Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva: biography kanye photo

Zinaida Ermoleva waba ngummeli obalaseleyo amayeza Soviet. Kuye liqalise uphando yeqondo eliphezulu ezininzi, nto leyo eye anikwe eziphilayo yasekhaya mihla.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Wazalwa Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva ngo-1898 Frolovo - enye nemizana ezininzi ummandla Don Cossacks. Ndigqibile esikolweni in Novocherkassk. Xa kwafika ixesha lokuba ukukhetha wobugcisa, wagqiba ukuba ubizo lwakhe - iyeza. Ermoleva wangena University of Don e Rostov-on-Don. Sele ebutsheni bakhe mfundi wabonisa ezibalaseleyo bobuntu bakhe. Oku kwalandela ukuzinikela, ukusebenza nzima, ukunxanelwa ulwazi kunye iyoba namandla. Kamva, emva kokuba nzulu esidumileyo, Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva wakhumbula ukuba uyalithanda eyunivesithi ungena ngokufihlakeleyo kwilebhu phambi kokuba kuvulelwa ixesha elingangeyure okanye ezimbini ukuze silungise zaphatha.

Angathabatheki ephambili labafundi nangoko yaba eziphilayo. Yena Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva uye wanikela ubomi bakhe abadala yonke. Emva kokuba egqibe eyunivesithi, wahlala kwiyunivesithi xa umncedisi we kwiSebe Microbiology. Ingakumbi ezininzi iingcali sinikele ingqalelo isifundo kwamagciwane. Kanye ngelo xesha, xa imi- 20-lwekhulu XX, kwakukho ingqeqesho entsha olunamandla luzinikele ezi zidalwa. Ekubeni eSoviet Union Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna wathabatha eli niche zobungcali ngowokuqala, igama layo ibisoloko ezinxulumene nezinto ezintsha kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inguqu.

uphando ikholera

Ngowe-1922 e Rostov-on-Don kukho ukuqhambuka ikholera. Ngenxa yokungabikho ngokulungela kwamagunya kunye sabantu ngokukhawuleza yaba bhubhane. Kuba Ermoleva lixesha lokuba ukufunda sifo ayikho ityhubhu uvavanyo nasezitratweni lomzi wabo. Science ke wayesazi malunga ikholera ayikho kangako. Yena wayesaziwa pathogen - sorhudo Vibrio. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iintsholongwane, ufana naye, kodwa zange uphando zizazinzulu de kube sekupheleni.

Oku le ntsholongwane kudala wasebenza Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva. Ukuzama ukuqonda ifuthe AMAGQABAZA ▸ emzimbeni womntu, waya engozini enkulu. Ermoleva yena HIV ngokwakhe ukuba bachithe ezixabisekileyo amava science. Le lokulinga waba yimpumelelo. Kuye singqiniwe ukuba iintsholongwane ezinxulumene vibrio ebantwini, inokuzitshintsha kwaye babe ezisongela ubomi.

Ukufudukela eMoscow

Eyona njongo ephambili yale yemifuniselo Ermoleva kunye noogxa bakhe isitofu sokugonya ukuba yokukhusela abantu ukusuka ezibulalayo. Igciwane ezibangela ikholera, zahlolwa zokumelana izinto ezininzi. Emva iimvavanyo ende kunye nexesha elide Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna wabonisa ukuba lulondolozo lokuthintela zabemi kwanele chlorinate emanzini. Iziphumo umsebenzi wakhe zophando yenza isiseko imimiselo emitsha zococeko kungekudala oza kuba inyanzelekile ukuba lonke elo lizwe.

