Imfazwe US-Japanese: imbali, inkcazelo ngezibakala umdla neziphumo

imfazwe US-Japanese ka-1941-1945. Kwaba nzima kakhulu kwaye zibe nemiphumela emibi. Zintoni izinto ezibangela le mfazwe wamagazi? Njengoko, yaye yintoni umphumo ayenalo? Ngubani ophumelele War US-Japanese? Oku kuya kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

ingxabano US-Japanese kunye oonobangela zemfazwe

Eziphikisanayo America kunye Japan zinembali ende ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19, xa baseMerika ezibekwe phezu Japanese na izivumelwano zorhwebo ngokulinganayo. Kodwa emva kokuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, isimo saba sibi nangakumbi njengoko phakathi kwala mazwe yaba umzabalazo iinkalo nempembelelo kummandla Asia-Pacific. Ngoko ke, ukususela ngowe-1931, Japan usaqhubeka ukoyisa China nokudala endaweni yayo isimo Manchukuo - yong, nto leyo ilawulwa phantse ngokupheleleyo yi-Japanese. Kungekudala zonke iinkampani US zaye bagxothwa kwimarike Chinese, nto leyo buthathaka ngokucacileyo i US sikhundla. Ngowe-1940 wokucinywa isivumelwano sorhwebo phakathi eUnited States naseJapan. NgoJuni 1941, imikhosi Japanese uthwebula Indochina French. Kungekudala, ekhawulelana ndlongo ka Julayi 26 US iye ebekwe korhwebo oyile eJapan kwixesha elizayo ukuze bajoyine ukukwaywa eNgilani. Ngenxa yoko, Japan kudingeka ukhetho: noba yenza ukuqhubeka nokunikezelwa imimandla kwingingqi kwaye uqale ungquzulwano zomkhosi eUnited States, okanye buya umva kwaye ukubona indima ephambili ye-US kule ngingqi. теперь очевидны. Izizathu imfazwe US-Japanese ngoku ezicacileyo. EJapan, Kakade ke, wakhetha ukhetho lokuqala.

United States

Urhulumente US ucinga eyongeziweyo lobeko lwe imfazwe kunye eJapan, ngokunxulumene amalungiselelo esebenzayo yomkhosi kunye weenqanawa. Ngenxa yoko, uthotho kutshintsho umkhosi noqoqosho: umthetho kwadluliselwa ngenkani, ukwanda mali emkhosini. Ngomhla olwandulela imfazwe kunye Japan, inani nabasebenzi US Army wayelingana million ikhulu elinamanci asibhozo amawaka abantu, apho weenqanawa amadoda amakhulu amathathu anamashumi amahlanu. Inani iinqanawa ye US Navy wayelingana iinqanawa 227 kweeklasi ezahlukeneyo 113 ii nkwili.

Japan

Japan, ngo-1941, nto leyo imisebenzi zomkhosi eTshayina, sele ulungiselela ekuqaleni imfazwe America. mali umkhosi yaseJapan ngelo xesha ngaphezu kwama-12 yen. Inani umkhosi waseJapan phambi kokuba imfazwe yaba 1.35 yezigidi emkhosini lomhlaba 350.000 kwi Navy. Inani weenqanawa landa yaye yaba 202 iziphekepheke ngwenya-50. Xa eyama, kukho zaliwaka moya kweeklasi ezahlukeneyo.

YaseJapan kuhlaselwa Pearl Harbor, i-United States bangene kwimbali iMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Uhlaselo Pearl Harbor - Ngesiquphe, ngaphandle sivakalisa imfazwe, moya kuhlaselwa kunye Japanese Imperial Army Fleet phezu US iinqanawa kunye nesiseko umoya, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi Hawaii, ngoDisemba 7, 1941.

Isigqibo malunga imfazwe eUnited States senziwe kwintlanganiso abalungiseleli Japanese uMlawuli Disemba 1, 1941. Ukuba ngenkuthalo Ukukhuthaza Army yaseJapan kummandla Asia-Pacific wayeza kutshabalalisa umkhosi wayo Pacific kuyimfuneko, nto leyo ebisebenza ngokupheleleyo emi phezu eOahu. Ukulungiselela le njongo yakhethwa loqhankqalazo preemptive nxamnye kwisiseko US Navy. Kakuhle eli kuhlasela ukuba usebenzisa isiphumo ngumothuko, esebenzisa moya lowo wayisusa ukusuka carrier moya, ukuba enze uhlaselo enamandla kwi kwisiseko. Ekugqibeleni, ngoDisemba 7, 1941, moya ezimbini, iphaphazela abemi abangama-440 iinqwelomoya Japanese babenikelwe.

ilahleko US baba ezinkulu enyanisweni zitshatyalaliswe okanye ogula wabonakala 90% of America i-Pacific Fleet. Total Amerika ezilahlekileyo iinqanawa 18: Zempi 8, abonakalisi 4, 3 cruisers, ilahleko moya lilingana 188 moya. Iilahleko kubasebenzi ifikelele amanani enkulu, wababulala abantu 2.400 walimala 1200. Japan okwabangela ilahleko umyalelo ziwe ngaphantsi, badutyulwa phantsi 29 moya, wababulala abantu abamalunga nama-60.

