Makaryev Monastery: ukuba indlela apho? Imbali, incazelo, izakhiwo

Phezu kodonga lasekhohlo iVolga, kummandla ka Nizhny kummandla Novgorod Lyskovsky ibekwe Makaryev Monastery, ifoto apho, thaca kwinqaku iqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba njengenye yezona zintle eRashiya. Iindonga ezimhlophe woonongendi, ngokungathi ngokuvuka emanzini, angabi nako ukunceda kuzala isikhumbuza umfanekiso kumnandi Kitezh City, esiza evela iintsimbi kubo yodwa qinisa umbutho. Noko ke, ebuhleni esihle kangaka kukho elide yaye ezele ibali olukhulu.

Malunga nendlela kwavela Makaryev Monastery

Chronicle ithi 1435 kukho indela i Nizhny Novgorod Caves Monastery Macarius yintsikelelo Abbot washiya eMonastri lakhe waza waya kunxweme pustynnozhitelstva chibi eMthubi kufuphi koMlambo iVolga. Egameni ulwandle ndawo kwathiwa amanzi ebengezelayo. Apho, phakathi kwemithi namasimi, wazigawula yena iseli zakhe, enika up ephithizelayo zehlabathi, yena wazinikela ukudla kunye nomthandazo.

Kodwa ke kwenzeka ukuba ukukhanya inyaniso kaThixo akukho zokuzimela, yaye kungekudala iindaba le wayengazibandezi basasazeke kwisithili, kwaye esiseleni yedwa echibini watsala abantu. Abanye, nakuba nikwenzile kuye ngomthandazo, emva ehlabathini, kunye nabanye, ebamkele imvume, waza wahlala Yakha zokuhlala ezikufutshane. Kungekudala iinzame odibeneyo iimonki Bagawula ibandla ngamaplanga encinane, bamiselwa ukuba egameni Emnye oyiNgcwele. Luba kwasekwa uluntu emishini, kuloo ndawo apho iminyaka emininzi wema phezu kweenxweme iVolga Holy Trinity Zheltovodsky Macarius Monastery.

Ukonakala woonongendi kunye kuthinjwe abemi balo

Kodwa hayi elide wayemiselwe ukuba aphile kule ndawo seal Macarius kunye umzalwana wakhe. sele kudlule iminyaka emine kuphela ukususela ngelo xesha njengoko zihlawulwa njengoko bamanzi, iNkosi Tatar Khan Ulu Muhammad alingenele ilizwe Nizhny Novgorod, yaye kunye nezinye maxe- engcwele kukutshabalalisa bafake itotshi weemonki entsha. ithe ke abaninzi bazamela ezintshabeni ukufa njengomfeli-nkolo, nabo abapase amakrele lwethathari neentolo, zaye badla ngokupheleleyo.

Phakathi kwezinye amakhoboka wabonakala kunye St Macarius. Baza bamthengisa ebukhobokeni, ukuba inzima Khan. Basurmanina wambetha ukuthobeka zinzulu, ndichithe konke phezu ukubonakala indela umthinjwa, kwaye ekuseni ubabalo luchivshayasya emehlweni akhe. Emva kokubuza ngaye amajoni bahlohlwa ababanjwa, awaziva kwabo phambi kwakhe umntu ngaphandle kokudala nabani na umonakalo kwaye izama yonke endleleni ukwenza okulungileyo kungekuphela namaqabane akhe yelishwa, kodwa kwanabo amtshutshise, wambopha, enothuli indlela.

inkululeko Upheliso imithwalo ezintsha

Wambetha beva, Khan wayalela lezigidimi kuyikhulula imonki emyoli umnike inkululeko. isigqibo sakhe, wachaza ukuba uThixo - ngokufanayo kubo bonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni ukholo umntu uhlala - kubohlwaya ekugqibeleni nabani na kabi le ulilungisa. Ukukhupha Macarius wenkululeko, oko isicelo akwale ukuba aye kuye amakhoboka kodwa abaninzi, kuquka abasetyhini eziliqela kunye nabantwana.

