Icebreaker "Kapitan Sorokin." icebreakers mihla

Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba malunga isihlanu bonke ubuso iplanethi yethu ligutyungelwe ngumkhenkce. Kunye nenombolo yakhe phantse 35 amaxesha ngaphezu umthamo wamanzi zonke amachibi kunye nemilambo. Intshukumo phezu kwizikhewu enkulu frozen kwakufuneka iimpahla ezikhethekileyo - icebreakers. Basimisela icandelo enamandla imikhumbi Russian. Imbali kwezi nkundla has inqwaba iminyaka. Inqanawa enyukliya ayisekho ku naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini! icebreaker yokuqala yehlabathi ngesityalo ngamandla enyukliya yaphehlelelwa phantse amathandathu eminyaka eyadlulayo eSoviet Union. Namhlanje, bexhobile, ndawonye nesinqanawa Russian 7 iinqanawa atomic.

icebreakers ezifana "Captain Sorokin" zinamandla yalwa. Yiyiphi imisebenzi yenziwa iinqanawa ezo, yintoni na imbali yazo, iimpawu zoyilo kunye namathemba kulindeleke ukuba uphuhliso Arctic Fleet? Siye sifunde kule nqaku.

icebreakers History e Russia

Ulingo lokuqala intshukumo ngumkhenkce zakhiwa phantse amakhulu amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo e North America. Baye iyabiliswa kwaye iziphene ezininzi ukuba izinga lokuphumelela kwabo. Kwinkulungwane yokugqibela babethenga kakhulu.

iimpahla umphunga amandla aphezulu - enye yokuqala yaba icebreaker eSoviet "Sibir" - kungaba elwandle evulekileyo ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu, kwaye omtsha diesel-electric - kabini elide, ukuya kwiintsuku ezimashumi mane.

Ngenxa ukubaluleka USSR okuhamba indlela esemantla, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuxhobisa kwizithuthi ngeteknoloji entsha. Kwaye ngo 1959 amanzi yasungulwa icebreaker yokuqala ehlabathini enyukliya-enikwe, leyo kuthiwa "uLenin". Imbonakalo yaso kulula kakhulu kokulawula ngapha indlela Northern.

Namhlanje, imikhumbi Russian kuquka icebreakers iintlobo ezimbini: idiesel neempahla zombane ngwenya nuclear

Apho kusetyenziswa icebreakers? isitya yokwakha

Icebreakers baye benza igalelo sibalulekile isifundo kuLwandle Northern Route. Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuqinisekisa intshukumo mahala lwezo mpahla kubo. Ukongeza, ukuba sisetyenziselwe ulondolozo kunye ukufudusa matutu zophando, ngokunjalo ukulungiselela ukwenziwa nemithwalo ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezikude Arctic Antarctic.

Ukuze ngempumelelo ukwenza le misebenzi enzima, kufuneka inqanawa okhethekileyo. Icebreaker sele nesakhiwo leyo eyenza ukuba ngolo hlobo, apho oku kunokwenzeka ukuba ezinye iimpahla. Ingakumbi oku kusebenza ezikhethekileyo nokumila impumlo kunye nebhunga umphanda-ezimile. Ngale inqanawa ungaya kwi umkhenkce ukuba atyhudise, ubunzima bakho.

Imilo angaqhelekanga wayesemva (M-Y) ikuvumela ukuba bemlandela ezinye iinqanawa. Used idizili-electric okanye isityalo amandla enyukliya yenza inqanawa enamandla yalwa. ivumela kwakhona lokuzimela nangakumbi isitya, emva kokufaka phezu kwesibhakabhaka engapheliyo qhwa phantse akunakwenzeka.

Icebreaker "Kapitan Sorokin"

impumelelo enkulu wenze ukuqhutywa yasebusika yiSoviet ngo-1977-1978. ngoko yaphehlelelwa kwi icebreaker odumileyo "Kapitan Sorokin." Yena, njengezinye iinqanawa olu hlobo, wadalwa ukuze "Wärtsilä" zalapho eFinland. Bona kwakhelwa eSoviet Union, Finland kunye Argentina. Emva koko "uCaptain Sorokin" njengoko umfuniselo olwenziwa kwizibuko leenqanawa zothutho Dudinka "noPavel Ponomarev" yaye "Navarino". Ngenxa yoko, okwesihlandlo sokuqala ngayo yabonisa ithuba lonyaka-ngeenxa Arctic yokukhangela. Yaba impumelelo kakhulu, nto leyo okwesihlandlo sokuqala icebreakers eSoviet Union.

Kwiminyaka emithandathu edlulileyo, "uCaptain Sorokin" wayalelwa ukuba kuhlangana kwi-Gulf of ngeenxa zonke zehlabathi ngomkhombe waxhasa Volvo Ocean Race, nto leyo ke bagqiba eSt Petersburg. On ibhodi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, baba iintatheli cameramen.

Ngoku, "uCaptain Sorokin" Kwakhona ukusebenza.

Ezinye icebreakers alolu hlobo

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, le icebreaker "Kapitan Sorokin" - akufani isitya kuphela olu hlobo, nto leyo eyinxalenye zezithuthi Russian. Kuzo zonke kukho ezine iinqanawa ezinjalo. Baya ezaqaliswa omnye emva komnye ngo-1977-1981, ngokulandelelana. Igama emva edume polar abathetheli ezine - Sorokin, Nikolaev, Dranitsyna kunye Khlebnikov, - bangabantu wongqameko kwizithuthi icebreaker.

