Russian, usomachiza eSoviet Nina Andreeva: engobomi, olufunyanisiweyo, impumelelo kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Siyazi ezininzi oonjingalwazi kunye nabaphandi, owathi kamva waba iinkokeli zezopolitiko? Kule mihla abantu basoloko ngaphezu tipolitiki abaneemfuno ezizodwa zemfundo, okanye amagosa aphezulu kwamashishini amakhulu. Kodwa kule minyaka perestroika, izinto ezazithe ezahlukeneyo. Abo owadala iqela, waba injongo enye - ukuba izimvo zabo kwinginginya, efuna ubomi obungcono ebantwini. Abazange ayabasukela injongo ukuba uthathe indawo, "kwi emkhumbini." Enye abemi ezilula abo banqwenela ukwenza kwihlabathi elingcono, waba ngumfundisi enye Research Institute of the USSR - UNina.

iingxelo emfutshane

Andreeva UNina Aleksandrovna - semichiza Russian kunye wezopolitiko Soviet kunye Russia mihla. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uluntu sele akusoloko bangaliboni kakuhle, eli bhinqa enokuba nempembelelo indlela yembali. umfazi yokuthandwa oneminyaka engama-78 ubudala iye yazuza emva kokupapashwa lesincoko (inqaku Andreeva) "Andikwazi ndiyilahle kwimigaqo." Abanye abagxeki bakholelwa ukuba lo mbhalo kungaba yenye izizathu zokuba kungani na eSoviet Union iwa. Kodwa ngaba ngokwenene? Makhe uphando.

Biography: Nina Andreeva

October 12, 1938 eLeningrad (USSR) wazalwa intombazana, uNina. Uyise waba abasebenzi izibuko elula. Yena wafa ngaphambili ngexesha Second World War.

Nina Andreeva wafumana imfundo yakhe evela kumama wakhe, owayesebenza njengoko oomatshini kwi kwisityalo laseKirov. Imfazwe yathatha ekhemesti elizayo uyise nje kuphela, kodwa umzalwana abadala kunye nodadewabo.

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, Nina Andreeva wayemthanda inzululwazi. Yena ngenkuthalo kufundwe esikolweni, ngoko wawongwa imbasa yegolide ukugqitywa kwalo. Ukuba imfundo yamabanga ezifunyenweyo, ibhinqa eliselula wangena iLeningrad Institute of Technology, ukukhetha elithile, kwaye uvumo yemichiza. Kodwa akanamdla kakhulu kwinzululwazi ngokwawo, kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo, elibonelela ukuba uqeqesho olulodwa. Intombazana ngelo xesha abafumana iingxaki ezinkulu zemali. Zobungcali of ibhinqa eliselula emva kokuphumelela waqalisa ukusebenza spetskeramikoy.

Nina Andreeva waphumelela kwikholeji iimbeko. Kamva, kakhulu bagqiba ngempumelelo izifundo post-graduate waza wafumana isidanga zenzululwazi zobugcisa.

iminyaka yomsebenzi

Emva kokuphumelela, Nina Andreeva wasebenza kwi Research Institute of iglasi zwi kwi umphandi post. Emva koku, yena wafundisa abafundi of chemistry wenyama iLeningrad Institute of Technology.

Ngowe-1966, wazibandakanya nomkhosi Communist Party eSoviet Union, ecinga yena ongakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo. Xa isigqibo inyathelo lolawulo Andreeva Nina Aleksandrovna, apho inzululwazi ebesoloko uhamba phambili, uye wagxothwa emsebenzini wakhe. Uye uphum'aphele leliqela. Kodwa ke ngo-1981, Nina Alexandrovna wambuyisela eposini, kunye nobulungu emva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa ummi PDAs (CC CPSU).

Chikin Valentin, umhleli oyintloko iphephandaba "Soviet Russia", wathi xa nokuqokelela ulwazi malunga Andreeva phambi ukupapasha inqaku yakhe edumileyo, ulawulo eyunivesithi ukunika iintatheli kunye nenkcazelo kakhulu bala zonke-xesha abafazi zokusebenza. NoNina Andreeva wafundisa ukususela 1972 ukuya 1991.

Baiting Andreeva uguqule nomsebenzi

Ekuqaleni kuka-1988 kweli phephandaba "Soviet Russia" lapapasha inqaku, nto leyo eyabhalwa Nina Andreeva "Andikwazi ndiyilahle kwimigaqo." kweeveki ezintathu kamva, kwabhalwa kwathiwa disavowed i "inyaniso" kwinqaku "Imigaqo ngokutsha:. iingcinga revolution kunye isenzo"

Emva koku, le ntshutshiso Andreeva. yonke yaphelela ukuze umyeni wakhe, Nina Alexandrovna isifo sentliziyo eziliqela, kodwa utitshala "wapheleka" kwindawo yomsebenzi.

Yintoni elandelayo?

Ngokuqinisekileyo yaba nqanaba nzima ebomini Andreeva. Kodwa ke ngo-1989, yena wabubhekisa All-Union Society (Party) "Umanyano", iyazikhusela noLenin nezimvo Russian yezopolitiko. Ngowe-1991, Andreev waba yinkokeli yepati "yamaBolshevik Platform of the CPSU"

Yaye ekupheleni ekwindla konyaka omnye, uNina uba intloko wombutho "All-Union Communist Party." Kodwa njengoko Heroine wethu, wayengazange ndiyilangazelela ngamandla. bonke Kwathi ngokwalo.

