Giant ubuvila Megatherium: Inkcazo

Kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo babeziindleko ezinkulu zehlabathi ukuya isilwanyana, imbonakalo apho umntu namhlanje abayazi, ngenxa yokuba ixesha elide ukususela bafa ngaphandle, eshiya kuphela iintsalela, izazinzulu ukubuyisela ibile isoma ukuze ukubonakala kwazo kunye nemikhwa. Kanye green Kusch Americas zazizihambela sloths ezinkulu Megatherium. izilwanyana Giant-ubungakanani ulonwabele iindlovu ezimbini amagqabi ezinamagqabi kunye emithini. ubuvila Giant wayethabatha oluhlaza ngokulula, ehleli phezu imilenze yakhe yangasemva. isihlobo Modern yale ingxilimbela kubonakala ukuba kuthelekiswa naye uboya semali encinane ijinga kwisebe lomthi.

Abaphandi kufumana kunye kwesayensi izazinzulu

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala iintsalela ubuvila emhlabeni omkhulu esafunyanwa bezithanga kwiSipanish ka1789 eArgentina, kufuphi Buenos Aires. Abantu zomthonyama Patagonia wacinga ukuba amathambo lilungu adla enkulu. Ngokutsho legend zasekuhlaleni, emva kokuba ephumile emhlabeni waza wabulawa kwelanga.

Viceroy amakoloni baseSpeyin le Marquis of Loreto nangoko wathumela amathambo ku Madrid. Xa uphando eyinkunzi "adla" uhlala Inzululwazi abangene Jose Garriga. Sele 1796 wapapasha iphepha yezenzululwazi apho wachaza izilwanyana endala extinct.

Garriga kuthelekiswa kunye indlovu, ngokuba ubukhulu kwesilwanyana South American akazange ingenelwe. Kodwa imilenze yakhe iinyawo ezinkulu ixesha elide kwaye usinda ngaphezu indlovu, kunye nokumila lukakayi, njengoko kuchaziwe umsebenzi wakhe sisazinzulu, wakhangela ngathi intloko ubuvila.

ubungakanani bayo onomtsalane isilwanyana kuye ngokuba "Megatherium", gama elo elithetha "irhamncwa enkulu". Ngoko ke semvelo Narok Zhorzh Kyuve, ujonge lo mfanekiso amathambo, awamthumayo abantu baseSpeyin ukuya Paris Academy of Sciences. Scientist French, kwakunye Jose Garriga, safunda eziphilileyo ukhokho olungaziwayo lwe ubuvila mihla.

uchulumanco jikelele emhlabeni isilwanyana extinct

Abaphandi kufumana kunye kwesayensi izazinzulu waba imvakalelo eYurophu. Ngoko ke imbongi German omkhulu I. V. Gote lanikezela isincoko yonke giant ubuvila. Museums, ukufumana amathambo akhe, babekulungele ukunika yonke mali zazo zonyaka. Ukumkani Carlos IV yaseSpain babefuna ukuzisa isilwanyana Madrid. Kwaye ke irhuluneli zange awukhathalele ukuba ufile okanye uyaphila. Lowo ngokungazi babekholelwa ukuba Yehlabathi Elitsha, njengoko koko kwathiwa Melika, nangoku kumiwa Megatherium.

Uchulumanco ngeenxa wazola de phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX, xa sele kufunyenwe iintsalela dinosaur. Ngeli xesha e Patagonia ezityelelwe ngabaphandi abaninzi. Ukongeza amathambo Megatherium baye bafumana ikhethe phezu kweendonga ezinodaka lwemilambo, amaqhekeza, ihlala ulusu neenwele kwi emiqolombeni. Ngenxa sezulu esibandayo kunye olulophu Patagonia isoloko ezigcinwe kakuhle, ukuvumela paleontologists ekuhambeni kwexesha, hayi nje lokuphinda umfanekiso kwezilwanyana yamandulo, kodwa ukuchaza imikhwa yakhe yokutya.