Kwenye kuphela Khan wayesazimisele - wabalela ukubuyisela le Yellow Ichibi yatshabalalisa isigodlo. Akukho namnye ayaziwa uya kuba yintoni yiminyaka elikhulu elinamanci asithoba, yaye kuloo ndawo aya usiphilise Makaryev eMonastri, kodwa iimonki ngelo xesha, wafumana loo ngendlela inkululeko emangalisayo engalindelekanga kunye, kwanyanzeleka ukuba lenze uphando indawo elitsha monastery yabo.

End of ukuzulazula

Yaba indlela ende kwaye kunzima kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa. Endleleni, St Macarius kunye namaqabane akhe waya phezu kwindawo emangalisayo, ibekwe kunxweme Sviyagi. Wowulungela nje yonke into ngenxa woonongendi elitsha. Apha uhlobo wawanika, ukudala induli encinci, engqongwe macala omathathu iinduli zihlanjwe emlanjeni. Kodwa, Le ndawo yaba Kazan Khan, owathi, emva kokufunda malunga imbonakalo nezinto zakhe iimonki Orthodox, wayalela ukuba bahambe.

Okunye elide baba neemonki, de wafikelela emazweni Kostroma yaye siyeke Unzhe. Ababuya Tatar ekuthinjweni, yasoloko ifumana ufudumale eRashiya, yaye njengoko owokuqala abathinjwa ngakumbi nabantu bakaThixo, baye basabela novelwano olukhulu, kunye Macarius - akrwelwe ngentlonipho.

Isiseko woonongendi entsha

Kodwa kude ukusuka ukoma imbeko yehlabathi Mfundisi ingqalelo kuyo ukuze kuxhamle umhlala emahlathini. Kukho neekhilomitha ezilishumi ukusuka isixeko waseka entsha, yesibini Makaryev Monastery. Imbali indalo yayo kanye phindwa yonke into eyenzeke kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo echibini elimthubi. Kungekudala wedwa Ilolo sichithakele ukulungele ukwabelana naye feat emishini, yaye ngenxa yoko ziye wabonakala kwakhona emahlathini enzulu iiseli emva kwabo - icawa ngamaplanga, yaye ekugqibeleni kwasekwa eluntwini.

Ngexesha St. Macarius kufikelela ebudaleni, yaye ngowe-1444, xa wajika Wayeselemashumi alithoba anesihlanu, wafa ngoxolo. Kungekudala ngaphambi koko, zokulindela ukwahlukana kumbovu esuka kubazalwana, yena ukudlulisela abantwana bakhe bokomoya ukuba ubuye xa kunokwenzeka, kwi-Yellow Lake, kuloo ndawo apho ude uthinjwe ngumfazi i-Tatar khan, kwaye ukuguqulela Makaryev Monastery.

indela Muromsky - imithetho umdlali of St. Macarius

Kwathatha phantse amabini eminyaka. Kwaye lifikile ixesha xa uYehova wasikelela iimonki abanyanisekileyo kwakhona ukuseka iiseli zabo phezu kweendonga kwedike elimthubi. Lo mcimbi edibene igama Abraham Zheltovodskogo - indela omnye Murom eMonastri, akukhankanywa kodwa njengengcwele, kodwa izenzo zabo uhola udumo ukungafi.

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, iqaqamba intliziyo owake satshatyalaliswa woonongendi, wayesoloko ndathandaza phambi icon ka St. Macarius, ecela nokwabela wasezulwini ngayo ayeke. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba imonki olungenanceba wafumana abathile umqondiso, wangqina ukuba umthandazo wakhe kuviwe, kwaye ubabalo lukaThixo uya kuphumelela kule omuhle.

