Owavula wamazwe Dutch Abel Tasman? Igalelo Abel Tasman kwiJografi

Tasman Abel Yanszon Explorer odumileyo Dutch, discoverer of New Zealand, Fiji Islands kunye Bismarck, kwakunye nezinye iziqithi ezininzi ezincinane. Lo mbutho uthiywe Tasmania Island, akhiwe kwelisezantsi Australia, apho waba ngowokuqala wakha watyelela ukuya eAbhele Tasman. Oko kuye wavula umhambi odumileyo, yaye apho wayesele - funda ngalo kulo mbandela.

Imfihlakalo imvelaphi Umlawuli

Enyanisweni, ndacinga Abel Tasman yaziwa hayi kangako, ubuncinane, kule nokulahlwa mbali, kukho bambalwa kakhulu amaxwebhu ukuba asikhanyisele ngobomi bakhe. Phakathi imithombo ekhoyo, kukho ibhlogi nohambo 1642-1643 gg., Eyabhalwa ngesandla sakhe, yaye ezinye iincwadi zakhe. Ke ukuba umhla wokuzalwa kulimele, kuyaziwa unyaka omnye kuphela - 1603. Le ndawo lokuzalwa Tasman yaziwa kuphela ngo-1845, xa zogcino Dutch kuya, zabuya ke kwafunyanwa 1657 - yezizathu lwelali Lyutgegast, ibekwe kwiphondo Dutch of Groningen.

Kwakhona, nto ingako ngayo ngabazali bakhe umatiloshe, ngaphandle kokuba uyise wakhe, wavele ogama Jans, njengoko igama eliphakathi uAbheli Yanszon Imiba "Jansa, unyana." Apho Tasman Wabufunda, waba matiloshe - ngoku akukho lwazi. kusenokwenzeka kokuba wayeneminyaka emashumi mathathu ezelwe, akazange abangekho kwizikhundla eziphezulu, kodwa Abel Tasman, usiya kumanzi yaseYurophu kuphelela kakhulu.

Ukuya kwi-Dutch East Indies

Ngowe-1633 (njengoko kwenye inguqulo - ngowe-1634) nto nomatiloshe Dutch bashiya iYurophu waya eMpuma Indies, yangaphambili ngexesha koloni Dutch. Kukho Abel Tasman waba sikhundla le imikhumbi ukuba Dutch East India Company, ukufumana amava yaye yasebenza kakuhle, njengoko kwangethuba-1638, waza wamiselwa, umthetheli "Angel" isitya.

Tasmania kwafuneka sibuyele Holland, apho usayine isivumelwano esitsha kunye nenkampani iminyaka elishumi. Ukongezelela eIndiya, wabuya kunye nomfazi wakhe, malunga apho encinane uyaziwa. Zinelungelo intombi, owathi iminyaka emininzi wayehlala noyise eBatavia (ngoku Jakarta), yaye emva koko utshatile kwaye wafudukela eYurophu.

Treasure Hunt

Phakathi bamazwe iSpanish kwaye Dutch imizekeliso kudala malunga ethile exakayo, ninendyebo amatye anqabileyo Islands Rico de Plata de Oro kunye Puerto Rico, gama elo elithetha "zizityebi isilivere" yaye "negolide eninzi", kusithiwa ibekwe olwandle kwimpuma Japan. Anthony van Diemen, lo ke iRhuluneli-General of East India, ekujongwe ukuba ukufumana kwezi ziqithi. Kuphando lwazo iinqanawa ezimbini, inani lilonke labasebenzi leyo abantu 90 ezaxhobela. Inqanawa "Milisela" wakhokelelwa nguAbheli Tasman.

Juni 2, 1639 iinqanawa ngaphandle izibuko e eBatavia kunye wabubhekisa ubuso eJapan. Ukongeza umsebenzi ophambili kwiphulo waba ingxaki ezingephi. Umzekelo, kwi Philippines oluye lwenziwa ukuze alungise imaphu kule ngingqi, ukongeza, i Oomatiloshe kwafuneka amathamsanqa ukuvula kwiziqithi ezitsha ezimbalwa Bonin Islands. Kwakhona wayalela ukuba yanane urhwebo yabantu bemveli iindawo abaza kutyelela. Baqhubeka ukuya kwicala ekujoliswe, kodwa kungekudala ubhubhane iinqanawa kwavuka, okubangela hambo kwanyanzeleka ukuba babuye umva. Noko ke, uAbheli Tasman, iminyaka yobomi, ngokubanzi, abacandayo phakathi ngohambo engaphele ndawo, yaye eli xesha abazange bachithe ixesha endleleni umva, ngelixa ziqhubela phambili ukwenza uphando kwi babeziindleko zaselwandle.

navigation New - neengozi ezintsha

Hambo wabuyela eBatavia Februwari 19, 1640. uhambo Abheli Tasman akuzange kuncede ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba oogxa bakhe basinda abantu abasixhenxe kuphela aseleyo, kunye nempahla impahla engenisiwe abanelisekanga kakhulu Land eVan Diemen, ngokuba ebengenako ukufumana ubuncwane abatyebileyo siqithi twisiseka. Noko ke, irhuluneli-jikelele ayikwazanga ukuvavanya ukukwazi kwe-Abheli Tasman, yaye ukususela ngoko ke ngokuphindaphindiweyo wathumela kwi swimming ezahlukeneyo.