Iimpahla olu hlobo kabini-ubuthwele diesel nqanawa yombane. Icebreaking isaphetha, transom kwaye axhotyiswe abe helipad ivumela ukuba nkulu ukusebenza Arctic navigation.

Khankanya zobuciko

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo icebreaker "Kapitan Sorokin" yaba odumileyo kuphela nohambo Arctic. Ngowe-1979 kuwo yathathwa documentary kaYuri Vizbora. Le film ngokuba "Murmansk-198" lanikezelwa ukuba umsebenzi onzima abalobi lokukhonza icebreakers.

Kwakhona, i "uCaptain Sorokin" abakhankanywe ingoma Yu Vizbora ebizwa ngokuba "owl nekhephu".

Icebreakers eRussia namhlanje

izithuthi Modern Russian kuquka icebreakers emiswa yenyukliya kunye neempahla diesel zombane. Ngokutsho Iingxelo zakutshanje, kuzo zonke kukho 44 umkhombe-uku-setyenziswa. Abahlanu kubo - yenyukliya. Ngowe-2007, loo nto iye yagqitywa kwaye wathuma inqanawa ebizwa ngokuba "50 Years of Victory". Kuyaphawuleka ukuba lo nguye lo icebreaker inkulu ehlabathini. Lubonakala yi ezahlukeneyo xa kuthelekiswa namanye neempahla, imilo impumlo, nto leyo evumela kakuhle ngakumbi ukuba atyhudise khu. Inceda ikakhulu ukuba ahambe imiqodi kwiilwandle abandayo Arctic. Kodwa kwakhona usebenzise i icebreaker, nokwenza Cruises umkhweli. Xa nokulahlwa abakhweli wenqanawa - ichibi, yokugquma, indawo yokutyela, ithala leencwadi.

Kufuneka ngokukhethekileyo waphawula ukuba icebreaker enamandla eSoviet "Arktika" (renamed "Z Brezhnev" kamva). ukubaluleka kwakhe ukuqina amanga neqiniso ukuba le yokuqala afika North Pole.

icebreakers zenyukliya yangoku ukuba ngonyaka izithuthi malunga nezigidi ezintlanu iitoni imithwalo.

Ngoko ke, lo icebreaker Russian mihla - yintlanganisela amandla uphume, isantya nokuthembeka. Khokela indlela ngokusebenzisa ifriji kuLwandle Arctic, yena Liquka amandla kwizithuthi lwasekhaya.

mkhosi icebreakers

Kunyaka-asixhenxe usuku Victory umthendeleko ezukileyo Yayikukuzinikela kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, apho kuyo icebreakers zinamandla lizwe. Yayinguye kuphela elolu hlobo kwaye yayibanjelwe amanzi Big Neva. Zonke iindwendwe zomthendeleko emanzini nga ngokukhululekileyo siwatyelele thaca enkundleni.

Phakathi kwabo kwakukho icebreaker "Kapitan Sorokin," yaye odumileyo "Ivan Kruzenshtern», rhoqo ukhupha izithuba amanzi phakathi kwezahlulo zemali eyinkunzi kunye osemantla kuLwandle lweBaltic. Kwakhona kungenzeka ukuba babubone ezinkulu "St Petersburg" yaye "eMoscow". umzimba obomeleleyo kunye nemilinganiselo zezi zithuthi ukuvumela ukuba kudlula ngokulula ngenxa ice ukuya kwimitha omnye elingqingqwa, kwaye ikhatshwe zinqanawa ezinkulu khangela ngozi kubunzulu omkhulu.

Abatyeleli kulo mthendeleko bakwazi ukubona icebreakers zinamandla wezithuthi Russian. Yaye ekupheleni holide kwaba kuyenzeka ukuba agcine ngendlela emangalisayo, intlekisa umdla - ekundleni iinqanawa phantsi kwenkxaso iokhestra live - "Maritime waltz".

icebreakers elizayo

Ethetha icebreakers mihla, asinako sijonge kwixesha elizayo ezi mpahla. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uphuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa neenqanawa ezintsha uba ezibalulekile. Mhla sigcina ukubala, imikhumbi Russian kufuneka ngeenqanawa ezintandathu nuclear-anikwe mihla. Njani, ke ngoko, aya kuba icebreaker elizayo?

Kwiminyaka esixhenxe ezayo, sihlelwe ukwakha icebreaker ezintathu yenyukliya-enikwe enamandla elandelayo, sele besesithathu isizukulwana. Iiprojekthi icebreakers yale hlobo sithembiso ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza okukhulu kakhulu, amandla kunye ukuzimela. Eqhubayo kungoku nje usebenza enqanaweni omtsha "Arctic" isizukulwana wesithathu. Ngokutsho izibalo, le icebreaker iya siqubha evulekileyo ukuya kuma kwiminyaka esixhenxe.

Kucingelwa ukuba le nqanawa iya kuba ngobukhulu emhlabeni, nanto khethekileyo kwi ezininzi parameters. Ukusekwa yale nqanawa ukuvula i iphepha elitsha kwimbali kwizithuthi icebreaker. Kokuba kuthathwe ukuba impumelelo imikhumbi kuya kuvumela ukufunda ngakumbi i-Arctic kunye neendawo kokufumanisa ukuba akazange ngaphambili alicanda.