Yeyiphi uthetha umgaqo-nkqubo obuhle kwi yomoya? Ukuvuselelwa nenkcubeko 50-60s

Fifth Matshi 1953 isiganeko kwenzeka ukuba ngokupheleleyo yatshintshwa indlela nkqubo kwangaphandle nangaphakathi USSR. Wafa Stalin. Ngeli xesha, ziye zoke iindlela zolawulo yengcinezelo, ngoko ke proteges ikhosi kaStalin ngokukhawuleza kwafuneka ukwenza ezinye iinguqu ezijoliswe phezulu uqoqosho kunye nokuphunyezwa inguqu kwezentlalo. Eli xesha ngokuba nobudlelwane obuhle. Yeyiphi uthetha umgaqo-nkqubo obuhle kwi engabonakali, yintoni Amagama amatsha kubomi benkcubeko kweli lizwe, uyakwazi ukufunda kweli nqaku.

XX Congress of the CPSU

Ngowe-1955, emva yokurhoxa Malenkov uba yinkokeli eSoviet Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev. NgoFebruwari 1956, kwi-Twentieth Party Congress, wenziwa intetho yakhe edumileyo malunga ukunqulwa ubuntu. Emva koko, inkokeli entsha igunya namandla kakhulu, nangona inkcaso zabaxhasi Stalin kaThixo.

XX Congress iye yasungula amanyathelo ahlukeneyo reformatory kwilizwe lethu, uvuselela inkqubo lolungiso yenkcubeko yoluntu. Yeyiphi uthetha umgaqo-nkqubo obuhle kwi ngokomoya noncwadi ubomi babantu, bakwazi ukufunda iincwadi ezintsha kunye neenoveli epapashwe ngelo xesha.

Policy nobudlelwane ezincwadini

Ngowe-1957 iya kupapashwa ngaphandle imisebenzi edume Pasternak kaThixo "Gqirha Zhivago". Nangona lo msebenzi wawuvaliwe, bachitha circulations enkulu kwimibhalo samizdatnyh senziwe oomatshini bokuchwetheza ubudala. Bebonke isiphelo sinye wehlelwa imisebenzi M. Bulgakov, Grossman kunye nabanye abalobi ixesha.

Ku kombisa na kokupapashwa imisebenzi edume Solzhenitsyn kaThixo "Day One kwi Ivana Denisovicha." Ibali, nto leyo echaza abangcangcazelisi kaStalin iinkampu evekini, umhlaziyi inkosi Suslov ebacekisile ngoko nangoko. Kodwa ke umhleli we phephancwadi "Yehlabathi Elitsha" wakwazi ukubonisa ibali Solzhenitsyn buqu N. S. Hruschevu, emva kokuba wanikwa imvume yokushicilela.

Imisebenzi ngokubhenca repressions Stalin kaThixo, ifumana umfundi yayo.

Ithuba lokuvakalisa izimvo zabo abafundi ukupapasha umsebenzi wabo nangona ukuhluza iindaba kunye namagunya - ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo nobudlelwane kwakuthetha kwi engabonakali kunye uncwadi ixesha.

Ukuvuselelwa yeqonga kunye cinema

Kwi-imi- 50-60 we ethiyetha lifumana savuka. Oko kwakuthetha ukuba ipolisi obuhle kwi engabonakali kunye yaseqongeni, kuhle ukuba uxelele repertoire sesihambe enkulungwane phakathi. Ngaba abusekho zokusingatha abasebenzi kunye namafama, ubuyela iqonga nkulu classical kwaye isebenza-imi- 20 lwekhulu XX. Kodwa ngo yokubonela alawule indlela iqela lomsebenzi, kwaye izikhundla zolawulo ababandakanyekayo amagosa engathethekiyo babengafundanga. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi emiboniso andikaboni ababukeli bayo: umdlalo Meyerhold Vampilov kunye nabanye abaninzi, washiya elele phantsi ilinen.

Sukugcina nefuthe kuyingenelo kwi cinema. films ezininzi xesha yaziwa kude ngaphaya kwemida yelizwe lethu. Imisebenzi efana ne "I cranes Ngaba Flying", "Ivan kaThixo Childhood", ngoku ndimoyisile mabhaso axabiseke ngamazwe. cinema eSoviet wawabuyisela yethu kinoderzhavy status ilizwe leyo ilahlekileyo ukususela kwixesha Eisenstein.

intshutshiso yonqulo

Ukuncitshiswa xi yezopolitiko kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi babantu alichatshazelwa-nkqubo yonqulo karhulumente. Ukutshutshiswa iinkokeli zokomoya nezonqulo umfutho. Umqalisi zenkampani anti-enkolweni Khrushchev ngokwakhe. Endaweni yoko, ukutshatyalaliswa ngokwasemzimbeni amakholwa kunye neenkokeli zonqulo kumahlelo ahlukeneyo isenzo ukuhlekwa zoluntu kunye neenkolelo ukuveza. Ngokusisiseko, konke oko kwakuthetha umgaqo nobudlelwane kubomi yokomoya abathembekileyo, wanciphiswa "imfundo-kwakhona" ngecala.

iziphumo

Ngelishwa, ixesha inkqubela yenkcubeko ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Ingongoma lokugqibela obuhle umise isiganeko lwembonakalo 1962 - ngokoyiswa womboniso lobugcisa kwi-Manezh. Nangona inkululeko anciphise eSoviet Union, ukubuyela imihla yobumnyama kukaStalin akazange athathe indawo. Oko kwakuthetha ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo nobudlelwane kwisigaba yokomoya ummi ngamnye, singakwazi ukuchaza imvakalelo utshintsho umoya, nokunciphisa indima ezingqondweni mass isibheno loo mntu njengomntu ozimeleyo, unelungelo izimvo zabo.