Bronchiectasis - yintoni na le nto? bronchiectasis lung

amatyala izifo abhalwe rhoqo kwi amayeza namhlanje ebizwa ngokuba "bronchiectasis". Le yimeko esiyingozi ukuvela sizoku lwisana zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Kakade ke, izigulane ezijongene nale sifo, ifuna naluphi na ulwazi malunga neengozi, iimpawu kunye neendlela zonyango sifo.

Bronchiectasis - yintoni na le nto?

Ekubeni izifo ezinjalo ziquka inani izifo isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Yintoni na izigulane langutane unesifo 'bronchiectasis "? Le meko sikhatshwa ukwanda ngamandla kwimimandla bronchi ngenxa yomonakalo eludongeni inyumoniya.

Le sifo kuchaphazela iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo bronchi, kodwa ukwandiswa iindonga bronchioles nomyinge wobukhulu waphawula kakhulu qho. Le nkqubo enxulumene ilahleko yethishyu luthambe. Ngokutsho manani, amadoda ngezifo enjalo ibhaliwe rhoqo amaxesha malunga 3 ngaphezu besini esahlukileyo. Amaxesha amaninzi leyo ukugula umphunga, kodwa kwemiphunga bronchiectasis lungelo azixhaphakanga. Iingcali abathi kwamanani aqokelelweyo okunjalo ukuze mithambo le bronchus ekhohlo mncinci kakhulu futhi yakha constriction kwi kwisiza komzimba kwemithambo pulmonary of inflection.

Ngelishwa, ukususela bronchiectasis olunqabileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba balahle ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ngoncedo unyango ezikhethiweyo kakuhle Uthumelo inkqubo wentshabalalo eludongeni inyumoniya.

Ezibangela isifo

Bronchiectasis isenokuba iziphene okanye lufundiwe. Sithetha ngayo mgaqweni iziphene, oko kudla enxulumene ne ubukho ukungaqheleki yemfuza kunye nokomzimba. Bronchiectasis sivame ukuba abantwana abaphethwe abanesigulo esinganyangekiyo kunye nezifo imibala ithi, kwakunye nenani nezinye izifo, kuquka syndrome Young, yiMarfan, Kartagener.

Ezifuniweyo bronchiectasis ezingapheliyo rhoqo ukuvela imvelaphi zizifo zamaphaphu, kuquka inyumoniya, isifo sephepha, unkonkonko. Imiba yomngcipheko zibandakanya kunye nezifo komzimba. Le ngezifo esinxulunyaniswa kunye nobukho yamathumba inyumoniya leyo ethintela indlela umoya isikhohlela. Kuluhlu izizathu ziquka kunye nezifo inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kuquka AIDS.

Bronchiectasis akusoloko enxulumene abanala makhwiniba ze iphecana sokuphefumla ngqo. Ukwandiswa udonga inyumoniya umphumo ukuba nokudumba oluqhubekayo sisilonda, isifo samathambo, isifo Crohn kaThixo, usuleleko staphylococcal, kungakhathaliseki ndawo umntu akuyo, hiatus Ithemba kwi uvalo. Imiba yomngcipheko zibandakanya mikhwa (butywala, ukutshaya, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi), ingozi yityhefu yi imimoya enetyhefu.

kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ugqirha ukufumanisa unobangela utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo le bronchi, kuba kwiinkalo ezininzi kuxhomekeke impumelelo unyango.

Eyona engundoqo zesifo bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis - a ngezifo ukuvela kancinci. Kumanqanaba okuqala ezinye iimpawu uphawu kungangabikho ngokupheleleyo. Izigulane badla sigula zizigulo zemiphunga, kuquka inyumoniya kunye unepleurisy. Kwemigudu kunye bronchiectasis - nako ukwenzeka rhoqo.

Ngaphezu koko, kuye kwakho ukwanda ekubhobhozeni yesikhohlela, ingakumbi ezibandayo, imozulu imanzi. Ngokufuthi uzakuqhaphela ukutswina ngexesha ukusezela kunye ukukhupha.

