Irikhwizishini - oku ... Intshayelelo surplus

Lo mkhuba ngokunye ukutya, owayekwabizwa ngokuba le Ukucelwa ungayiqondiyo, wathabatha indawo eRashiya kwixesha ukususela ngowe-1919 ukuya 1921. Ngeli xesha, urhulumente wagqiba ukubeka imigangatho ethile isonka kunye nezinye ukutya, nto leyo ukugcina abalimi nabo bonke okugqithiseleyo kwafuneka ukuba bathengise kurhulumente ngamaxabiso aphantsi. Inkqubo Intsalela-mali ezibandakanyekayo amaqela okutya, iikomiti ze amahlwempu kunye namabhunga yengingqi, lowo onyanzelisa abalimi ukunikezela koovimba babo.

Impembelelo abantu

Ukwaziswa kwe surplus iye ngakumbi mandundu imeko sele kunzima abantu abaqhelekileyo. Norms lokuhanjiswa isonka ezazinikwayo okanye razverstyvalis njenge unikelo, ngokufuthi lagqithisa zabelo abahlali eyiyo.

Abalimi abaninzi baye bazama ukufihla ukutya kwabo, kodwa ngezigaba uzila ukutya bonke abafunyanwa zinokohlwaywa nokuba ngolunya "Hoarders."

iziphumo ezisalayo

Kakade phakathi kunyaka wokuqala orhwaqelisayo kwaye uqale ukutya kwabemi surplus ukutya kwathengwa malunga 44,6 million tons zombona. Unyaka wesibini kwaphawula ukwanda okubonakalayo yokusebenza, wazisa urhulumente million 113,9 uneemina. Ukwanda ebukhali kumazinga kwaba senziwa kuhlaselo lwemimandla emhlophe, njengoko inxalenye yabantu abaqhelekileyo wayekulungele ukuxhasa amaKomanisi ukuthintela uloyiso ngayo imikhosi yotshaba. Ngoko ke, kuphela ngoNovemba 1917 iye ibifakwe kunye umyalelo million 33.7 iiponti, kodwa kwaba nje Bulelani kunokwenzeka ukuba isebenze ngexesha kwiyunithi kwezixa ukutya i Provisional kaRhulumente, esebenzisa apho kwenziwa Ukucelwa.

Le meko, ogama njongo ibikukubonelela imikhosi exhobileyo, yaye inani lokusilela. Ingxaki engundoqo yaba intlangano amahlwempu, ngenxa apho inxalenye enkulu-inventri ziqokelelwe yaye abazange ukufikelela kuyo ekuhambeni kwexesha, bawuphanga kanye ukusuka kumaxesha ngamaxesha. Kwiimfuno umkhosi yasetyenziswa 60% inyama kunye nentlanzi, 100% icuba-40% lesonka, leyo yaqokelelwa kwi surplus. Nabalimi kunye nabasebenzi eziqhelekileyo kwanyanzeleka ukuba ulambe, ngoxa ezikhethiweyo iimveliso, uza imizi emikhulu, ngokufuthi ziphangwe yaze yahlulwa-hlulwa isabelo.

Yintoni eyenziwa Ukucelwa

imida Ukuchaza ukuba inani lamafama eye wavumela iimveliso ziquka abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi zikwimeko ubuncinane isiqingatha-yindlala. A kancinci kakhulu amajoni amathamsanqa, kwaye inkokheli karhulumente, apho izidlo rhoqo zanikezelwa ngeyona meko. Intsalela iye yakhokelela yokungabikho umnqweno ukusebenza phakathi abalimi, ngokuba kusekusondele ukuvuna Baqhubeka eziqokelelweyo. Lo ngomnye wemiba ephambili zakhokelela ekuchithweni epheleleyo lezolimo kwasekuqaleni 1921. Kulo lonke eli lizwe, waqala uphakamo ngobuninzi abalimi befuna ukupheliswa iinkqubo ezinjalo.

Ngeli xesha yaye zathathelwa indawo irhafu surplus kwi hlobo, nto leyo inyathelo lokuqala kunye zibalulekileyo lenguqu ukuya nep.

