EKharkov kwibhoyila 1942

Njengoko sisazi, ukususela kwimihla zokuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kunye iinyanga eziliqela imikhosi eSoviet lihambe liye ngaphaya ubude kumda osentshona welo lizwe. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala ngesantya ekhawulezileyo lutshaba yamiswa ngoNovemba 1941, ngomhla ngaphandle eMoscow. Ke iindleko iinzame ezinkulu ze-Red Army kwaba Ndinako ukuyichitha amaNazi. Oku kwavusa mkhosi bazithemba ukulungela amajoni ukuba baqhube kukuhlaselwa ekhubekisayo. Noko ke, loo miscoception zikhokelele sihelegu kufuphi IKharkiv.

Isicwangciso sokuqala

Ngexesha xa uhlaselo imikhosi yaseJamani yamiswa ngempumelelo, kwaye, kananjalo, waphoswa utshaba ekhutshiwe ukususela kwimida eMoscow phezu umgama ngokwanelisayo onesidima, inkoliso yoshishino babalekela Urals, apho iishifti kumashishini ezininzi kwenziwa imveliso esebenzayo izixhobo zomkhosi. Ukuba bazifumene izixhobo kumkhosi babuyela esiqhelweni, ukongeza, landa kakhulu abasebenzi yomkhosi. Sele kwikota yesibini ka-1942 ikwazile ukuba kwenziwe kuphela ekugqityweni bomkhosi, kodwa ke umkhosi kunye Reserve ezilithoba.

Ngokusekelwe kwezi meko, i Umyalelo High wagqiba ukuba inani imisebenzi ekhubekisayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngaphambili ngenjongo ukuzidimaza utshaba, okokuba ingamvumeli empini, wonqanyulwa, angabikho phambi esemazantsi amaJamani kunye, ngokucinezela ukuba anitshabalalise. Phakathi imisebenzi qhinga yaye zidweliswe eKharkov kwibhoyila 1942.

Ukubunjwa ingozi elizayo

Kwicala yiSoviet, kwagqitywa ukuquka ekulweni umkhosi ezimbalwa amathathu - Bryansk, South-West ne South. Ezi ziquka engaphezu kweshumi wemikhosi iingalo emanyeneyo, kwakunye oonokrwece ezisixhenxe itanki kunye ngaphezulu kwamashumi imikhosi itanki eyahlukileyo. Ukongeza, umgca ngaphambili sele ilungiswe apha naphaya bucala, olu sapho lwaluquka iiyunithi ezongezelelweyo vehicles. EKharkov 1942 ibhoyila ngokucophelela, ukuze inxaxheba amajoni ngaphezulu kwe 640 lamawaka ezazilungiselwe amadabi elizayo, kubandakanywa amagosa, no-1.2 amawaka kwamatanki.

Kwakhona Yitsho wonke umsebenzi wabelwa ukuba abantu bokuqala zobunkokheli zomkhosi lizwe. Phakathi ubunkokheli waba yintloko South-Western Front, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko, injengele ikomkhulu elikhokelwa Ivan Bagramyan kunye Nikita Khrushchev. Xa intloko Front Southern ngelo xesha uLieutenant-General Rodion Malinovsky. imikhosi kaHitler eyayikhokelwa Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. imikhosi Common Wawabala imikhosi ezintathu, kuquka Sixth Army of Paulus. Kuba inxenye yayo, i Wehrmacht kuthiwa operation kwibhoyila eKharkov 1942 "Frederikus".

umsebenzi wokulungiselela

Ebutsheni bowe-1942, imikhosi yaseSoviet baqalisa zijike wokulungiselela. Yaqala ukuyilwa wazazi esiluqilima iindawo eMzantsi-Western Front kummandla eKharkiv kummandla isixeko Raisin, kufutshane Seversky Donets River, elunxwemeni ngasentshonalanga apho baye bakwazi ukuyila nokuxhasa i ekhubekisayo ngakumbi kwi eKharkov kunye Dnepropetrovsk. Ngokukodwa, nomkhosi yakwazi ukunciphisa kaloliwe, owenza ubonelelo kweeyunithi yotshaba. Kodwa entwasahlobo iye kufika kwaye nalo ke udaka phezu kwiindlela wangenelela kwizicwangciso imfazwe - ekhubekisayo kwafuneka ukuba simiswe.