Inkangeleko ubuvila Megatherium elikhulu

Giant ubuvila Megatherium ufikelela umphakamo eziimitha ezintathu. Ngaphezu koko, ukukhula isilwanyana kabini xa waphakama ngemilenze yayo yangasemva. A irhamncwa elikhulu, anobunzima ezine kule sikhundla izihlandlo ezibini ngaphezu indlovu. Oku kubangelwa ukuya ubude ubuvila buti, oziimitha ezintandathu.

Megatherium iingubo ingubo elingqingqwa, naphantsi yaba kakhulu isikhumba tight. Ulusu of a ubuvila omkhulu ukomeleza ibhodi ithambo encinane. Le inshorensi wenziwe Megatherium phantse anihlasele. kukwenzakala kwakhe akwazi nokuba ukwenza loo irhamncwa eziyingozi ezifana saber-unamazinyo ingwe.

ubuvila Giant balihlutha isitya ngokubanzi, imilenze enamandla inzipho irhengqa ukufikelela ubude-17 cm, kunye nomsila otyebileyo ngokungaqhelekanga ukuba bavula emhlabeni.

intloko sesilwanyana lincinane ngobukhulu xa kuthelekiswa ngomzimba, ubuso bakhe baba side.

Ukufumana phakathi sloths elikhulu?

Megatherium ukudlula imithi ezifana inzala yayo mihla. Okunye Charles Darwin, ngubani wafunda isidumbu sakhe kwinkulungwane XVIII, uthe olu phawu yesilwanyana kwenye imisebenzi yakhe. Wayebonakala ingcamango ezingenangqondo ubukho zezityalo enokumelana ingxilimbela enjalo.

Xa isifundo kwamathambo ukuba ivela Patagonia Darwin eNgilani, yaye uNjingalwazi Richard uThami. Yaba nguye lowo wacebisa ukuba Megatherium enambuzelayo emhlabeni. Xa uhamba, lo ubuvila isigebenga njenge aardvark yanamhlanje akathanga bathembele yonke ngeenyawo, yaye buthelezi yayo, ukuze abambelele neenzipho emhlabeni. Ngenxa yoku, yena ihamba ngokucotha yaye angenzi kancinane.

izazinzulu Modern bathi Megatherium akwazi ukuhamba ngemilenze yayo yangasemva. Ngoko ke, izifundo biomechanical olwenziwe A. Casino ngowe-1996, wabonisa ukuba isakhiwo skeletal ye ubuvila omkhulu kuvunyelwa ukuba uqhubeke kuphela phezu kwabo. Noko ke, eli rhamncwa ehamba tye unanamhla uhlala ngumba ibunzi emhlabeni yesayensi.

Features Power Megatherium

Megatherium ngayo edentates ezincancisayo kwalusa ikakhulu izityalo. Ubume kwemihlathi yangasentla ibonisa ukuba isilwanyana yaba eliphezulu iindevu ubungakanani elide umxhelo, ngokuqhelekileyo zasendle herbivorous.

ubuvila komhlaba Giant wamvusa phezu imilenze yakhe yexhama, amasebe imithi endinomdla kuye, wasiqhekeza amagqabi ezinamagqabi namahlumela abaselula, wadla nawo. wakhonza lakhe esinqeni ububanzi, omkhulu iinyawo kunye nomsila otyebileyo obude inkxaso ukuba, ngaphandle umgudu, ukwanela amagqabi. Kutshanje, izazinzulu babeqinisekile ukuba ubuvila wazikrazula amagqabi kunye ngoncedo ngalulwimi elide ngokungaqhelekanga. Noko ke, uphando lwakutsha nje luye lwabonisa ukuba isakhiwo izidlele zayo kuthintele ukuyilwa zihlunu, leyo umenze.

Ngaphandle megatherium amahlamvu awo imithi Sasidla iingcambu. Ikuthatha emhlabeni usebenzisa neenzipho elide.

Ngaba Megatherium kuba nomzingeli?

Megatherium yezizathu samiliselwa ngokungaphelelanga esihamba. Scientist M. S. Bargo kuqhutywa ngo-2001 isifundo kwezixhobo zamazinyo ye ubuvila omkhulu. Oko kwabonisa ukuba akayi izityalo kuphela, kodwa ukutya inyama utya. amazinyo izilwanyana zemveli kufuneka imilo elingunxantathu kwaye ngokwaneleyo ezibukhali. Ngoncedo lwabo, ubuvila isigebenga kukwazi nje kuphela ukuhlafuna amagqabi, kodwa inyama. Mhlawumbi wenza iintlobo kwisidlo sakho, esidla nenkqo, ngokukhetha ixhoba kumarhamncwa okanye othathe ngokwakhe.

