Le icebreaker inkulu ehlabathini: iifoto, ubukhulu

I icebreaker yokuqala ehlabathini wabonakala kwinkulungwane XVIII. Kwaba wawungeyonqanawa elikhulu kakhulu ekwaziyo ngokwaphula womkhenkce ePhiladelphia kwizibuko. Yaba ixesha elide ekubeni sondo indawo a ophephela, kwaye kananjalo kukho reactor yenyukliya enamandla. Namhlanje, enyukliya-enikwe sibange Arctic ice amandla enkulu kakhulu.

Yintoni i icebreaker?

Le nqanawa lisetyenziswa amanzi legqunyiwe ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze ngumkhenkce. icebreakers Nuclear zixhotyiswe zizityalo ngamandla enyukliya, kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka ukuba umthamo omkhulu ngaphezu idizili, ngoko ke lula ukoyisa amachibi zibambene. Icebreakers enye inzuzo ecacileyo - abawadingi yokugalela amafutha ezithuthi.

Inqaku elilandelayo osondeza icebreaker sikhulu ehlabathini (ubukhulu, uyilo, iimpawu, njalo njalo. D.). Kwakhona, funda izinto, uyakwazi ukubona ethwala inkulu kule hlobo ehlabathini.

Overview

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke-10 ezikhoyo namhlanje kwi icebreakers zenyukliya yakhiwe kwaye wahamba ngexesha lokuhlala waseUSSR naseRashiya. Indispensability-moya enjalo kubonisa lo msebenzi, nto leyo kwenzeka ngo-1983. Ngelo xesha, malunga amahlanu neempahla, kuquka icebreakers kunye idizili, baba kwimpuma Arctic, kule ice mgibe. Bulelani kuphela atomic icebreaker "Arktika" , bakwazi ukuphuma kwabo ekuthinjweni imithwalo kubalulekile zokuhlala ezikufuphi.

Yakha lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zenyukliya baseRashiya baqalisa ixesha elide, ngokuba kuphela kwilizwe lethu kunye Arctic Ocean kukho ukuchukumisa elide kude - edume maritime indlela esemantla, ubude yayo amawaka 5 600 km .. Qala ithatha ukususela kwiSango Kara neliphela e Providence Bay.

Kukho enye ingongoma umdla: icebreakers ngokukodwa zipeyintwe umbala enzulu obomvu ukuba ibonakale ngokucacileyo kwi ngumkhenkce.

Inqaku elilandelayo lizisa icebreakers enkulu ehlabathini (top 10).

Icebreaker "Arktika"

Enye icebreakers ezinkulu - i icebreaker "Arktika" wangena phantsi imbali inqanawa umphezulu 1, apho sifikelele North Pole. yayibizwa "Z Brezhnev" kwiminyaka 1982-1986. Ibhukmaki yaqhutyelwa eLeningrad, kwi kwiBaltic zalapho ngoJulayi 1971. Xa indalo yayo wawuzinyaswe ezingaphezu kwe-400 amashishini kunye nemibutho, uphando lwezenzululwazi kunye noyilo, kunye neminye imibutho.

Le icebreaker ngoMay kuka-1972. Injongo kwenqanawa - navigation ecaleni Arctic Ocean.

ubude yenyukliya ngwenya - meters-148, kwaye board kubude 17 eemitha. ububanzi balo - 30 eemitha. Umphunga odala izityalo amandla enyukliya - ngaphezulu kwe-55 megawatts. isitya Iimpawu Technical bavunyelwe ukuba atyhudise ngumkhenkce, ukuba ububanzi m-5, kunye nesantya wayo emanzini olunyulu savela ukuya ku-18 amaqhina.

10 icebreakers ezinkulu ehlabathini

Ngezantsi 10 eziphezulu ezinkulu (ngobude) of icebreakers mihla ehlabathini lonke:

1. "iNorthern Sea Route" - ethutha inqanawa icebreaking. Ubude bayo kweemitha ezingama-260, ukuphakama ingqamana ubungakanani lwesakhiwo esasakhiwe. Inqanawa uyakwazi kugqitha ice ububanzi wemitha 1.

