ICrimea, okanye Eastern, War

October 16, 1853 imfazwe Russian zavakaliswa kwicala Turkey. Xa historiography yasekhaya engena njengoko eCrimea, kwaye entshonalanga yaziwa ngokuba yiMfazwe eMpuma.

Kwesifo impi

Sele ekuqaleni ngoNovemba butho Russian e Sinop Bay ngempumelelo watshayela yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-Turkish yomkhosi wamanzi Forces. Ishumi elinesihlanu iinqanawa Turkish, kwakunye zokudubula phantsi ibhetri eso yaphukile. Nokuba East imfazwe ungquzulwano mazwe kuphela phakathi eRashiya Turkey, lowo uphumeleleyo uya kuba sobala. Noko ke, Ottoman nasePorte waba babehlangene enzima - France ne England. Okokugqibela, ukuba uthethe ngqo, waba iimbono zabo kulo mmandla Turkish, njengoko eli lizwe besiba oxhomekeke semi-thanga ithi enkulu Western Europe. Le basabela Amanyeneyo akazange ukuba ulinde ixesha elide. Njengoko ekuqaleni kuDisemba kulo nyaka, butho Franco-British icime unxweme eCrimea kunye War Eastern wangena kwisigaba yayo esebenzayo. Njengenxalenye yale imikhosi encedisayo yaba iinqanawa phantse asithoba ethwele ubugcisa elichubekileyo ixesha. England, ilandelwe yi-France baba amazwe yokuqala Yurophu asakhulayo ukusuka ezoshishino, leyo akuyi kuthiwa na amabanjwa ngexesha feudal yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Ukuze ukuba ukuvumela iinqanawa encedisayo kumhlaba umkhosi e Sevastopol, kwi Bay komzi ngoSeptemba 1854, iinqanawa ezisixhenxe batshoniswe, iintsalela apho ayengavunyelwa ukuba avale ukuya elunxwemeni. Oku kwaqala angqingo elide umzi, elisuke laba isiganeko ephambili yale mfazwe. Isixeko sithinjiwe ngendleko nelahleko ebonakalayo omabini kuphela ngenyanga yeshumi, nasekuxinweni, ngoSeptemba 1855.

Isigaba sesibini sale ekulweni

Noko ke, emva kokuwa Sevastopol East imfazwe ithe lugqityiwe. A into ngakumbi anokuvela Anglo-French yaba isixeko Nikolaev, ngexesha elalisakuba isiseko ephambili Black Sea Fleet, ihlathi layo kunye lwee- mveliso yokwakha, izitora zokudubula lonke zoku- inxenye. Uphelile Nikolaev kuthetha ilahleko phantse ngokupheleleyo Russia ithuba lokuba alwe abachasi kolwandle, uninzi bonke, ukulahlekelwa bonke ukufikelela kunxweme kuLwandle Black. Sele kwisiqingatha sokuqala ka Septemba 1855 malunga isixeko waqala ukwakha ucaphula basezinqabeni ukuzithethelela. Ndafika kuloo ndawo * uKhesare Alexander II (endleleni, weza etroneni nje ngaphambili, nkqu ngethuba lokuqhutywa imfazwe). Nikolaev wajoyina ekungqingweni. Zama ukuthatha eli inkampu kwenziwa liSebe squadrons British kwaye French ngo-Oktobha 1855. It yaphela nya Kinburn inqaba Ochakov elithathiweyo kunye ichweba Dnieper-Bug. Noko ke, yayikukuhambela phambili yotshaba kwanqandwa kule ndawo Voloska amathe volleys onamandla zokudubula. Eastern iCrimea War wafudukela kwisigaba kungekho kukhula.

Ukungena yehlabathi kunye neziphumo zawo

Emva thethwano ezinde, sivumelwano uxolo esayinwe Paris. Phezu kwako wokhuselo yimpumelelo Nikolaev, Eastern War ka 1853-1856 waye kakubi ebilahlekile. Phantsi imiqathango IziVumelwano yoxolo Russia, kunye Turkey iye yabhangiswa ngomkhosi elwandle, kwakunye nokuthintela ukusekwa isiseko yomkhosi wamanzi elunxwemeni. I-Sea Black kwathiwa cala kwaye sivulelekile ukuba iinqanawa zabarhwebi zonke iintlanga, nto leyo, Kakade, luncedo iinkampani zorhwebo Western baye bafumanisa ukuba bafumane iimarike ezintsha. I iCrimea War wabonisa ukungaphumeleli ubukhosi ayiqhelileyo imfazwe kunye nezoqoqosho. Kucacile ke ukuba zikhanyise imfuno engxamisekileyo iinguqu ezinkulu-isikali kweli lizwe. Njengesiphumo esithe ngqo kwesi ukoyiswa yaba ukupheliswa serfdom kunye nezinye inguqu kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho 1860s.