Ngenxa yoko, December 8 1941, eUnited States, elikhokelwa nguMongameli Franklin D. Roosevelt impi eJapan wangena ngokusesikweni WWII.

Inyathelo lokuqala: Japan loyiso

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kuhlaselwa isiseko kwi Pearl Harbor, phezu iliza yempumelelo kunye usebenzise ukudideka kunye US isiphithiphithi, babebanjwe Guam kunye Wake Island, yeharim eMelika. Ngo March 1942 yaseJapan sele kufuphi nonxweme Australia, kodwa akukho nako ukufaka kwikhompyutha. Ngokubanzi, kwiinyanga ezine zokuqala yemfazwe, Japan sele iphumelele iziphumo ezibalaseleyo. usingasiqithi yathinjwa Malaysia, ummandla we-Dutch East eqhotyoshelweyo - India, Hong Kong, kwiiPhilippines, kumazantsi iBurma. uloyiso yaseJapan kwinqanaba lokuqala ziyacaca kuphela yimiba zomkhosi, enye impumelelo ubukhulu becala ngenxa ndacinga kakuhle gca umgaqo advocacy. Ngenxa yoko, abantu wePalestina wathi Japan uze kubakhulula impiriyali wamagazi. Ngenxa yoko, ngoDisemba 1941 - Matshi 1942 eJapan sithinjiwe ummandla ubungakanani ngaphezulu kwe-4 million ezikwere zeekhilomitha esinabantu abantu abazizigidi ezingama-200. Lost ngexesha elifanayo abantu kuphela 15 amawaka, iinqwelo-moya 400 neenqanawa-4. ilahleko US kwikhompyutha kuphela ifikelele kwi amawaka 130. isosha.

Inyathelo lesibini: senguquko emfazweni

Emva kokuba idabi ulwandle ngoMeyi 1942 kuLwandle Coral, nangona yaphela uloyiso Committe eJapan, nto leyo eye kufunxwa kabuhlungu akazange ngokucacileyo njengokuba ngaphambili, kwabakho utshintsho olukhulu emfazweni. Oku kucingwa ukuba umhla kwemfazwe Midway Juni 4, 1942. Ngale mini, Navy US iphumelele uloyiso yokuqala enkulu. Japan walahlekelwa babethwele ezine moya nxamnye 1 US. Emva kwale boyisiwe, Japan ayisa ukwenza imisebenzi ekhubekisayo, swi kukhuseleko imimandla oyisa ngaphambili.

Emva kokuba uloyiso emfazweni kangangeenyanga ezintandathu abaseMelika oko wabuyela ulawulo kwisiqithi Guadalcanal. Kwixesha elizayo, phantsi kolawulo USA kunye namahlakani ayo wawela Aleutian kunye Solomon Islands, New Guinea, kunye Gilbert Islands.

Isigaba sokugqibela zemfazwe: kokoyiswa Japan

Ngowe-1944, isiphumo imfazwe US-Japanese sele wagqiba. I-Japanese ke kancane kwimimandla yawo. Umsebenzi ophambili kurhulumente Japanese sele e China kanti nokhuseleko. Kodwa ukusukela ekupheleni kukaFebruwari ukuya kuSeptemba 1944, Japan waphulukana olawula Marshall, Mariana, Caroline Islands kunye New Guinea.

Waqalwa US-Japanese War yaba uloyiso ngokusebenza Philippine, elaqala ngo-Oktobha 17, 1944. iilahleko Japan ebudeni US okuhlaselayo namahlakani alo aye yintlekele, batshoniswe yi Zempi amathathu, abathwali ezine moya, cruisers ezilishumi, kubabulali elinanye. ilahleko Personnel wayelingana 300 lamawaka. Man. US kunye nelahleko encedisayo yaba kuphela 16 amawaka amathandathu neenqanawa kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo.

Ebutsheni bowe-1945, le nkundla semisebenzi bafudukela kummandla Japan. Februwari 19 waba ngeenyawo zakhe kwisiqithi Iwo Jima, nto leyo ngethuba ukumelana bungwanyalala wathathwa kungekudala. June 21, 1945 yathinjwa kwisiqithi Okinawa.