2. "Arctic" - ngobukhulu ubude icebreaker kweemitha-173. Ezibeka emanzini ngo-2016 kwaye limele icebreaker yokuqala wenyukliya ye-Russian Federation. Bakwazi ukwahlukana khu Ebubanzini phantse neemitha ezi-3.

3. "50 Years of woloyiso" - ulwandle icebreaker-atom (nje enkulu ehlabathini) iklasi "Arctic", ebonakala ngamandla enomtsalane kunye nokutyala enzulu. Ubude bayo kweemitha 159,6.

4. "Tajmyr" - atomic umlambo icebreaker ngokwaphula ice chweba lomlambo ubukhulu ukuya kwiimitha 1.7. Ubude bayo kweemitha 151,8. Le peculiarity wenqanawa - ingalingani ezincinane kunye nesakhono sokuqhuba kugqithise kubushushu obuphantsi.

5. "Vaigach" - eyakhelwe (kodwa ndandiselula umganyana,) umsebenzi othile c "Taimyr". izixhobo zenyukliya yafakwa kwi enqanaweni ngo-1990. ubude bayo - 151,8 m.

6. "Yamal" - idume yokuba kule icebreaker yintlanganiso yesithathu yeminyaka kwi North Pole. Inani elipheleleyo moya icebreaker kule obekho phantse 50. ubude balo kweemitha ezili-150.

7. Healy - i US icebreaker inkulu. Ngowe-2015 phezu kwayo okokuqala baseMerika akwazi ukwenza uhambo ukuya North Pole. Uphando inqanawa uuba lixhotyisiwe ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo elebhu kunye novavanyo zamvanje. ubude bayo - 128 leemitha.

8. PolarSea - enye icebreakers endala United States of America, eyakhiwa ngo-1977. SEATTLE - port. Ubude enqanaweni - 122 leemitha. Mhlawumbi uya kungekudala kubhalwa ngaphandle ngokunxibelelene ukwaluphala.

9. Louis S. St-Laurent - le icebreaker inkulu, awayakhayo Canada (mitha 120 ubude) ngo-1969 kwaye langoku ngokupheleleyo yokugqibela ngo-1993. Le nqanawa yokuqala ehlabathini, nto leyo kufikelelwe ngo-1994 i-North Pole.

10. Polarstern - icebreaker German, yakhiwa ngo-1982 yaye ilungiselelwe uphando lwezenzululwazi. Inqanawa endala linobude beemitha 118. Ngowe-2017, kuya kwakhiwa Polarstern-II, nto leyo eya endaweni engaphambili uthabathe Linjengomlindo Arctic.

Le icebreaker inkulu ehlabathini: iifoto, inkcazelo, isikhundla

"50 Years of woloyiso" - ubukhulu becala yala maxesha iprojekthi elingwayo we2 "Arctic" uhlobo uthotho icebreakers. Kule fomu isaphetha isitya xa lisetyenziswa ngokohlobo ngecephe. It sasetyenziswa kuqala kuphuhliso sokuhlola "Kenmar Kigoriyak" (icebreaker, Canada) ngo-1979 kwaye iye khorwisaka wabonakalisa ukusebenza.

Yeyona inkulu kwaye zinamandla ehlabathini icebreaker atom lixhotyiswe nenkqubo yolawulo ngokuzenzekelayo digital mihla. Kwakhona unalo i iseti zaphuculwa lwezixhobo zokhuselo bemvelo ezinezityalo samandla senyukliya. Ifakwe nayo, kwaye indawo esingqongileyo, uuba lixhotyisiwe ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo mihla yokugqibela, eqokelela ze ilahle iimveliso inkunkuma lwabasebenzi ebhodini.

Icebreaker "50 Years of woloyiso" sithetha nje kuphela ukukhutshwa nezinye iimpahla ukusuka ice ekuthinjweni, naye a swi ekuphunyezweni Cruises kubakhenkethi. Kakade ke, ezingontsini umkhweli kwibhodi apho, ngoko abakhenkethi zilungiselelwa sihlale eqhelekileyo lobume nqanawa. Noko ke, icala inqanawa mayixhotyiswe yokutyela, yokugquma, swimming pool kanye umthambo.