Ngexesha mission ecaleni Taiwan kwezithuthi wabamba kwenkanyamba enamandla yazika phantse zonke iinqanawa. Tasmania wakwazi engummangaliso ukubaleka kwi flagship lokusinda kuphela, kodwa amathemba engenanto kamnandi, kuba umkhombe kunzima igcinwe lezimali: bayaphule lwemasti kunye zemithi yokujika zaye, nentolongo lakhukuliswa ngamanzi. Kodwa isiphelo ababemkhusele matiloshe njengoba ovele isecaleni yi inqanawa Dutch.

Ukulungiselela i uhambo entsha enkulu

I-Dutch East India Company ukwandisa impembelelo yayo athile amalungiselelo amaphulo amatsha. Kulo mba, iRhuluneli-General van Diemen ngo-1642 ofakelwe olunye uhambo, injongo yayo ukufunda Indian Ocean wasezantsi, kwaye sifumane iindlela elwandle entsha. Kuye umsebenzi ukufumana i Solomon Islands, kulandele iiseyile ngasempumalanga kufuna indlela kangangoko Chile. Ukongeza, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukufumana kucacile ukuba umhlaba ongenamanzi, apho wafumanisa ukuba wamazwe Willem Yanszon kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni XVII.

Ngelo xesha, Umlawuli Dutch kuqwalaselwa phantse Umlawuli kakhulu lobuchule East India, ayimangalisi into yokuba inkokeli ezibalulekileyo ezifana waqeshwa ukuba inkampani Abheli Tasman hambo. Oko bufunyenwe ngethuba nohambo? Oku Tasman wabhala ngokweenkcukacha kwidayari yakhe.

Ukufunyanwa Tasmania

I uhambo, Agasti 14, 1642 epapashwe eBatavia, abantu 110 inxaxheba. Iqela kwafuneka ukuba kundulukwe kwi izikhephe ezibini: i flagship "Hemsmerke" kwaye ezineeseyile abathathu "Zeehane" ukubana iitoni ezili-60 no 100, ngokulandelelana. Ngokutsho ubungqina Tasman, iinqanawa apho oomatrose kwakufuneka aye uhambo, ubungekho imeko ilungileyo, ukuze wayesazi ukuba ezi iinqanawa akubonakali ukuwela Pacific ukufikelela unxweme Chile.

Abel Tasman ligqibe ukwenza ufundo-nzulu le Ocean olusemazantsi Indian, apho waya kwisiqithi Mauritius, ekhangelene Afrika, ukusuka apho waya mpumalanga, kwaye ke ngoko, lwathi 49 ° ekwizibanzi wasezantsi, waya empuma. Ngoko ke wafika kunxweme siqithi, ogama kamva emva discoverer wayo - Tasmania, Noko ke, yena nomatiloshe Dutch ogama oko Van Diemen i-Land, emva kokuba irhuluneli weekoloni East Indies.

Ukuqhubeka ukuqubha kanye impumelelo ezintsha

Hambo ukuqubha yaqhubeka kwaye ihamba kwicala lasempuma, ozibiyele ilizwe 'Ncwadi kunxweme olusemazantsi. Ngoko uAbheli Tasman ufikelele kunxweme olusentshona New Zealand, nto leyo ke wathabatha phezu Umhlaba US (ngoku eStaten Island, ekude kufuphi nencam esemazantsi Latin America). Abahambi ngokuyinxenye walukhenketha kunxweme New Zealand, emva kokuba umphathi wafumanisa ukuba eli lizwe wafumanisa ukuba ungenguye Solomon Islands, wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele eBatavia.

Tasman uye wathumela iinqanawa ukuya kwelingasentla apho hambo. Endleleni ebuyela kwakufuneka ukuvula kwiziqithi ezininzi ezintsha, kuquka Fiji. Hi ndlela leyi, beza bamazwe baseYurophu apha kuphela emva kweminyaka 130. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i Tasman, badlula kufuphi kakhulu i-Solomon Islands, koko waxelelwa ukuba bafune, kodwa ngenxa ukubonakala kwizisweli umkhankaso ukuba akekho.

Buyela eBatavia. Amalungiselelo ohambo elandelayo

Iinqanawa 'Hemsmerk "yaye" Zeehan "wabuyela eBatavia Juni 15, 1643. Ekubeni hambo akazange azise nayiphi na ingeniso, yaza induna zange azalisekise yonke imisebenzi yayo, ulawulo i-East India Company siphela aneliseke kunye neziphumo lokudada, elibonelela Abel Tasman. Ukufunyanwa Komhlaba eVan Diemen Noko ke, emehlweni nerhuluneli, ngubani ziwenze, wayekholelwa ukuba zonke lutho, yaye sele ecinga ngokuthumela i uhambo entsha.