Ngeminyaka yee-20, xa wayesaziwa, eziphilayo waya eMoscow, apho wabubhekisa omnye amasebe kwemichiza Institute of the People kaThixo Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR. Ermoleva kunye neqela lakhe sisebenza isifundo eziphilayo, kuquka abo cholerae V.. Umphandi uye ufumane zenyathi entsha yale ephilayo. Lwegciwane zingahlukaniswa congeners ukuba akwazi ukuvutha bhuqe. Xa uluntu lwezenzululwazi ngamazwe wayeqhelene neziphumo Ermoleva, kwagqitywa ekubeni lolu hlobo igama layo.

ukuqaphela International

Ngowe-1925 kwakukho kuqala profiled kwilebhu eSoviet ukuba isifundo ezinto eziphilayo. Ngumseki kunye nenkuthazo ngayo eli ziko esisodwa waba Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva. Photo umphandi osoloko ekucaca ukuba iijenali zenzululwazi amazwe. Kumazwe amaninzi, epapashwe inqaku lakhe (e eziphilayo, esandulwa kumiliselwa, njalo njalo. D.).

Emva koko Ermoleva ukuqala eninzi ukujongana ityhefu. ESoviet Union, le meko yaba singles behlolisisa. Kuba ukutshintshisana amava angathethekiyo waqalisa ukuya lamaphulo angaphandle, kuquka eFransi naseJamani. Kule nkalo, kuba lonke ixesha lam (apho kwakukho abambalwa kakhulu) ehlawulwa iilwimi zasemzini. Ngowe-1928 Ermoleva watyelela ekuzakuqalwa Institute ogama emva Lui Pastera e Paris. Kwaba ingakumbi babambisane Zinaida Vissarionovna kunye osi-German.

E Central Asia

Ekupheleni kwale 30 kukho iingcali ezininzi ezinkulu yiSoviet ekulweni isifo sorhudo. Ophambili beli qela Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Biography umfazi ngenxa wawuzaliswe ezahlukeneyo lamaphulo eziyingozi.

Ngowe-1939, i-sotyatyazo ubhubhane e Afghanistan. abasemagunyeni eSoviet waqala ukuba aququzelele amanyathelo azizithintelo usulelo kange lifakwe seeRiphablikhi Central Asia Socialist. E Tashkent iqela ukusebenza wathunyelwa, elikhokelwa Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, abahlali kwizixeko ezinkulu kunye needolophana kude - bonke phantsi isisongelo usulelo. Bona bancedisana kuphuhliswa Ermoleva iziyobisi. Kwakhona e Uzbekistan, inkqubo entsha lokulingwa ubukho bale ntsholongwane emzimbeni uye wazama.

Ukusebenza kwi-Institute of Tashkent, Zinaida Vissarionovna, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wafumana ichiza elitsha, idibanisa sokugonya kwiintlobo ezininzi izifo. Iyeza usokoliswa ikholera, ukubola komqala kunye esifo.

lysozyme

Kule 30 eSoviet Union wenziwe ukufunda lysozyme, eyayikhokelwa Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Igalelo le eziphilayo yomfazi yongeza afumane kwelinye ichiza ebalulekileyo. Yaba lo lysozyme enzyme, eyaqala esetyenziswa kwishishini ukutya njengoko ukubola kwaye amayeza njengento kubola.

Ngale ndlela i-Ermoleva yenzululwazi akugqiba umsebenzi ababengaphambi kwakhe. Emva ngo-1909, uPawulos wavula Laşcencov kweziyobisi lysozyme. Le Isazinzulu Wamfumana iqanda inkuku, bafumana ukuba linokulinqumamisa ukwanda zeentsholongwane. Kamva, lysozyme ezifumaneka izihlunu kunye namadlala. Noko ke, ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo anifumananga isicelo ngokoqobo.

yokuvela kwezinto ezintsha

Iminyaka emininzi, zebhayoloji baye bazama ukucacisa uhlobo ukukhusela umzimba yibhaktheriya. Uphononongo lwe lysozyme nako phakamisa ikhuselo vu phezu le mfihlelo eziphilayo. izinto zokufunda kunye kwiiwadi zabo wathabatha Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva. Ukugqwesa eziphilayo baba baninzi, kodwa hayi ebambe umxakatho zayo, kodwa waqhubeka kakhulu kwaye emsebenzini ukwenzela ukuba kuzuze bonke ngenzululwazi.

