Hitler weza ngamandla. Izizathu Hitler eqala ukubusa

Ekubeni ngokuzibulala Adolf Hitler eye phantse-70 iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, inani elo bala zezopolitiko nangoku umdla mbali abafuna ukuqonda indlela igcisa oselula eqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwemfundo babenokungena uhlanga German zibe kwimeko psychosis abaninzi abe umqalisi kunye ideologist yamacala lalawo kwimbali yehlabathi. Ngoko zazisithini izizathu ukunyuka kaHitler ngamandla, njani le nkqubo yaye yintoni ngaphambi kwesi siganeko?

Ukuqala biography kwezopolitiko

Future uMlawuli wesizwe yaseJamani wazalwa ngo-1889. Ukuqala inkonzo yakhe yezopolitiko kuqwalaselwa ngo-1919, xa uHitler ukuba umhlala-mkhosi waza wajoyina i-Workers Party German. Kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu, kwintlanganiso iqela yena ecetywayo ukuthiya ngokutsha nokucwangciswa Party samaNazi wathi yayo inkqubo yezopolitiko, eliquka amanqaku 25. izimvo zakhe kwaphinda phakathi ngabahlali eMunich. Ayimangalisi into yokuba ekupheleni yokuqala Party Congress, ebanjwe 1923, isixeko wegqitha stormtroopers uhambo, ubuhanjelwe ngabantu abangaphezulu kwama-5,000. Baqala ke ibali ngokuvela Hitler.

Imisebenzi NSDAP kwixesha ukususela 1923 ukuya 1933

Isiganeko esilandelayo obalulekileyo kwimbali National Socialist ekuthiwa-Beer Hall Putsch, apho amawaka amathathu stormtroopers colones eyayikhokelwa uHitler wazama ukumbamba Isakhiwo Ministry of Defence. Baye behambe umva amapolisa uqhushululu, kunye neenkokeli zaqalwa laxoxwa. Ngokukodwa, uHitler wagwetywa iminyaka emi-5 entolongweni. Noko ke, uye entolongweni iinyanga ezimbalwa ze uhlawule isohlwayo amanqaku 200 zegolide. Once ezamahala, uHitler nobudlova imisebenzi yezopolitiko. Ngenxa yemigudu yakhe unyulo 1930, yaye emva koko ngo-1932 iqela lakhe ufumene inani elikhulu izihlalo epalamente, waba amandla ebalulekileyo ezopolitiko. Ngaloo ndlela ke udale neemeko zezopolitiko ezenza kube lula ukuba ukunyuka uHitler ukuba amandla. EJamani ngelo xesha nkqi ntlekele eyaqalisa eYurophu ngo-1929.

yezizathu zophuhliso lwezoqoqosho ukunyuka uHitler ukuba amandla

Njengoko ababhali-mbali bakholelwa, indima enkulu yempumelelo zezopolitiko NSDAP wadlala The Great Depression, eyathatha-10 iminyaka. Kuba buhlungu kakhulu ukuba ukubetha shishino eJamani yaye eyenziweyo 7.5 umkhosi yezigidi-ngokungqongqo abangasebenziyo. Kwanele ukuba bathi, eyayibanjwe ngo-1931, uqhankqalazo basemgodini 'umzi Ruhr, kuyo phantse 350 000 abasebenzi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, indima eyandayo Communist Party of eJamani, nto leyo ebangele inkxalabo le-Elite zemali kunye mveliso ezinkulu abaye wayama Party ngamaNazi nje kuphela amandla ekwaziyo bamelane ngamaKomanisi.

Ukuqeshwa kwisikhundla sokuba njengentloko yeKhabhinethi yaBaphathiswa

Ebutsheni bowe-1933, uMongameli Hindenburg wafumana imali enkulu evela ababawa baseJamani awayefuna ukuqeshwa kwakhe njengentloko Party Nazi Chancellor. Sosha ubudala uye waphila ubomi, ngaphandle zonke pfennig, ayikwazanga ukuxhathisa, kwaye sele-30 Januwari, uHitler ahlala omnye izithuba zibalulekileyo eJamani. Ukongeza, kukho amarhe okuba kukho ihlebo enxulumene unyana ubuqhophololo zemali Hindenburg. Kodwa ukutyunjwa njengentloko yikhabhinethi kwakungathethi ukunyuka Hitler ukuba igunya, njengokuba komthetho uthathe kuphela Reichstag, kwaye ngelo xesha, i-National Socialist akazange abe inani elifunekayo lezihlalo.

Ngokubulawa kwabantu ndawonye kunye Night le Long Iimela

Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa nje emva kokuba baqeshwe Hitler, kwakukho kokutsha isakhiwo Reichstag. Ngenxa yoko, i-Party wamaKomanisi iye batyholwa ulungiselela ukuba bambambe amandla kweli lizwe, kwaye uMongameli Hindenburg isalelo kwi yokunikwa amagunya engaqhelekanga eKhabhinethi.