aphephe

Ngokutsho izicwangciso German High Umyalelo kucingelwa ukuba kwibhoyila eKharkov 1942 eqale kuchazwe kokutshatyalaliswa Soviet Army laseka bridgehead, uze kungena kokusingqongileyo. AmaNazi kuhlasela ukuqala ngoMeyi 18, kodwa Red Army ngaphambi amaJamani, waqalisa ukuhlasela kwiintsuku ezintandathu ngaphambili. Umsebenzi isungulwe ukuhlaselwa ngaxeshanye kwi units utshaba ngasentla nangasezantsi. Ngokutsho yesicwangciso umyalelo eSoviet, leSithandathu Army kwaba ukungena kokusingqongileyo - eKharkov kwibhoyila. Ngowe-1942 ukususela ekuqaleni kwakubonakala kakhulu ezithembisayo - ekuqaleni izicwangciso uxhulumaniso Soviet sele ziphunyezwe ngempumelelo. kweentsuku ezintlanu kamva, eneneni yakwazi cinezela amaJamani ku eKharkov.

Ngaxeshanye, kwicala langasezantsi amaJamani abaxini nje ezintathu imikhosi Soviet, ngubani wakwazi ukuba atyhudise eziphumelela German kumngcwaba kwidolophu encinane, apho aqala umlo elide ikrakra. Emantla oko kwiintsuku zokuqala ukusebenza yakwazi lokumba okuxhathisa German kwi km 65. Noko ke, South-West kunye noMzantsi fronts ukuba andingqineki ukuba ekhuthele kakhulu, elikuvumela amaJamani ixesha sokulungisa loo meko kunye yimbumba abantu, nto yonke inxalenye kunye neendawo bahlaselwa.

Ukwehluleka yokuqala - harbingers entlekele

Operation "eKharkov kwibhoyila" (1942) yabanjwa ngempumelelo ngecala yiSoviet kuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala. Ekupheleni kosuku sesihlanu zokulwa, kwaye kwacaca ukuba izinto zihamba ngendlela ukucwangcisa. Ngeli xesha ukuziphendulela kwafuneka igqojozwe yantle kakhulu, yaye amajoni Soviet - ukuya kude phambili, kodwa abasafakwe zestampu kumgca ngaphambili. Kwicala elisemntla lokulwa ngoyaba nxamnye kuhlaselo isiJamani some. Ziye zaphawula ukuba ngemihla lokuqala kuhlaselwa kunye kuMzantsi nakuMntla macala wenza inconsistently. Le iikhompawundi ze imiphambili eseMazantsi eMzantsi-Western, nabo bonke wenza inconsistently, ukudala ukusilela kakhulu kulo msebenzi.

Kwakhona, musa ukwenza oovimba, ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo zobunjineli kunye nezithintelo kwaba kumgangatho osezantsi kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, kwicala lasezantsi akaqinisekiswanga wokhuselo tight. Kwaba inxenye isizathu sokuba kwibhoyila eKharkov 1942 ekugqibeleni wajika yintlekele kuba amajoni Soviet. Musa ukulibala ukuba umyalelo ezingabandakanyi ngowona ekhubekisayo isiJamani ngexesha lokusebenza. Sinenkoloseko enjalo waphefumlelwa ukuba ukuseka amadimoni.

riposte

imikhosi yaseJamani kwakhona izicwangciso ukuba bambethe izithonga ezimbini kwicala elingasezantsi njengesikhundla ukuze baphuhle ngakumbi kwinqanaba lohlaselo kwi Raisin. Ngexesha le nxalenye weThoba Army kwaba uxanduva. Kwacetywa ukuba amaJamani bayagqobhoza, bayangena zokuzithethelela Soviet namabutho isikwe izahlulo ezibini ukuya ukuze ukulujikeleza ubatshabalalise ngokwahlukeneyo. Okulandelayo kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke lohlaselo ukuba atshabalalise lonke iqela umkhosi, abaye azinziswe ngokwabo kwi bridgehead.

Ngosuku lwesihlanu dabi First Panzer Army wakwazi ukuba atyhudise, nasekuziqiniseni nenkxaso Olubomvu Army lokugwayimba. Yongeza ngomhla wokuqala bakwazi kunqumla imikhosi engundoqo enye ezintlwini Southern Front kunye namathuba umva kwabo ukuya ngasempumalanga iintsuku ezilishumi. Mhlawumbi sele eKharkov kwibhoyila 1942 (ifoto, ezingahambelaniyo kwiziganeko thaca kwi review) lalingayi. Tymoshenko, eqonda imeko lithemba, wacela eMoscow imvume iqhele. Nangona Alexander Vasilevsky, ngelo xesha sele elimisiweyo Chief of Staff, wavumela Stalin kusithiwa categorical "hayi." Ngenxa yoko, ngoMeyi 23 Inani elikhulu imikhosi Soviet uhlaselwa ngaphambili nangesemva.

