I-revolution industrial baseRashiya

I-revolution industrial - inguqu yemveliso emveliso ngenxa yabasebenzi ngesandla kwi mveliso. Nkqubo isekelwe phezu ukusetyenziswa kakhulu ngoomatshini. I-revolution yezoshishino yaqala eRashiya ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwi-30-40, yaye yaphela kwi 80s zenkulungwane efanayo.

utshintsho Industrial yaqala amashishini apho umsebenzi wezandla yaba kakhulu. Eyokuqala Ibingeloshishini cotton le. Cars yaqala ukuziqengqa e zokubhala, ilaphu kunye nezinye imveliso. Kwakhona waqalisa kumisa iinkampani umatshini-isakhiwo eMoscow, eSt Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod kunye neminye imizi.

I-revolution industrial eRashiya kwinqanaba lokuqala waphawulwa luphuhliso esebenzayo zezithuthi, kaloliwe kunye kwinqanawa, kuqala. Ngowe-1837 zikaloliwe wokuqala. Ayeyazi Tsarskoye Selo St Petersburg. Kwaye ngo-1851 naLindiili babekwa phakathi St. Petersburg eMoscow.

utshintsho Industrial kweli lizwe yaqala kamva kunokuba kumazwe aseYurophu kuphuhliswa ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, eNgilani ukuba mveliso okuqala esekwe gqira lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18.

I-revolution yezoshishino yaqala eRashiya kwiimeko zoqoqosho feudal. Oku ngokuqinisekileyo nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwi isantya esimi utshintsho mveliso. Ngenxa yoko, amashishini zoshishino zabiwa ngokufanelekileyo edyokhweni kwilizwe liphela.

I-revolution industrial eRashiya ekuqaleni yawo, yaye waphawulwa abathile ukudodobala nokudalwa oluninzi eyinkunzi. Evela njengenqaba, oosomashishini abaninzi abanalo kunye namalungelo asemthethweni. Kulo mba, abanako ngumnini-mveliso, eseleyo, kuxhomekeke emandleni abaqeshisi.

utshintsho Industrial eRashiya ayikhange negalelo kuphuhliso iiklasi ezintsha - sabasebenzi mveliso kunye noohlohlesakhe. Oku kwaba ngenxa yokuzinga inkqubo feudal kwezoqoqosho. Abasebenzi mveliso kunye nezityalo baba nabalimi belizwe, abasebenzi. Kulo mba, ukwakhiwa abasebenzi kwi amashishini kwaba njalo, kwaye abasebenzi base inqanaba kunokuba aphantsi emfundo.

Owesibini kwenkqubo yezoshishino baqala Ekuveleni ngeminyaka yee- ngenkulungwane ye-19. Kweli nqanaba, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha zonke iimpahla mveliso iveliswayo yinkampani, leyo baxhotyisiwe kwaye iinjini umphunga, nto leyo ekhokelela izixhobo ukusebenza.

utshintsho Industrial echaphazelekayo (ngaphandle umqhaphu, iphepha kunye noshishino neswekile), isinyithi kunye nezimbiwa kunye metallurgical, ilaphu kunye namalaphu, obunjineli boomatshini kunye noshishino noboya. Kweli nqanaba le unokwakhela kunye manufactory weyisa imveliso mveliso.

I-revolution industrial sesibini isigaba awohluke alo. Le nguqu sele bayahamba bume elitsha: uyekwa serfdom, wabamba kuphuculo umlimi. Zonke ezi nguqu baye bayiyeka ezininzi imiqobo lokusekwa inkqubo yobungxowankulu sikarhulumente.

Ukongeza, siye saqalisa ukwenza amashishini amatsha: petrochemical, umatshini-isakhiwo, iikhemikhali kunye nezinye.

yenguqu Industrial kwakhokelela ukuvela kwiindawo (Baku, Krivoi Rog, Donbass), ezamahala izithethe serfdom kunye elikhulayo iimeko ezintsha zentlalo-qoqosho kunye nobugcisa.

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, kwenkqubo yezoshishino kwaba nemiphumo ezibalulekileyo zentlalo. Saqala ukuba zenze iiklasi ezintsha. Emva kokuba utshintsho loohlohlesakhe zoshishino baqalisa niwuzalise avela kumagosa karhulumente, abalimi, abarhwebi, izidwangube.

Isigaba sabasebenzi ngenkuthalo ukusekwa. Ngaloo sabasebenzi nangoku nemeko enzima. Iimeko yokusebenza amahlwempu, usuku ukusebenza inde kakhulu, nomthetho walawula, kwakungekho nemithetho yabasebenzi, i-inshorensi yezempilo. Ngenxa yezenzo bokuqala abasebenzi (umzekelo, Morozov ugwayimbo ngo-1885 yaba) esenzeka yee- kunye nineties.