Amkele Blanche ezinokufumaneka, uHitler wayalela ukuba kubanjwe wanga Communist Party malunga 4000 kwaye yenze isaziso nokhetho ukuya Reichstag, apho phantse 44% lweevoti waya kwitheko lakhe. Enye amandla inokwenza kube nzima ukuba ukunyuka kaHitler ngamandla, waba amajoni ukubetha, nelikhokelwa ngu-Ernst Röhm. Kwaye Nokwethisa umbutho, amaNazi ziphangwe, kamva eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Night ye-Long Iimela." Lixhoba kutshabalaliso aba bantu phantse iwaka, kuquka ezininzi iinkokeli SA.

nokhetho

August 2, 1934 uMongameli Hindenburg wafa. Esi siganeko ekhawulezayo ukunyuka kaHitler ngamandla, njengoko waba nako ukufikelela ukutshintshwa ekuqaleni ukhetho zimvo. Ngexesha lentlanganiso-Agasti 19, 1934 abavoti bacelwa ukuba aphendule umbuzo omnye kuphela bayiphosa ilothe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: "Ngaba uyavuma ukuba uMongameli kunye Chancellor zithuba zidityanisiwe?" Emva kokuba ukubalwa kweevoti kwafunyaniswa ukuba inkoliso lwabavoti ayexhasa kuphuculo amagunya karhulumente ecetywayo . Ngenxa yoko, i-ofisi kaMongameli kwayekwa.

I-uMlawuli Empire Chancellor

Ngokutsho zophando ezininzi, unyaka uHitler waqalisa ukulawula - 1934. Eneneni, emva kokuba zimvo ngoAgasti 19, waba nje intloko kwikhabhinethi, kodwa umphathi linegunya, ngubani ngokobuqu kwafuneka bafunge ukuwugqalela umkhosi. Ngaphezu koko, lixesha lokuqala kwimbali yelizwe kwakhe wawongwa kwisihloko Fuehrer kunye Reich Chancellor. Ngelo xesha, abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba xa siqwalasela ukunyuka ukuya amandla uHitler, umhla we-30 Januwari 1933 kubaluleke ngakumbi njengoko ukususela yena iqela lakhe singanefuthe etyhulu kumgaqo-basekhaya angaphandle yaseJamani. Yiba ukuba kunjalo, eYurophu kwakukho uZwilakhe, ngenxa yezenzo atshiswe izigidi zabantu kumazwekazi amathathu.

Germany. Hitler eqala ukubusa: ezirheshayo nkqubo zasekhaya kunye noqoqosho (iminyaka 1934-1939)

Iminyaka yokuqala emva kokuba kufunyenwe imvume ngokozwi eli lizwe ezingqondweni abemi yawo iqalise ideology entsha esekelwe phezu kweentsika ezintathu: revanchism, nokonyanywa kwamaJuda nokukholwa ukohluka yesizwe waseJamani. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, eJamani, suka uHitler ngayo igunya, nto leyo igqitywa kuquka izizathu nkqubo angaphandle, waqalisa ukuba ukukhula koqoqosho. Kakhulu inciphise inani abangaphangeliyo kumashishini iinguqu iintlobo ngeentlobo aqaliswa kwaye kwenziwa iintshukumo ngeenkqubo ezijonge ekuphuculeni isikhundla ekuhlaleni ka amaJamani amahlwempu. Ngelo xesha na ukuphikisana iye zicinezelwa kwi amathupha, kuquka ingcinezelo elikhulu, nto leyo exhasa rhoqo ngentliziyo kwabemi umthetho, emehlweni ukuba quarantines urhulumente okanye ndizitshabalalise amaYuda okanye ndawonye, kokuphazamisa, njengoko babekholelwa, ukuyilwa a Germany Greater. Hi ndlela leyi, indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ubugagu ebalaseleyo Goebbels kunye uMlawuli ngokwakhe. Eneneni, xa ujonga kwi "eagle-headed ezimbini. Hitler eqala ukubusa "- umboniso Lutz Becker phantse ngokupheleleyo isekelwe phezu newsreels, leyo ibhalwe kwixesha ukususela ekuqaleni Novemba revolution eJamani babhukishe autos - uyazi ukuba kulula kangakanani na ukulawula ezingqondweni yoluntu. Ngenxa yoko niyaphuphuma kudida ukuba uthetha ngayo embalwa ikhulu okanye amawaka yempambano zonqulo, kodwa uhlanga elingenisa, leyo ibisoloko ingqalelo enye kunayo eYurophu thina.

ukunyuka uHitler ukuba ngamandla, nto leyo ngokufutshane ochazwe ngasentla - ngomnye weyona mizekelo Incwadi ukuba amandla njani uzwilakhe kufika yedemokhrasi planet vvergshy kwi isiphithiphithi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.