Kulandele intetho phambi kokuba abafundi iziko ukuba "socialism Akanakoyiswa." Kulo mzekelo, sezopolitiko imazi, inkokeli omkhulu, wahlala endlini kwemi-uthobekile, kungekhona ntoni na iingxaki ezinxulumene ekuphuculeni yobomi bemihla ngemihla.

imisebenzi eziphawulekayo

Ngaxeshanye kunye imisebenzi lezopolitiko ngexesha yayo echumayo Nina Andreeva ukuba babhale iincwadi kwaye ukupapasha amanqaku:

1. Ingqokelela iphepha 368: "Imigaqo Nepodarennye, okanye A History Emfutshane perestroika", 1993.
2. "Ukuhleba socialism alwamkelekanga", 1992.
3. Collection lweentetho "Kuba Bolshevism kwi intshukumo wamaKomanisi", 2002.
4. Famous inqaku of iphepha 2 - "andikwazi ukuyeka siseko", 1988.

Wathini bathi kwinqaku odumileyo?

Entwasahlobo, Matshi 13, inqaku Andreeva yapapashwa ngowe-1988, "Andikwazi ndiyilahle kwimigaqo." Itekisi le leta lokukhala intliziyo ngutitshala eSoviet. Eli nqaku wawulahla izinto epapashwe kumajelo eendaba, apho emva kokuqalisa ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso ngokutsha baqalisa ukumgxeka socialism kunye nomgaqo Stalin kaThixo.

Andreev uthe, Kakade ke, njengabo bonke abantu Soviet, isiphathele sengqondo esibi ukuba umgaqo wobunkokheli amaxesha USSR, xa kwakukho ukubulawa kwabantu, babathwalela ngaphandle impindezelo abantu (30-40s). Kodwa njengokuba uNina ubonisa ukuba akukho mfuneko ukwabela umsindo wabo kwi-nkqubo iinkokeli zangaphambili iyonke, njengoko kwenziwa kumajelo eendaba.

Andreeva indumiso ngokupheleleyo kukaStalin kwileta yakhe. Njengoko kwiimpikiswano zokhuselo umfazi ukhokela ileta fake eya Churchill. kufuneka utitshala akwazi ukubuyela iqela kwiklasi enye novavanyo nkqubo Stalin kaThixo. Ngokutsho Andreev, oko kuthiwa kumaphephandaba ngexesha okubhaliweyo kwisicatshulwa buyayigqwetha imbali ithatha izibakala.

Umbhali uthi abantu agxeke olobusoshiyali, ababambelele West kunye cosmopolitanism. Abaxhasi "umlimi socialism" nazo phantsi ukugxekwa nongenanceba ukusuka Andreeva. Kwintshayelelo ukuya nqaku wasebenzisa quote Gorbachev, apho umgaqo-nkqubo ithi phantsi akukho bhaxa akakwazi esichengeni kwimigaqo abangabaxhasi bakaMarx-Leninist.

Sithini na ke ngoko?

Ekupheleni kukaMatshi 1988 ileta Niny Andreevoy kuxoxwa kwi Politburo xa isicelo ngokutsha uMikhail Gorbachev. Kwintlanganiso , nguDmitry Yazov inkxaso utitshala, ebeka ugxininiso kwimfaneleko kukaStalin ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. uloyiso abukhange bufikelelwe kuthiwa ngaphandle inkokeli.

Kuba abaphandi abaninzi mbali ixesha imbonakalo inqaku kunye nengxoxo elandelayo sibe izinto ezingundoqo ngokutsha. Kodwa ke umbhali (Andreeva), ileta yakhe yaba yimpendulo imibhalo Prohanova Aleksandra.

umyeni Andreeva

Emva kokuphumelela, Nina Andreeva watshata umfundisi karhulumente efanayo apho wasebenza. Biography kanye nombono ebomini amaqabane ifana kakhulu.

Wazalwa VI Klyushin January 23, 1926. Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo wangena iLeningrad endiza yesikolo. Ngexesha singqingiwe njalo ke dolophu wasebenza lathe zezixhobo mveliso. Ngowe-1943 Klyushin waya ngaphambili, apho waba inkampani inkokheli submachine Komsomol. Waye kabi 1944 kwidabi for eLeningrad. Emva kokuba umntu esibhedlele wakhonza kwi First Tomsk zokudubula School, ngoko ke waba yintloko ye zazithi- kwi ukudubula. Kwakufuneka ndenze namabhaso kunye iimbasa nezokhuselo eli lizwe.

Emva kokugqiba emkhosini Klushin wangena iLeningrad State University. Zhdanov, Faculty of Philosophy. Emva kokufumana idiploma, emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo waya kusebenza kwi-Institute of Chemical Technology. Ngowe-1971 wamela sobugqirha wakhe waba uprofesa.

Klyushin Andreeva wahlala kunye ubomi elide. Ngo-Oktobha 1996, enye indoda yafa. Ngobume bempilo yakhe abachatshazelwa yi ntshikilelo ngasekupheleni sha-80, xa ecaleni umfazi wakhe onke amalungu entsapho baphuma amazwi yonke uncomplimentary. Kunjalo iqabane Andreeva usoloko nelunda umfazi wakhe, waba ngenkxaso yakhe kunye nenkxaso yonke imihla yakhe.

Russian (Soviet) yemichiza Nina Andreeva negalelo kwimbali perestroika kwaye lihlala kwimemori abantu abaninzi. ukubhala abantwana bakhe bafunde izifundo kwimbali yesikolo. Ukongeza, ekhemesti ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwaye utitshala negalelo emsebenzini wakhe zenzululwazi. Kodwa uninzi lolutsha lwanamhlanje iya kuhlala i "umakhulu-Ninulkoy", kanye ngokuba abantwana bakhe, ibhinqa wakwazi ukuxhathisa inkqubo, akhusela iimbono zabo zopolitiko kunye nendawo yoluntu.