Zonke iimfazwe ngokukodwa kummandla Japan baba ezinobundlobongela, njengoko uninzi amajoni Japanese ebeyinalo ngokuphathelele le samurai waza walwa kuse ekupheleni, wakhetha abathinjwa ukufa. Owona mzekelo okuphawuleka ukusetyenziswa iiyunithi umyalelo kamikadze Japanese.

NgoJulayi 1945, urhulumente waseJapan wacelwa ukuba anikezele, kodwa Japan akazange anikezele, yaye kungekudala emva koko US iipleyini zemfazwe kuhlaselo enyukliya izixeko Japanese ka iHiroshima Nagasaki zilandelayo. Kwaye ke yesibini ngoSeptemba 1945 ababekhwele kweso sikhephe "Missouri" yaba ukusayinwa iSixhobo Japanese of Ukubuyiselwa. Kule imfazwe phakathi US kunye Japan kwalo, njengokuba yena II, nangona ngokusesikweni ngokuba Japan WWII yaphela ngo-1951 ngokutyikitya le San Francisco iSivumelwano.

Iziqhushumbisi atom of iHiroshima Nagasaki

Kuba isiphelo ekhawulezayo imfazwe kunye Japan, urhulumente US wenza isigqibo sokuba ukusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya. Kukho iithagethi eziliqela ukuba bombing, ingcamango aseMelika ekujoliswe zomkhosi kuphela ulicekisile nangoko ngenxa yethuba kwe miss kwindawo encinane. Ukukhetha wawa imizi Japanese ka iHiroshima Nagasaki, njengoko le ndawo indawo elungileyo kunye neempawu landscape yabo ubonelela nokwandisa uluhlu kuba bengaphumelelanga.

Isixeko yokuqala, leyo lawisa yenyukliya umthamo iibhombu elinesibhozo kilotons, waye isixeko eHiroshima. Ezabo ilahliwe kusasa Agasti 6, 1945 kunye B-29 bomber. ukulahleka labantu yaba abantu malunga 100-160 amawaka. Kwiintsuku ezintathu emva koko, ngo Agasti 9 yathotyelwa kwimeko bombing atom ka Nagasaki, ngoku amandla dubulo leyo mabini kilotons, baneminyaka uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo malunga 60-80 amawaka abantu. Ifuthe ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo atomic yanyanzela urhulumente Japanese ukuba uyavuma ukuba anikezele.

Isiphumo kunye neziphumo

Emva ngokuqaphela kokoyiswa ngoSeptemba 2, 1945 waqalisa umsebenzi Japan amabutho yaseMelika. Lo msebenzi waze 1952, xa esayiniweyo wangena force on San Francisco uxolo sivumelwano. Emva kokoyiswa yaseJapan akuvumelekile ukuba umkhosi wamajoni kunye nomoya. Umgaqo-nkqubo lonke Japan kunye US sezoqoqosho umyalelo. Japan yamkela umgaqo-siseko omtsha, ukuba ipalamente entsha, owakubhangisayo okunene kwasekwa udidi samurai, kodwa gunya kuhlala ngokusesikweni, kwakubon 'ukuba kukho ingozi yokuba ezidubedube ethandwayo. ummandla wayo ligcinwe amabutho aseMelika kunye neziseko zomkhosi baye bakha ukuba kukho ngoku.

iilahleko amaqela

Imfazwe Japan kunye United States uye ilahleko enkulu abantu kula mazwe. US walahlekelwa abantu nje 106.000. Kubandakanywa 27 amawaka amajoni namabanjwa American emfazwe 11 amawaka wafa ekuthinjweni. ilahleko Japan bakaThixo amajoni malunga 1 lezigidi njengoko uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo 600,000 abangalwiyo.

anika umdla

Kukho iimeko ezininzi apho amajoni omkhosi waseJapan waqhubeka ukuba baqhube imisebenzi emkhosini nxamnye baseMerika emva kokuphela impi. Ngoko ke, ngoFebruwari 1946 Lubanga island ngexesha ukudubula amajoni US ezisibhozo babulawa amabutho US. NgoMatshi 1947, malunga 30 amajoni Japanese wahlasela umkhosi American kwisiqithi Peleliu, kodwa emva kokuba baxelelwa ukuba impi elide ngaphezulu, amajoni yanikezela.

Kodwa ityala edume olu hlobo yi impi kwi Philippines yesibini sombutho ubukrelekrele Japanese Hiro Onoda. Kuyinto phantse iminyaka engamashumi wenze malunga ukuhlaselwa ezilikhulu kwi-US emkhosini, nto leyo ikhokelele babulawa yaye kwalimala abantu abangamashumi amathathu ananye ezilikhulu. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1974, wanikezela ZePhilippines Army - iyunifom ngokupheleleyo-armed kakuhle.