ngumgibe utshaba

Ukususela ngoko Olubomvu Army wazama nzima ukuba atyhudise ukuqapha. Ngokukodwa, ezi amagosa aseJamani wakhumbula uhlaselo inani emangalisayo elikhulu elihamba phezulu namandla. Iinzame azikhange ingakumbi nempumelelo: iintsuku ezintathu ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-bume amajoni Soviet ziqhutywe ukuba nje encinci kufutshane nedolophu encinane Barvinkove. Kwaba kuphela isigaba sokuqala Second World War. EKharkov kwibhoyila kuphela isiphumo ubhalo kukungafumani uqeqesho kunye nokungabikho nolungelelaniso. nako ukuphuma ke encirclement inxalenye yiSoviet ngenxa yeendlela zokuzikhusela enamandla German. Zombini akukho Tymoshenko umntu uwenze kodwa bayeke lohlaselo.

Noko ke, ukuzama ukuba lirhoxe baqhubeka bume yabo imihla emininzi. Nangona ilahleko enkulu (uluhlu ngokoqobo olungenasiphelo isisulu) eKharkov Boiler wakwazi ukuba atyhudise, idolophana kufuphi Lozovenka. Kodwa wakwazi ukubaleka baphume esibatheni kuphela isahlulo seshumi se ezibanjwe kuyo. Yaba elihlazo. Kwelabantu kwibhoyila eKharkov 1942 - 171.000 abantu - baphulukana nobomi babo ngokoqobo kanye oko, sinokuthi, ngenxa ayilawulwa Stalin. Inani lilonke welahleko ekufikelelwe amawaka 270.

imiphumela emibi

Isiphumo ibalulekileyo ngokumka yaba buthathaka elipheleleyo zokuzikhusela Soviet lonke ubude Southern Front. Ngokufanelekileyo amandla ezinkulu ziye zafakwa eKharkov kwibhoyila (1942). USatyo kwi nqanaba emfazweni, kwaba buhlungu kakhulu. Kwaye ke Wehrmacht na, Kakade ke, isetyenziswe kakuhle.

AmaJamani yasungula lohlaselo olukhulu kwicala eCaucasus kunye iVolga. Ekupheleni Juni, emva kokuphumelela phakathi eKharkov kunye Kursk, zazidiliza kuze Don. Ehlawulweyo kukubi eKharkov kwibhoyila 1942 - izintlu kwabafileyo bajoyine nabaphathi abaphezulu emkhosini, kuquka ngqwayi wemikhosi kunye izimpi. Kodwa xa ebaleka iinxalenye ilahleko zantsi Front kuye kwaba kuninzi kakhulu. Ngoxa amaJamani wathabatha Voronezh yaye wafudukela Rostov, nomkhosi ezilahlekileyo amabanjwa abantu abalwa 80 ukuya 200 lamawaka. Rostov ngokuthatha ekuyeni ekupheleni kukaJulayi, Agasti, utshaba weza Stalingrad - kwinqanam ukuba amaJamani akayi kuba nako koyiswe.

Malunga imeko eKharkov is nkulu yokugqibela Wehrmacht eSoviet Union, wabhala incwadi uKonstantin Bykov - ". EKharkov kwibhoyila ngonyaka 1942"

Buyela eKharkov

Enyanisweni, silwa emideni eKharkov baba ngaphezu kanye. Kwaye oku kuyaqondakala. Hitler waqalisa ukuhlasela ncam Belarus kunye Ukraine. Kwi Iindlela eKharkov, amajoni eSoviet wayesele iqalile ukugxila bafunde ukulwa umva iintshaba. Ngenxa yoko, kwibhoyila yokuqala eKharkov 1941 "sibila 'ngenyanga ka-Oktobha. Ke la macala mabini walwa ngamandla ukuze ubutyebi woshishino esiXekweni. Nangona kunjalo, xa yawa umzi, uninzi ezinkulu utywala okanye sele kwamanye amazwe okanye yatshatyalaliswa.

Komdlalo wabo wesithathu kule imida efanayo kwenzeka kunyaka omnye emva yesibini ekulweni. Enye kwibhoyila eKharkov - 1943 - kwasekwa ngoFebruwari noMatshi kwi indawo ephakathi IKharkiv ne Voronezh. Kwaye eli xesha, umzi iye athunywa. Iilahleko macala omabini kwakukho ngaphezu umxhelo.