Megatherium waba olecranon ngokwanelisayo elifutshane, ngenxa apho imilenze yawo engaphambili baba zikhululekile kakhulu. iimpawu ezifanayo neenyamakazi becala ezidla. Ngaloo megatherium unamandla ezaneleyo nesantya ukuhlasela, umzekelo, glyptodonts. Ukongeza, iziphumo zohlalutyo biomechanical kwabonisa ukuba iinzipho zabo elide ubuvila isigebenga ngokulula kusetyenziswa isixhobo amadabi kunye nezinye izilwanyana. Sekunjalo, izazinzulu ezininzi fumana ingcamango eli rhamncwa ezidla kuyathandabuzeka kakhulu.

Umfanekiso wobomi yamandulo silwanyana

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba Megatherium ndlongondlongo okanye akunjalo, engabanga iintshaba. Iindawo ezinika umdla ngokusebenzisa amahlathi kunye namasimi wenkomo elikhulu ukuba ningoyiki ubomi bakhe, imini nobusuku.

sloths Giant, ngokutsho izazinzulu ezininzi, ufike kumaqela amancinane. Kukho imbono eyahlukileyo njengako apho ezi zilwanyana yodwa kuhlala emiqolombeni esitheleyo yedwa kunye nabantu nesawo ezikufutshane enye kwenye kuphela ngexesha ukusukelwa kwaye bekhulisa abantwana.

Xa Megatherium yaye babehlala phi?

Njengoko kuboniswe Radiocarbon ukuthandana kwamathambo, ngoku ezincancisayo extinct ukuvela eMhlabeni malunga nezigidi ezibini kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ngexesha Pliocene. Ekuqaleni, sloths isigebenga kumiwa enengca kunye nezahlulo ezinamahlathi yoMzantsi Merika. Kamva, bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa kwaye kwiindawo sezulu ngokoma. amathambo yezilwanyana, abaphandi Andizifumananga kuphela Argentina kodwa eBolivia, Chile kunye Peru. Icandelo Megatherium yezizathu bafudukela ku North America. Oku kungqinwa afumaneka kwi kwilizwekazi Amanxiwa ubuvila omkhulu.

Izizathu ezinokwenzeka wokutshabalala kwezilwanyana yamandulo

Ezi zilwanyana eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye wasinda de Pleistocene waza saphela malunga 8,000 eminyaka eyadlulayo. Malunga isizathu sokuba Kwathi, oosonzululwazi bathi. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba izilwanyana ababanga nako ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu. Noko ke, isibakala sokuba Megatherium kangangamawaka eminyaka apha naphaya ngempumelelo iimeko ezintsha, ubungqina nasiphi na isizathu lokutshabalala zabo, ezizezi imbonakalo lwase oluntu, ngubani ngenkohlakalo wabatshabalalisa khona iingxilimbela shaggy, babezingela neemfele zazo. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba izinyanya ezi amaIndiya amandulo, waza waba Megatherium extinct. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhla elibukhali kubemi kunye zanyamalala ezilandelayo kweentlobo enokuchaphazela zombini izinto ngaxeshanye.

Amavo abasinde Megatherium

Ukususela inzululwazi kwimbambano wothabatha kwebali rhamncwa elikhulu, amathambo uyifumene kanye baseSpeyin abaye bafunda Yehlabathi Elitsha, usahleli. Kanye Yeti wasentsomini, efihla emehlweni babantu. Rumor na ukuba sloths ngxilimbela ahlala Andes namhlanje. Kakade ke, uguqulelo eso silwanyana yamandulo extinct nangoku uhamba ukuba babeziindleko yoMzantsi Merika, akukholisi, kodwa lo mbono besini Iyandonwabisa ingqalelo yabantu, ebanyanzela ukuba ukujonga ubungqina elingenakuphikiswa ngenyaniso yayo.