Ubuhle nobubi

Nangona kukho inyaniso yokuba inkqubo yakwazi ukuzinzisa kakhulu imeko yokutya kweli lizwe, waza wazisa oluninzi neziphumo ezibi. Ngokusesikweni, le Ukucelwa yaqaliswa January 11, 1919, xa kanye a kuhlazeka kuba elalisakuba yiSoviet xa lizwe waba abadinga inkxaso.

Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, abalimi kwakufuneka esandleni phezu iimveliso zabo eyintsalela igqithe imilinganiselo abenorhatyazo ngurhulumente, kodwa kwenzeka Ukucelwa? Kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukuseka ngoku ukuba phantse nenkulungwane kamva, kodwa igcina ezinye iinkcukacha yokuqala. Ngamanye amaxesha ukusuka abalimi ezilula zikhethwe yaye yintoni esimele sihlale kwiimfuno zakho kwenani labemi, kwaye imali ukuba usa izakubuyiselwa ngazo zonke iintlobo zonke iirisithi, apho akukho nto zingathengwa. Oku kwakhokelela igazi, kwavalelwa neziphithiphithi. Ngoko ke, ukusuka kwindawo yezembali lwembono, le nkqubo ezimbini.

izibakala

• Ezi zigaba yokuqala surplus kwi uMbuso Russian kancinci ukuwa yaqala ngo December 1916. Kodwa oku, kwakunye namanye amaphulo amaninzi kurhulumente, ukuququzelela kuphela ekuweni ngokukhawuleza karhulumente.
• Urhulumente yethutyana, nayo leyo babhenela nangohlaziyo kwi ukutya, angaphumelela bayongeze isitokhwe ukutya, ukuqokelela izigidi 280 iitoni okuziinkozo aphume ocwangcisiweyo 650.

• Irikhwizishini, wazisa ngokusesikweni ekuqaleni 1919, yaba yinxalenye ukutya besothusa iiBolsheviks ngexesha i-Civil beMfazwe, esenzeka ebudeni bexesha "ubukomanisi imfazwe".
• Kuba iiBolsheviks Ukucelwa (okwaba ngokusemthethweni) ukuba kunokuba nzima. ukuphunyezwa kwayo ekuqaleni ayinakwenzeka kwezinye iindawo, ngoko kuthwalelwa phandle kuphela kummandla usembindini lizwe.
• Ekuqaleni Ukucelwa kusebenza kuphela kwi ingqolowa, kodwa ekupheleni amanyathelo 1920 sele isetyenziswe ngokunxulumene zonke ifama ezikhoyo.
• Ekuqaleni, ukuya amafama ukuhlawula yeemveliso eziqokelelweyo, kodwa nokuziswa iimpahla kwaba ukulwa, kuba imali sele devalued, kwaye icandelo waba ukuhla ngokupheleleyo - akukho nto ukutshintsha.

• Ngokwendalo, abalimi azisoloko uvume ukuyeka ngokuzithandela izinto zabo, ngoko kwakukho ngabavukeli ezizodwa, iikomiti ze amahlwempu kunye neeyunithi Red Army.
• Xa abalimi babengenawo umnqweno okanye uyakwazi ukumelana amanyathelo zikarhulumente, aqalisa ukufihla ukutya nokukhula ingqolowa ngaphezulu akukho norm.
• Kwanokuba kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ngeqhudu ukutya yakhokelela ukuhluthwa abalimi, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba umkhosi phakela irikhwizishini kuphela. Le nto ke iye kwakhona lanceda ukubaleka sabasebenzi ezidolophini.
• Kweli thuba ukususela ngo-1918 ukuya 1920 intloko irikhwizishini Russian wayeliKomanisi kamva waba lilungu Wesithathu. Yaba Roland Freisler.

ngenxa

Xa isenzeko bentshiyekela ukutya, kwakunye namanye amaphulo amaninzi yaziswa iiBolsheviks, kwaba ngayo iqela ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ezininzi. Ngaphandle kokuba le nkqubo iye yanceda ukubonelela kuyimfuneko iimveliso wamajoni, uninzi impahla wanyamalala nje, nakuba lwasuswa abantu abawadingayo - oku eneneni wenziwe Ukucelwa. Ngonyaka, xa liqala, waye ingongoma endingayi kubuya uzinzo kunye kwasekuqaleni yonke into ukukhokela elizayo nentlekele enkulu.