Imbali Emfutshane inqanawa

icebreaker inkulu ehlabathini - "50 Years of woloyiso". Uyilelwe eLeningrad kwi kwiBaltic kwakhiwa ngo-1989 kunye kwiminyaka 4 kamva yakhiwe kwaye ngokusesikweni okokuqala. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwakhiwa ke ayikagqitywa ngenxa neengxaki zemali. Kuphela ngo-2003 lavulwa ekwakhiweni kwayo, yaye ngoFebruwari 2007 kwi-Gulf of Finland waqala uvavanyo. ngepoti ye irejistri waba Murmansk.

Nangona ekuqaleni elide namhlanje emva inqanawa - angaphezu kwekhulu kuyiwe North Pole.

Le icebreaker kakhulu ezinamandla eliphezulu-enikwe "50 Years of woloyiso" - ngenxa icebreaker 8 atom, yaza yakhiwa kwi kwiBaltic zalapho.

"ESiberia"

Ngelo xesha, i eSoviet Union yayingekho efana kulwakhiwo icebreakers zenyukliya-anikwe amandla. Ngaloo mihla kungekho nenye indawo ehlabathini zange abe iinkundla ezinjalo, lo gama eSoviet Union 7 icebreakers atomic. Umzekelo, i "eSiberia" - inqanawa leyo eye yaba phambili ngqo "Arctic" uhlobo izityalo zamandla enyukliya.

Isitya eso mayixhotyiswe nenkqubo satellite yonxibelelwano, onoxanduva umatshini wefeksi, yomnxeba kunye navigation. Kwakhona zonke ezi aluncedo: indawo yokuphumula, ichibi, yokugquma, ithala leencwadi, gym, yaye igumbi elikhulu lokutyela.

Icebreaker "eSiberia" kweli bali weza isitya lokuqala uye wenza unyaka-ngeenxa yokukhangela ukusuka Murmansk ukuya Dudinka. Ngaphezu koko, akukho isitya yesibini ifikelele incopho umhlaba kwi North Pole.

Ngowe-1977 (ngexesha ukubeka ukusebenza lo icebreaker), kwakubonakala imilinganiselo inkulu: 29.9 neemitha - ububanzi 147,9 kweemitha - ubude. Ngaloo mihla, kwaba icebreaker inkulu ehlabathini.

icebreakers meaning

kwixa elizayo, ukubaluleka iinqanawa ezo aya kunyuka, kuphela ngenxa yokuba kwixesha elide izicwangciso ezino- imisebenzi yophuhliso esebenzayo kwezibonelelo zendalo ngaphantsi kakhulu umgangatho Arctic Ocean.

On kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo for navigation indlela North Sea kuthatha iinyanga 2-4 kuphela, ngenxa yokuba zonke ezinye ngexesha yonke amanzi igutyungelwe ngumkhenkce nemitha ezi-3 okanye ngaphezulu zamafu. Ukuze ukuba esichengeni umkhombe kunye nqanawa, kwaye kananjalo ukwenzela ukugcina amafutha kunye icebreakers wathumela iinqwelo-moya kunye ntaka ukuba enze wokuhlola befuna indlela elula.

icebreakers ngobukhulu bukaThixo inkalo ebalulekileyo - bakwazi ngokuzimeleyo kwi-Arctic Ocean kulo nyaka, waphula isaphetha shape engaqhelekanga ngumkhenkce ububanzi kweemitha ukuya ku-3.

isiphelo

USSR wake ukuphakama epheleleyo kwihlabathi kwinani iimpahla ezinjalo. Kanye ngelo xesha yayakhiwe icebreakers zenyukliya-anikwe ezisixhenxe.

Ukususela ngowe-1989, ezinye icebreakers yale hlobo ziye zasetyenziswa zeehambo babakhenkethi ukuba zenziwa kakhulu ukuya North Pole.

Ebusika, ice ububanzi kwi olwandle yi-avareji imitha 1.2-2 phambili, kwaye kwezinye iindawo yeemitha ukuya ku-2.5, kodwa icebreakers atomic nako ukuhamba phezu kwamanzi ezinjalo nge ngesantya kweekhilomitha ezili-20 ngeyure nganye (11 amaqhina). Xa amanzi free ice, isantya unako ukufikelela iikhilomitha 45 ngeyure nganye (okanye amaqhina 25).