Muse Urania - le Ndithelekelele ngeenkwenkwezi

Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje musa ukuthetha ngobuchule yenzululwazi indlela esicinga ngayo komnyhadala, imibongo, imidlalo yeqonga okanye becula. Into yokuba amaGrike amandulo, ngokungafaniyo nathi, waqonda Space njengoko msebenzi ogqibeleleyo zobugcisa, kwaye Ndithelekelele Urania kwathathwa ngabo njengoko ziphefumlelwe ulwazi lwakhe. Kuba okokuqala igama lakhe kwiincwadi Western sifumaneka umsebenzi uHesiod. Phambi kokuba ufunde banzi ngale Urania ezininzi, uqhelane kunye nosapho waso waphezulu.

Ngoobani na yena?

Ngokutsho iingcamango yamaGrike, uthi - iintombi ezisithoba uthixo ophakamileyo nguZeyus kunye Mnemosyne, uthixokazi memory. Nganye msebenzi ithathwa ngokuba ibalulekile, ngokutsho amaGrike amandulo, yayikukuba umxhasi walo - neMuse, yaye ngalo ekuphuhliseni nempumelelo. Ukongeza, onke uthi, kuquka neMuse Urania, ehamba kunye waphefumlela Musagete-Apollo, uthixo kwezobugcisa kunye nemvisiswano obumntwisiweyo zonke izilumko, eqaqambileyo, ezintle, kubandakanywa yokuziphatha, inzululwazi kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zobugcisa.

Iindawo yokuvikela

Ukukhankanywa yokuqala uthi ezifumaneka imisebenzi kaHomer, neminye imithombo kwakhona ukunika inkcazelo malunga iintombi ezilithoba bakaZeyus kunye neendawo kweliso lenzululwazi art:

1. Calliope ( "ilizwi elihle") - le Ndithelekelele yombingelelo nobuthandazwe, lo izibongo yeqhawe. Yaba amaGrike yakhe ephakamileyo bakholwa Ndithelekelele kwaye uvezwa isidanga ngowakhe okanye nesithsaba entloko.
2. Clio ( "uzuko umphi") - le Ndithelekelele wembali, leyo, ngokutsho amaGrike amandulo, esibhalwe imisongo zalo naliphi, nkqu isiganeko incinane ukuya ukukhunjulwa kwabo ongekho.
3. Melpomene ( "ingoma, ukucula") - le Ndithelekelele ezibuhlungu, bethiwe wambu ngeengubo ezinde kumabala emidlalo, ephethe ngesandla sakhe imaski kakhulu.
4. Talia ( "ububele") - le Ndithelekelele of comedy, kunye isidanga elula ivy phezu kwentloko yakhe isigqumathelo comedy ngesandla.
5. Polyhymnia ( "Zininzi iingoma") - le Ndithelekelele amaculo engcwele abakhusela bathetha.
6. Terpsichore ( "umdaniso avuye") - le Ndithelekelele womjuxuzo, kuquka emitshatweni. Ambethe ingubo elula, phezu kwentloko - isidanga ivy, ezandleni ibamba a uhadi.
7. Euterpe ( "uvuyo") - le Ndithelekelele kwimibongo lyric kwaye kabani iintloko zinokuhonjiswa isidanga seentyatyambo. isixhobo wayo - nembande kabini.

8. Erato ( "elimnandi") - le Ndithelekelele uthando kunye nemibongo yomtshato. Yena baboniswa enxibe isidanga roses futhi njalo ezithile isixhobo somculo UmGrugra kunye nokuzila ezandleni, umzekelo, intambula okanye uhadi.

9. Urania - le Ndithelekelele ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nenzululwazi. I-cinci zonke iintombi nguZeyus , usisilumko nangokomyinge Pallas Athene. I Urania izandla kusoloko ngekompas kunye kwisigaba yasezulwini, enxibe ingubo inkwenkwezi igcwele-entloko - isithsaba namakroza.

Le Muse kakhulu

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, i Ndithelekelele Urania (ifoto eqingqiweyo zakhe ubona) - oyena mncinane phakathi oodade ezisithoba, kodwa kukwayinto onolwazi kwaye okrelekrele kubo. Mhle, efana njengabanye neMuse, ngokuba amaGrike belilinye kalokagathia siseko, ilele into yokuba ngaphandle intle oluhle ngaphakathi ngokunjalo. Ngoko Ukukhusela Arts and Sciences nje ayikwazanga kuba imbonakalo ebukekayo.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba Urania kunye noodade kunye uyesabeka, Musagete, ukudanisa eyonwabileyo akuba ehlekise ngaye kwi leqela imbeko leivy, limela ngamandla ulwazi Eyokuqiqa. Muse Urania iifowuni zonke masingasuki isiphithiphithi yobukho yemihla ngemihla ukwenzela ukuba ndibhaptize ngokwabo kwisifundo kwaye Eyokuqiqa ubomi sublime kwendawo yonke kunye ukuthabatheka iinkwenkwezi, ebonisa ikamva emhlabeni. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, bonke athile ikhe Ndithelekelele, Urania kule ukusetyenziswa kunye nekhampasi.

