuza bakhe bayityekisela ukusuka ifuthe ibhudlwa ezibukhali nomoya, kwaye umatshini lungqubene ukusuka ephakamileyo. Ngoko ke, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe nje kuphela moya odumileyo, kodwa abo bakwaziyo ukungenisa -moya yokuqala.

Bratya Rayt, abacebi America, bakwazi ukufunda izakhono ezibalulekileyo yokuba ulingo kwaye ubambe yentsalela kufanelekile moya emoyeni port. Ubuhle bokuba uyilo yaba injini okuthe eyehlayo ipetroli. Ngaphandle kokuba lo moya ufana kangako moya mihla, kunoko, kwaba ngathi whatnot ephaphazelayo, kweekhilogram malunga 300 kg. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, uvavanyo lokuqala ngempumelelo "Flyer". Wahlala umoya imizuzwana 12, Bratya Rayt banikwa ukukhanya eluhlaza ukuba indoda bazinze ezulwini.

Aviation eRashiya: ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX

Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, ihlabathi lonke yazanyazanyiswa yi impumelelo baseMerika, kangangokuba indlela yophuhliso lwayo baqhubeka mboni. Imbali wakhankanya obumbeneyo izihloko, iifilimu wadubula izindawo umqhubi view Iintaka-iliso, iimpapasho ezizodwa ezinikelwe impumelelo mboni. Noko ke, uvavanyo lokuqala koomatshini jukwini ngokufanele ngokuthi daredevils. moya Russian, ngokutsho abameli bayo, waba ingqesho angakhululeki kwaye engakhuselekanga. Ngokomzekelo, xa kumanqaku eyaziwayo ixesha pilot, Boris Rossinsky na isincoko akhoyo kunye iinkumbulo iindiza. Phakathi zihlandlo ezingentle ngexesha esemoyeni wamkhumbula ngokukodwa ioli ukutshaya. Nomsi, umsi acrid wayenza nzima ukuphefumla ngokupheleleyo, ukuze ukuba ilinge ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha isicelo ammonia impumlo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukungabikho iziqhoboshi Aviator anyanzelwa ukuba tsibela ngaphandle elorini uhamba.

Ukudala Sikorsky - hero Russian

Ukususela bekusungulwa "Flyer" American wathabatha iminyaka eliqela, yaye kummandla yoBukhosi baseRashiya baye imveliso yasekhaya koomatshini eziphaphazelayo iye yamiselwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ke kwakukho moya umkhweli yokuqala, nto leyo uMdali Igor Sikorsky. uvumelana ngokupheleleyo igama layo zembali, "kulya Muromets" yaba ingxilimbela phakathi noontanga bakhe. Ukongeza, ingaphakathi ayesahluka iimeko unangoku ibonwe: okulala ezininzi, ukufumaneka langasese kunye lokuhlambela, umbane kunye ukufudumeza. uvavanyo lokuqala practical "iikulya Muromets" yabanjwa ebusika 1914. abakhweli ezilishumi elinesithandathu ehamba nenja kwibhodi ndafumana eninzi iimvakalelo ukusuka moya, emva koko i-moya wenza ngeenyawo zakhe. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, a iinqwelo- obutofotofo kwafuneka ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuhlaseleni abathatha inxaxheba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Rekhoda range Tupoleva

Mbovane-25 Legendary ise kwi yokuma imyuziyam Chkalovsky. Xa inqwelo-moya imangaliseke kwaye umbulelo zingabonakali ukuba amaphiko enkulu ebomvu. Omkhulu Russian moya umyili Andrei Tupolev bawongwa iimbasa ezininzi igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso Aviation.

Valery Chkalov, bendiza odumileyo yiSoviet ngo-1937 sakwazi ukumisa le yunithi irekhodi umgama ngokwenene. Kamva, imbovane-25 nje wathenga igama yesibini. Ukusuka eMoscow eVancouver umgama malunga 8500 km, kwaye ngumqondo moya Tupolev wakwazi ukoyisa kuyo umoya ofanayo.

IL2 tank Air

Il-2 waduma ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Waba besothusa ngamaNazi, njengoko umoya wokhuselo iphambili amajoni Soviet kwisiza edabini. Ukugubungela amajoni akhe ngemipu, imipu umatshini kunye imijukujelwa, wayiqhubela Army phambili. Enye yeenzuzo zayo ezicacileyo yaba isikrweqe ngamandla, nto leyo evumela abantu abalwa ukuba atshitshise ngokuhlasela utshaba eJamani. Ngenxa amandla moya kwabo mali womba wayoyisa ezinye kunoogxa bokulwa.

Ukuthobeka U-2

Ngu novalo yenkulungwane XX eSoviet Union yaba phambili abathungi moya wadala amaninzi ukulwa moya, kodwa hayi kuphela bayigcinise ukukhuselwa kwesibhakabhaka eSoviet.

Kunye nabo inxaxheba ngokulwa flying koomatshini eyenzelwe iinjongo uxolo. Phakathi kwabo indawo imbeko wathabatha U-2. Lo moya uqeqesho eqhelekileyo zazikhona izihlalo ezimbini, waba neze ahlekisayo ukusebenzisa bakwazi lomhlaba kujongwe le njongo. Ukongeza, lo moya kwaqondwa ukuba uphume kwayo tihost. Oku ukuba ngabaqhubi zomkhosi phantse noiselessly alawule ukuba utshaba kuvuthelwa emnyama isicelo.

Bazibalula edabini-1943, i-U-2 uye wafumana enjalo kunye negama elitsha. Xa ubuqaqawuli UNikolai Polikarpov, lo moya odumileyo, yonke isithuba yiSoviet, oko uqambe Po-2.

isiphelo

imbali Aviation Multi-amaninzi ene nangoku yokwenza imizekelo emihle kunye nokwakhiwa reference, kuquka okukunyusa ilungileyo, moya umphakathi Jets ukulwa.
Asikwazi athi malunga airliner ebukekayo Tu-144 1968 ngonyaka, i mlweli jet MIG-25 moya isithuba "Columbia" yaye "Buran". Enye impumelelo ebalulekileyo yaba ukusetyenziswa nkqubo izixhobo ezifana drones.

Ukuba umntu waphupha kanye apho ngenqwelo, umnqweno ukuphinda ngokoqobo musa ukumyekela ngonaphakade. Unga ukufeza iphupha yokuba nje moya umkhweli, okanye afumane imfundo efanelekileyo, ukuba aqhubeke ahlale umqhubi, okanye abe moya umyili enkulu.