Njengokuba isifo siqhubeka, izigulane ingxelo yimbonakalo ukhohlokhohlo - kuhlasela bomelele ingakumbi kusasa kwaye zihamba nokukhululwa izixa ezikhulu muco-ubovu isikhohlela. Bodwa badla ngokuba livumba elibi.

Utshintsho kwiindonga inyumoniya kuchaphazela isixa oksijini eveliswe umzimba. Hypoxia ilandelwa yi buthathaka jikelele - Izigulane akhalaze buthathaka rhoqo, ukozela, isiyezi, rhoqo. Isikhumba isigulane libunile, maxa wambi unenxaxheba umbala oluhlaza. Impawu ziquka ukuphelelwa umoya, nokuba sikwinqanaba kamva zophuhliso luya kuthathwa njengotshintsho olusisigxina kwaye umntu ochaphazelekayo kuphela ngexesha umsebenzi umzimba, kodwa ukuphumla.

Isigaba isifo

Oogqirha zigaba ezintathu sifo:

• Inqanaba lokuqala lukhatshwa izitshanguba bronhoetaza layers isifo inyumoniya. Iimpawu zazo idla ngokuba cishe ndingekho, yaye umkhondo esi sifo uthathwa ukuba ingozi.
• Yesibini nqanaba lenkqubo etshabalalisayo sele kuchaphazela lonke ububanzi beendonga inyumoniya. Izigulane akhalaze yinyumoniya zabucala ukwandisa umthamo yonke imihla yokumpompoza yesikhohlela.
• Ngelo kwisigaba sesithathu inkqubo zophendlo lwezifo uyabonakala hayi kuphela bronchi - lithe laqhenqetha ukuya ezimelene inyama semiphunga. Izigulane abaphethwe ukudumba esinganyangekiyo, ekhalazela isikhohlela enkulu enukayo. Kweli nqanaba, kubonwa sifo kukukhohlela igazi.

ngezigaba bronchiectasis

Kukho iinkqubo yokuhlelwa yale ngezifo. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, bronchiectasis inokuba iziphene okanye lufundiwe. Inkqubo etshabalalisayo ngamanye amaxesha lugubungela kuphela inxalenye encinane bronchi, kodwa ukudlulisa kwezinye iinxalenye iphecana nokuphefumla (kulo mzekelo, le bronchiectasis ezinkulu). Mhlawumbi imbonakalo izilonda ezininzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo bronchi.

Kuxhomekeka iqondo iimpawu, cell ukuba iifom inobulali, aphakathi kunye kakhulu kwezimilo. Kuxhomekeke Pathomorphology, bronchiectasis inokuba atrophic okanye hypertrophic.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba isifo alunyangwanga kunokukhokelela nemiphumo eyingozi, kubandakanywa emphysema yemiphunga, ukopha olubanzi, amyloidosis zasesekondari, bokuphefumla ukusilela intliziyo.

Bronchiectasis: Laboratory sokuhlola zomculo

Uxilongo kwesi sifo - yinkqubo ethatha ixesha elide. Ngexesha leemviwo lwesiqhelo emzimbeni, ugqirha wakho uqaphele utshintsho abanye imbonakalo isigulane - esifubeni emise ngathi umphanda, batshintsha phalanges (kwimeko manqanaba kamva zophuhliso disease). Xa ingcali yoviwo auscultatory uthi ukuphefumla nzima kwaye ubukho rales ezimanzi.

Ngokubhekiselele elebhu sifo, isigulane kuqala ilawulwa uvavanyo lwegazi. Ngokuchasene imvelaphi bronhektaza waphawula yokunyuka kwezinga neentlenge erythrocyte, ukwanda kwenani iiseli ezimhlophe kunye anaemia, inxulumene mpilo yindlala komzimba. KwiLebhu isikhohlela kunokubonwa ukuba obhobhozayo unalo isakhiwo umaleko ezintathu.