Ukuvuselelwa woonongendi kwaye ufumane lwimi lolunye lweelwimi ezisemthethweni

Ekubeni wenza uluhlu lwe icon, apho wafumana iindaba ezilungileyo kuAbraham neemonki ezininzi ukusuka kubazalwana weemonki safika Yellow Lake, yaye wathandaza kuYehova waqalisa ukubuyisela woonongendi eluthuthwini endala. Basekuhlaleni abanqwenela ukwenza igalelo sa ukuze abancedise.

credit kakhulu kwimpumelelo yale sithembiso ebalulekileyo bobabo ukuya Tsar bahanahanisi uMikhail Fedorovich - umlawuli yokuqala Romanov ubukhosi. Ukutyelela ngo 1619 Unzhensky woonongendi kwaye befunda iminqweno ezifihlakeleyo lendela lokuyilawula feat zabo emishini apho, apho wafika wavula weemonki yakhe yokuqala ka-St Macarius, wabanika yonke uncedo. I koMlawuli ayenziwanga kuphela kuxhaswa kwabo umthetho, kodwa sele yabelwe uncedo ngemali. Isimo lokugqibela woonongendi labekwa ngo-1628 yidiploma Moscow uMphathi Filaret.

Iminyaka yokuhlala lokuchuma

Kodwa hayi kuphela abalawuli basemhlabeni yaba uncedo kwabo weemonki. Ngenkululeko uhle kuye, ubabalo lukaThixo. ekugqibeleni Intando iVolga Ephakamileyo watshintsha channel yayo, ngokupheleleyo ukufunxa Yellow Lake, yaye ngaloo ndlela Makaryev weemonki phezu elunxwemeni lomlambo omkhulu Russian, yenye kwemithambo eziphambili ngenqanawe Russian.

Loo indawo elula woonongendi negalelo isibakala sokuba ekuhambeni kwexesha, xa ilizwe elo kuyo yaqala ukuba zintle, embiza ngokwabo itayitile weemonki Makary. Njengoko abanini intsimi, lendela unelungelo ukuba arhafise irhafu yokuthengisa - isixa esikhulu kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukwakha ngexesha elifutshane woonongendi izakhiwo ezininzi ilitye nokwakha kakhulu ubomi bakho.

Ukucutheka kunye nokupheliswa woonongendi

Wawelela eli xesha ochumileyo ukuya ku-1817, de uYehova akazange avumele ukutshintshwa ngokungenasheyi, nto leyo eya kuthi yongezwe ubuncwane kangaka woonongendi, e Nizhny Novgorod. Apho ke wathatha i umda enkulu, lo gama kugcinwe igama layo bangaphambili. Kodwa Macarius Monastery Zheltovodskogo, anqunyulwe umthombo zazo eziphambili yengeniso, waqalisa ukuhla. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, wafumana ubume abazincutshe.

Ingxaki ke, njengokuba sisazi, akayi kuza yedwa, yaye emva kweminyaka embalwa eyenzekayo phakathi kweendonga zayo ngumlilo owatshabalalisa kakhulu into yokuba iminyaka emininzi ukuba yakhiwa izizukulwana ezininzi ziimonki. I-Sinodi oyiNgcwele iye akujongwa kuyimfuneko ukuba enze ukubuyiselwa woonongendi, kwaye uyekwa. Icons kunye nempahla, ukuba basindiswe emlilweni, wayalelwa wathunyelwa Nizhny Novgorod Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky.

isigodlo Ukubuyiselwa kuphela ngo-1883, emva kokuba Ukuvuma kwetrone kaThixo-onothando uMlawuli Alexander III, kodwa ngoku njengokuba Emnye Makaryev Zheltovodsky sigodlo. Ukususela ngoku, saba mhlali oodade owayenqwenela ukushiya umsindo befuna yehlabathi konakalayo umphefumlo sinikele inkonzo kaThixo.

Kwintlekele Ngomnyaka weshumi elinesixhenxe

Ukusuka esekhona siyazi ukuba ekuqaleni Apocalypse, yaye iye yaba eRashiya ngowe-1917, xa iindonga weemonki baphila indela ngaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu, yaye waba phakathi kakuhle ixhotyiswe kweli lizwe. Noko ke, isimo sakhe woonongendi, yaye ngokwenene Orthodox iiBolsheviks yahlukile kancinane ukusuka Khan Ulu-Mohammed, kanye ngokuncamisileyo Macarius monastery.

amahlanu eminyaka eyadlulayo, bafudukela ecaleni kwiindlela ezinothuli imiqodi Russian kumakhoboka, ngokunjalo, yaye ngenkulungwane XX abada ukuya emantla kumntla-mpuma koololiwe engapheliyo le zinganakwa; kubo apho umfazi khunubembe iingubo emishini. Kodwa, xa nshita abasemathanga emathafeni, xa wamnika inkululeko nguMfundisi Macarius, kwaye nalo amakhulukhulu ezinye baseRashiya, le khans nyambalala yangoku kungekho nceba, yaye abaninzi labathinjwa ukuze zange awaba nako ukubona kumakhaya abo.