Ermoleva ubuqambi eka ukuziveza lysozyme technology. Ngaphezu koko, oko wayekwazi ukuba ngowokuqala ingqalelo ukuba zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo xa kusenziwa amayeza. Ukumisela uhlobo eekhemikhali iziyobisi, umphandi yakwazi ukubona lysozyme nakwizityalo ezahlukeneyo - horseradish, isithombo, njl Eli lungu achaze ukusebenza amayeza intsomi ezahlukeneyo lwezifo kunye nezifo ...

Profesa Ph.D.

Lysozyme waba Ermoleva uphando ngezifundo ubomi bakhe, kuqalwa imi--30. Ngowe-1970, ilebhu yakhe wakwazi nokulungelelanisa le kweziyobisi fomu crystalline. Emva koko, lysozyme wasetyenziswa kuqala zamehlo, utyando, wezifo kunye nezinye iinkalo.

Olunye isicelo of lysozyme ezifumaneka ukutya kunye namashishini ezolimo. Kuye kusetyenziswa ukubola okunye ukudla zinakonakala, ezifana amaqanda. Urhulumente sele Kuqikelelwa umsebenzi professional echumayo efana Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Awards wafumana eziphilayo (Stalin Prize, i-Order of uLenin Order of the Red Banner of Labour) zaba kubonisa ukubaluleka umsebenzi wayo. Ukongeza, umphandi ngo-1935 waba ngugqirha inzululwazi, yaye ngowe-1939 ngunjingalwazi.

Nceda Stalingrad

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II eli lizwe iingcali ngakumbi ngokwemfuneko Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva. "Abazali" eSoviet eziphilayo kunye lwezifo athunyelwa Stalingrad ukuba isuswe njengomzi ongqingiweyo iqala nokulatyuza zesifo sotyatyazo. operation enzima yoguqulo izazinzulu imigca ngaphambili lwaqhutywa ngenxa yokuba lo kwindlela engabonakaliyo kwakungenakwenzeka ukunika isixhobo eziyimfuneko lothintelo kubahlali balapha. Ithemba kuphela Stalingrad ibikukuseka ekwenziweni a medicament esixekweni.

Nangona zonke iingozi ezinxulumene ne zokulwa esitratweni, ukuqhumisa kunye nezinye ububi bempi, Zinaida Ermoleva kunye neqela lakhe waququzelela ugonyo abaninzi yabemi. Xa imveliso sele lusekiwe, isixhobo ezigcine baqalisa ukuba amawaka-50 abantu ngosuku. Ngenxa yomsebenzi zokusebenza of kunye noogqirha wakwazi ukuphepha bhubhane ngobuninzi ukuba bathuthunjiswe isixeko Wehrmacht.

Ukufuna olwa

Ngoxa e Stalingrad usabukele amajoni kwabangxwelerhiweyo ye-Red Army, Zinaida Ermoleva arhola ingqalelo into yokuba uninzi umfi abazange bafe ngenxa yamanxeba ngokwabo, kodwa ngenxa yosulelo yegazi kunye nezigulo ezinxulumene. Emva koko kwaqala ukuba baphande elebhu anikezelwe yokusombulula le ngxaki.

Ermoleva kuphando bakhe bakucaphukele ukufunyanwa Aleksandra Fleminga. Ngowe-1929, wafumana amayeza entsha ngokupheleleyo iziyobisi - penicillin. Le zintsholongwane, ngokuthi ezinxulumene ngumngundo indalo zabo, waba revolution eyinyaniso Pharmacology. Fleming wayekwazi ukwenza ukufunyanwa efumaneka kakhulu hayi, kuba ubunzima sasiba sibi kakhulu. Ngoku lo msebenzi umise Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Penicillin kube sisiseko unyango jikelele izifo ezibangelwa streptococci kunye staphylococci.