ubuchule ezahlukeneyo instrumental zisetyenziselwa uxilongo lokugqibela. Enengcombolo yityesi X-reyi yesifuba, nto leyo enika ithuba ukubona iinkalo abanesigulo, ukuqinisekisa ubukho cysts nezandiso inyumoniya ukujonga utshintsho lweephatheni yegazi. bronchoscopy Ngaphezu kwenziwe (lwangaphakathi bronchus uhlolo nge lo mbhobho) kunye Itomography ngekhompyutha.

unyango ngamachiza

unyango Conservative kuxhomekeke kakhulu nenqanaba esi sifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane emiselweyo amayeza ukuba obhityileyo yencindi yomlomo. immunomodulators isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, izakhiwo afikelelekayo. Phambi yinyumoniya esosulela ngokudluliselwa kwentsholongwane, yaye ezinye izigulane izifo ifuna ukusetyenziswa antibiotics - ezi macrolides ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo ( "Azithromycin") kunye fluoroquinolones pneumotropic ( "moxifloxacin" "Levofloxacin").

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo nothomalaliso na nokuvuselelwa kwimibhobho inyumoniya, umntu Asikwazi ukuluphepha kokoma of phlegm emiphungeni - izigulana ezimiselweyo iiseshoni ngamaxesha eshukuma umyalezo. Ukuququzelela isikhohlela uncedo ezininzi ezikhethiweyo ngokufanelekileyo of ukuyifundisa. unyango bronchiectasis ngokuyimfuneko ibandakanya imithambo yokuphefumla. Xa wokufaka of sayo ngokuma iingqimba ubovu kuqhutywa mikrodrenazh kunye elwa ebulala. Ngamanye amaxesha arhente mucolytic ebiqaliswe kwi mithambo le bronchus kunye nee-enzayim proteolytic ukuba liquefy isikhohlela expectoration lula kuyo.

Oku ke baphathwe bronchiectasis. Izimvo oogqirha bathi ukuba unyango ekunene enokwenziwa ukubuyisa inkqubo gqitha eqhelekileyo zemiphunga.

ungenelelo umthungo neempawu zayo

Akusoloko iindlela angqingqwa unyango ukunceda ukumelana nale ngezifo njengoko bronchiectasis. Tyando ngamanye amaxesha nje kuyimfuneko. Kuxhomekeka ubungakanani umonakalo, ugqirha ukuze bancome nokususwa ngokupheleleyo kwemiphunga okanye resection kwenxenye kwimimandla achaphazelekileyo kule bronchi.

unyango zoqhaqho kwezifo ezifana nzima ngokwaneleyo emva kokuba isigulane kufuna kwimo ixesha elide.

Yokudla iziguli

Unyango bronchiectasis ngokuyimfuneko iquka ukutya ekunene. Yokudla kufuneka ibandakanye inani elikhulu zokutya protein, kodwa kucetyiswa ukuba zokucutha isixa amanqatha 90 grams ngemini.

Kwi menu kufuneka kubekho ukutya ngoku ngakumbi zizityebi iivithamini B kunye A, kunye ascorbic acid. Izigulana kufuneka mabacetyiswe ukuba sidle iziqhamo ekrwada nemifuno, usele amanzi ayo ezintsha. kufuneka iquke isibindi kwi menu. Esetyenziselwa ukusela decoctions of ingqolowa, kunye zasendle wavuka.

amanyathelo othintelo

Ngelishwa, akukho mayeza iyaluthintela uphuhliso sifo. Kodwa kufuneka siqonde ukuba bronchiectasis - olu ngezifo kakhulu, nto leyo kulula ukunqanda. Izigulane namaqela umngcipheko ekucetyiswa ukuba imikhuba emibi (ezifana nokutshaya), balandele yokudla nokomeleza amajoni omzimba kunye nokwenza ugonyo lokuthintela nxamnye amagciwane, kuquka unkonkonko, umkhuhlane, yimasisi, kunye nabanye.

Izigulane esele wafumana unyango kufuneka babhaliswe kunye nogqirha, izihlandlo ezithathu ngomnyaka, badlula uhlolo kunye enikela cazululo. Abantu bronchiectasis ekhoyo kuxolelwe kufuneka ukulungiswa ngamaxesha athile bronchi, iinkqubo physiotherapeutic, unyango kwisibhedlele umbala.