Eli xesha, waba nomdla e New Guinea, , wayekholelwa, leyo eneriseka ukuhlola ngakumbi ngokucokisekileyo izibonelelo kwezimbiwa. Irhuluneli wazimisela ukuba kusekwe kwindlela phakathi New Guinea and Land le 'Ncwadi eVan Diemen, ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukuqokelela i uhambo entsha, ikhokelwa ngu-Tasman elimisiweyo.

Ukufunda kunxweme osemantla Australia

Kolu hambo Umlawuli Dutch, omncinane yaziwa, njengoko imithombo kuphela ubungqina malunga nayo - le leta van Diemen, abhekiswe East India Company, yaye, enyanisweni, iimephu ngu Tasman. Navigator bakwazi ukuqulunqa imaphu eneenkcukacha ezingaphezu emithathu enesiqingatha amawaka. Km yonxweme kumantla Australia, yaye oko ubungqina bokuba eli lizwe nezwe.

Hambo wabuyela eBatavia-4 Agasti 1644. Nangona East India Company, yaye eli xesha akazange ukufumana nayiphi na inzuzo, xa yemfaneleko Umlawuli akukho mathandabuzo, njengoko Abel Tasman wenza igalelo elikhulu sifundo sichaza kwilizwekazi wasezantsi, kuba ngoMeyi 1645 yena wawongwa elikwinqanaba Commander. Ukongeza, wafumana ofisi omkhulu waza wajoyina i-Council of Justice of eBatavia.

umhambi incorrigible

Nangona imeko omtsha, wathabatha Tasman, kwakunye nemisebenzi kunye noxanduva yayo, yena ngamathuba athile waya uhambo elikude. Ngoko ke, ngo-1645-1646 gg. Yena inxaxheba kwiphulo le Malay Archipelago, ngo-1647 waya Siam (ngoku Thailand), kwaye ngo-1648-1649 - kwiiPhilippines.

Abel Tasman, ogama biography lizele zonke iintlobo adventures, ngo-1653, barhoxa. Wahlala eBatavia, apho watshata okwesibini, kodwa umfazi wakhe wesibini nayo ayaziwa ngokuba zokuqala. Emva kokuphila iminyaka ubudala 56 ngokonwaba nangokuzola ngoxolo phezulu, Tasman wafa ngo-1659.

Isiganeko esenzeka ebudeni enye yohambo ezininzi

I Tasman ibhlogi kukho ezininzi kweerekhodi ezahlukeneyo, isixelela ntoni hambo 1642-1643 gg., Apho Dutch wafumana ithuba inxaxheba umhambi. Omnye amabali, abhalwe kubo, othetha isiganeko esenzeka ethile kwisiqithi esincinane apho kuyimfuneko ukuze kutyelela Oomatiloshe.

Kwenzeka ukuba ezinye lokuzalwa wazixuna iintolo kwicala kufika kanye ababuleweyo enye yala madoda. Bendawo ukuze esoyika ingqumbo abantu iinqanawa bazisa ngumtyholwa ukuya emkhombeni baza bazitshisa abaqalayo. Mhlawumbi kucingelwa ukuba oomatiloshe nkqo kunye tribesman zabo njengomoni, Noko ke, uninzi bexesha lakhe Tasman, kusenokwenzeka ukuba benjenjalo. Kodwa u-Abheli Tasman waba novelwano, ngubani Babemqhelile ingqiqo yobulungisa, ngoko akabandulula abantu mbanjwa wayo.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba amadoda eenqanawa, baba ilawulwe Tasman, elihloniphekileyo kakhulu kuye, yaye oku akumangalisi, kuba sohlala kweli bali kunye njengomoni lomthonyama, sinokugqiba ukuba yindoda enamandla. Ukongeza, ngathi Nomqhubi onamava nobungcali entsimini yakhe; ngoko oomatiloshe bathembela ngaye.

isiphelo

Ukususela hambo lwe Umlawuli Dutch kufundwa enkulu yokuqala yamanzi Australian, kunye Oceania, igalelo Abel Tasman kwiJografi ayikwazi nemikhuba. imisebenzi yakhe negalelo zophuculo ebonakalayo iimephu yexesha, ngoko ke Tasman ngomnye vulindlela ibalulekileyo kwinkulungwane XVII.

IZiko loLondolozo lweeNkcukacha zakuDala State of the Netherlands, ibekwe Hague, bayenza kakhulu esibalulekileyo kwimbali kwidayari, leyo Tasman ngokobuqu zigcwele ngexesha elinye zobuntlola. It is a ubunzima zonke iintlobo ulwazi kunye nemifanekiso ezibonisa ubukho nomatiloshe abaneziphiwo ezizodwa yokuluka. Okubhaliweyo ngokupheleleyo kwidayari lwapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1860 ngu compatriot Tasman Jacob Schwartz. Ngelishwa, izazinzulu ungabi nako ukufumana logbook yoqobo kunye iinqanawa apho eyayihamba Tasman.

Tasmania - ingengomntu eendawo kuphela elibizwa igama discoverer layo odumileyo. Ukususela oko uthiywe uAbheli Tasman, singakwazi ukwahlula elwandle, ephakathi Australia nase-New Zealand, kwakunye iqela leziqithi encinane kwi-Pacific Ocean.