Kuba apho yena nguye onoxanduva?

ukuqonda kwethu ngoku emalunga nenzululwazi ngqo ezifana astronomi akuthethi avume naziphi na iingongoma yonqumlo kunye imibongo okanye enye zobugcisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokusekwa neentsomi zamaGrike kunye ukuvela izithethe astronomi zomculo ukuba ngaphezulu yobuciko ngaphezu an isayensi ngqo. Urania - le Ndithelekelele ngeenkwenkwezi iqala abanemathematika kwavela Greece yamandulo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amaGrike bakwazi ukufikelela phezulu kakhulu ekufundeni zezulu, iinkwenkwezi yonke. Kwaba eGrisi yamandulo kwi BC ngenkulungwane III. e. Aristarh Samossky kuqala ukuqulunqa hypothesis of heliocentrism, kunye kubalwa Eratosthenes Kirensk, wenza ngeenxa zonke ngexesha elinye, yenza isiseko khalenda ukuba sisebenzise namhlanje. Gipparch saseNicaea II BC leminyaka. e. Wakwazi ukwenza kwikhathalogu yokuqala "iinkwenkwezi esisigxina 'lokukhanya zabo kwaye khetha Uluhlu nentshukumo yenyanga ilanga. Kodwa udade Urania, Clio, umntu kakhulu isigqebelo: namhlanje eyaziwa ngokubanzi theory ngempazamo geocentric wabeka phambili kwi BC kwinkulungwane II. e. UKlawudiyo UPtolemy, wayekho isiseko beCawa imfundiso yamaKristu ubume iphela, kunokuba ukufunyanwa ngaphambili zezazinzulu zamaGrike.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ngeenkwenkwezi - inzululwazi Ndithelekelele Urania, esinye sezifundo endala. Wafundela abavumisi baseBhabhiloni noosiyazi, zobulumko zamaGrike kunye ukuxoxa, lendela kunye basebukhosini le Renaissance, ukuvumisa, nobugqi kunye iinkcuba ezinkulu kufutshane maxesha ethu. Isiqulatho nesayensi iingqiqo bekusoloko isiseko ngcinga ixesha elithile yaye phakathi longquzulwano iingcamango.

Aphrodite Ourania

Eneneni, kwiintsomi zamaGrike, wasebenzisa walithiywa "Urania" n

rimenitelno ukuya intombi yothixo esibhakabhakeni - Aphrodite, imela amandla yemvelo. Aphrodite Urania - amaGrike Iinkwenkwezi babemjonga kungekuphela nje sinoMthetheleli uthando olunyulu kunye nosapho, kodwa nje uthixo wenzala imikhosi kunye nezityalo, olawula emasimini, imiyezo, Ashera kunye nezidiliya.

Umfanekiso uranium kwimizobo

Ekubeni abenzi bemilingo of Greece yamandulo upasisiwe iinkulungwane, kodwa Ndithelekelele Urania wayesoloko waphefumlela ngeenkwenkwezi kuphela kunye izazinzulu ezinxulumene nayo. Ngumfanekiso Urania ingafumaneka kwi imizobo kaSimon Vouet "I uthi Urania and Calliope," Lui Tokke "Muse ngeenkwenkwezi," Angelica Kauffman kunye Lui De Boulogne, Ioganna Genriha kunye Eustache Le Sur, Yana Geveliya kunye nemikrolo yi Hendrick Goltzius. Kakade ke, lo Ndithelekelele kule mifanekiso neboniswe nezambatho ukumila ixesha xa Wadala igcisa, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kunye nekhampasi esandleni, okanye yokuloba, kunye nemephu isibhakabhaka ukho ngokuyimfuneko.

Ababhali kunye iimbongi zange kusinda ingqalelo yakhe: Urania - le Ndithelekelele ngeenkwenkwezi athi azala University kunye Tiutchev kwi "yokuqiqa odic." Yethu owayephila adumileyo iosif Brodsky lwapapashwa ngowama-1987, incwadi yemibongo "Ku Urania." ESt Petersburg sihlelwe ukufaka isi- imbongi ngohlobo amatye ezithathu oqingqiweyo neyama "Ku Urania."

Moscow Planetarium Urania wada udale Museum, apho kuboniswa owadalwa Jan Hevelius star iglowubhu, apho zipeyintwe kwinkulungwane XVII lekroza odumileyo. Ukongeza, le myuziyam features ezahlukeneyo izifundo umdla ezinxulumene ekufundweni emajukujukwini kunye neenkwenkwezi.