Ukuvela penicillin Soviet

I iisampuli lokuqala penicillin lwasekhaya wabonakala ngowe-1942. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba izinto raw Soviet kuphela kusetyenziswa nokulungelelanisa kuyo. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa eSoviet Union weza Govard Flori. Le Scientist waba uprofesa e Oxford University, ngubani ikwazile ukufikelela impumelelo efanayo kwi US.

I waseBritani wazisa eMoscow iisampulu zakhe uthelekiso iziyobisi. Uhlalutyo wabonisa ukuba penicillin Ermoleva esebenza kakhulu kakuhle ngakumbi. Ngaphandle koku, ngowe-1945, iKomiti Nobel imbasa Prize e Physiology okanye Medicine waba Howard chlorine.

ngaphambili,

Nangona IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic wayesele kwinqanaba lokugqibela, amawaka amajoni Soviet nangoku ezifunekayo uncedo olungxamisekileyo. Ekupheleni konyaka-1944, kunye ne-Ermoleva ugqirha omkhulu UNikolai Burdenko waya ngaphambili ukubamba ngokovavanyo kwiimeko yokulwa. penicillin Soviet sasinda uvavanyo olubalulekileyo - ichiza ngokwenene yanceda bancwine abahlatyiweyo Red Army. Emva koko yemveliso woshishino ichiza.

Zonke iinyanga ezintandathu phambi unjingalwazi Ermoleva kwafuneka asebenze phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. ilebhu bayo kwigumbi elingaphantsi, nazo zonke izixhobo yahlangana ngokungxama. Nangona indawo ezingaqhelekanga, eziphilayo owaziwayo anyamezela wamkela ngayo umsebenzi walo.

emva kwemfazwe,

Kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe Zinaida Ermoleva waqalisa ukumela eSoviet Union kwi-World Health Organization. Ukhetho wawa phezu kwalo akukho ngozi. Wayeyazi zonke iilwimi, kwaye inani iinkonzo zayo iyeza zakuleli obalaseleyo. Ngowe-1956, WHO sezifo wakhokela Committee on antibiotics. Kwesi sikhundla, Zinaida Ermoleva wahlala de kwasekufeni kwakhe.

Kwiminyaka 50-60, uye waqhubeka umsebenzi wayo journalistic, oluphazanyiswa yimfazwe. Nje umsebenzi elide Ermoleva iye ibhalwe amaphepha enzululwazi ngaphezulu kwama-500. Ngelo xesha ke oko kwazeka kuyo eli lizwe wabulela Veniamin Kaverin. Umbhali eSoviet basebenzisa ngobomi Zinaida Vissarionovna njenge prototype lamabali wobomi ophambili of inoveli yakhe "incwadi evulekileyo." Yanyatheliswa inxalenye kwiijenali yoncwadi 1948-1956 gg.

Kaverin Ermoleva wayesazi ngokobuqu ukususela-1928. Bazizisa umzalwana zombhali - Leon Zilber, obeyindoda umphandi kwicandelo ngumzuzu kunye Oncology. Scientist ixesha elide waba asebenza Ermoleva. Ebudeni repressions Stalin kaThixo Zilber waye enkampini. Kwenye yeentlanganiso kunye Zinaida Vissarionovna uzinikele kuye-ngqangi efihlakeleyo umsebenzi wakhe zenzululwazi, abaphengululi yaya ngqo Gulag. Esi siganeko, efana nabanye abaninzi, ibonisa isibindi kakhulu kunye nokuzinikela ubizo Ermoleva. Zinaida Vissarionovna waqhubeka ukusebenza baze bafunde de ekupheleni kwayo. Wafa ngoDisemba 2, 1974, eshiya inzala lemveli lwenzululwazi grand.