Khoboka - ikhoboka eRashiya

Xa sithetha yobukhoboka amakhoboka, umbutho yokuqala khona - oku uluntu ulikhoboka eRoma yamandulo eGrisi. Ngoko nangoko phambi kwamehlo eme imifanekiso uSpartacus kunye nezinye izilwi. Noko ke, kwakukho eRashiya, yaye loo nto enqatyisiweyo. Bona ekuqaleni babizwa igama elithi "ikhoboka". Aba bantu abo ukuba abazi lutho. Ngoko ke, kwafuneka ngenxa intendana yesonka Wayitsala emva inkosi wenze yonke sivumelane zakhe. Loo ubudlelwane phakathi kwenkosi nesicaka, ikhoboka waba umphakathi wobukhosi. umnini sazo "otyalwe" emhlabeni, ize emva koko yajika yaba serf.

In Russia le lackey - mhlawumbi ezithathwe umbanjwa ngamajoni lutshaba umkhosi, okanye umntu unetyala isixa esikhulu, yaye abangakwaziyo ukuhlawula. Le status kananjalo ezifunyenwe emva komtshato okanye umtshato kwekhoboka. Ukususela 1722, zonke amakhoboka ngokuba ngamakhoboka. Oku, xa umgaqo, akukho nto iye yatshintsha ebomini babo. Bayakwazi ukuthengisa, ukuthenga, banikele, njalo-njalo. D.

Serf eRussia

Inxenye yabemi feudal weRashiya ukusuka th 10 18 kwinkulungwane wama, hayi indawo yokuhlala eziphantsi kwaye nayiphi na ipropati kwaye igcine ubomi bakhe kunyanzeleka ukuba enze nawuphi na umsebenzi efama yenkosi yakhe, ebizwa ngokuba ngamakhoboka. Ngexesha iimfazwe, ingakumbi zembujiswano olwenziwe ukuba izimali kunye ukoyisa imimandla emitsha, aba bantu ijikwa ngokuzenzekelayo amakhoboka. abantu bayabanjwa neenkomo ayejongwa bahlaseli njengoko okuthinjiweyo zexabiso. mhlaba nganye omkhulu ummandla simahla, yaye enyamekela ukulinywa kubo, Kakade ke, kwakufuneka yabasebenzi. Waba abathinjiweyo yakhe. . Oko kukuthi, eRashiya kwakukholelwa ukuba khoboka - isikakhulu simahla kwezemisebenzi. Aba bantu iyababandakanya le ekhaya, ngokunjalo kumsebenzi yezolimo.

Amakhoboka Wamalungelo Russia

Le yinxalenye yabantu uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi iinkosi zabo. Abazange babe namalungelo asemthethweni ezizimeleyo. Noko ke, asingabo bonke kwakukho kwindawo enye. Abanye babo amafama yerhafu ebizwa. Okt slave - umntu owenza emagxeni akhe wonke umthwalo karhulumente.

Isikhundla lekhoboka ukusuka kwindawo esemthethweni umbono

Yena ke akuyiqonda loo nto, oko kukuthi, ipropati yabucala, njengabanye wepropati: .. Properties, nempahla, neenkomo, njl Ngoko ke, izenzo kunye nezenzo zalo kufuneka ihlangane inkosi yakhe .. Noko ke, ukuba ikhoboka kubangela usikhubekise umntu simahla, uphindezela bekhubeka ambulale. Slave, owabona-mthetho, ayikwazanga ebizwe yinkundla ukuba anike ubungqina. Umnini na ukumbulala; kodwa ukuba umntu yabulala ikhoboka, inkosi uhlawule isohlwayo sakhe.

In Sudebnik laqalisa izithintelo for 1550. Ngokutsho kwabo, unyana ka ikhoboka kuzelwe likhoboka nokufunyanwa ngobume nguyise wakhe, yena zithathwa simahla, yaye uyise nagunya lakuthengisa ebukhobokeni. Ukuba umntu waba likhoboka ngenxa wokubamba futhi wakwazi ukubaleka ekuthinjweni, wabuya inkululeko. Yena yakhulula ebukhobokeni emva kokufa yenkosi yakhe. Kodwa ke kukho iimeko xa abantu abangakwaziyo ukondla okanye ukuzikhusela ngokwabo, wegqitha ngokuzithandela ebukhobokeni. Ngenkulungwane ye-17, umthetho wakhutshwa ethintela oku.