Woonongendi eyakhiwe ukususela ibisetyenziswa kwiimfuno zekhaya. Ngelo xesha elinye kwindawo eyayisakuba woonongendi ezigcinwe kwezolimo nemfuyo, kwaye kule ndawo ngokuyintloko iitempile kaThixo, wagcina iinkomo.

Ixesha utshintsho kudala elindelwe

Kodwa nanini na sasithatha ihlazo, Isibonelelo kaThixo ngenxa yezono zabantu. Zaze kweenxweme iVolga uhlengahlengiso umoya. Ngowe-1991, umthetho karhulumente amabandla Makaryev eMonastri ngelo xesha bafika kukho imeko kaxakeka, yadluliselwa Nizhny Novgorod eso sithili. Waqala oko alulame esebenzayo.

Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva isigqibo Sinodi oyiNgcwele nokuba Makaryev Monastery uyaqhubeka imisebenzi yayo oluphazanyiswa amashumi obscurantism yokungabi. Ko- lakhe lokuqala baqalisa oonongendi ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu ababefuna ukuya kuyo kwezinye zokuhlala lizwe.

Namhlanje Makaryev Monastery, idilesi yakhe: eNizhniy Novgorod, kwisithili Lyskovo, evule .. Makarievo, liphakathi yoonongendi lundwendwe idumileyo yaye inkoliso batyelela eRashiya. ngonyaka ngamnye, kuthatha amakhulu amawaka iindwendwe ezivela kulo lonke ilizwe. Kwaye ngokwemvelo, njengoko apha, ngasechwebeni iVolga River, iindwendwe singqina komdibaniso ubuhle yokomoya ukholo Orthodox ngokobuhle elikhethekileyo ngezakhiwo yetempile.

Woonongendi singqongwe ngeendonga zamafu, iimboniselo lwesamente. Phakathi kwezi iziko zokwakha ke iingangamsha Emnye Cathedral, ulwakhiwo apho lusekeleke Cathedral Moscow yesicelo kuye kuthathwe njengomzekelo. Ukongeza, i-complex weemonki elifaka iitempile ezintlanu yakhiwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kodwa simanyene yi uyilo efanayo compositional.

Oko Bhala batyelela Makaryev Monastery

Ingxelo evela abo ithuba lokuba ukutyelela woonongendi inokufumaneka yenzelwe ngokukodwa le njongo ncwadi emishini, kwakunye ukubayinxalenye woonongendi kwezixhobo zolwazi. Ezininzi ziye zaphawula izinga eliphezulu lenkonzo kwi Cathedral, yaye sinikela ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo nobuchwepheshe wekwayala, eyenziwe bosisi woonongendi.

Kudla ezikhankanywe ncomo, uze emva koko, kunye oonongendi ezinoncedo nezinobuntu baphendule nayiphi na imibuzo okanye isicelo ziindwendwe weemonki. Xa uninzi iingxelo uyakwazi ukufumana amazwi bomntu ngenxa ubuhle ekuseni oxhaphakileyo kwi woonongendi, apho iindonga zamandulo voznosyaschiesya esibhakabhakeni iicawa uThixo amajukujuku ezimhlophe zadityaniswa kwi ngokuvumelana obungenakutshatyalaliswa, kunye emlanjeni omkhulu, eyaba uphawu lwe Russia endala.

Unga ukufikelela woonongendi ngephenyane evela Nizhny Novgorod. Abo banqwenela ukuba uthathe ithuba zezithuthi komhlaba kufuneka kufikelelwe kunye sebhasi Nizhny Novgorod kuwo umzi Shcherbinka Lyskovo, uze aqhubeke nohambo ukuya woonongendi ngeenqanawa, lemka pier yayo.