Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo zemalike. Le rhwebo eRashiya

amazwe amaninzi yehlabathi ukwakha umfuziselo yesizwe yezoqoqosho zisekelwe kwimigaqo emarikeni. ithi abaninzi bakwazi ukuphuhlisa kuqoqosho olomeleleyo, ukhuphiswano. Abanye kweli nqanaba utshintsho kuwo. wenza njani imarike free? Yintoni indima karhulumente kuphuhliso wayo?

Yintoni imarike free

Ngokutsho definition edumileyo, imarike free - it samoreguliremyh Ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo kwenkqubo ubudlelwane phakathi abadlali abenza iimveliso kunye neenkonzo, kunye nabo bathengayo kubo. eziphambili sezulu - iindleko, imfuno, ubonelelo. Umlinganiselo macandelo mabini yokugqibela kugqiba inani elinkeza iziphumo zokuqala.

Imarike ivelisa uhlobo ohambelana kuqoqosho, elithanda, ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo ecwangcisiweyo zombutho kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Ngoko, ke, parameters ezifana ixabiso, ukuveliswa nemfuneko, ubukhulu becala ezilawulwa ngurhulumente.

Iingenelo neengozi kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho

Ziziphi iingenelo kunye nengeloncedo emarikeni, kwakunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo yezoqoqosho? Izinto eziluncedo ingcali ziquka:

- ukusebenza eliphezulu lovimba loluntu ulwabiwo umba;

- nezimo kuqoqosho ukuya ukutshintsha iimeko zangaphandle;

- ukufaneleka ukuphunyezwa uphuhliso lwezenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe;

- amathuba ukuziqesha kunye noshishino;

- Impendulo kuqoqosho neemfuno zoluntu.

Kukho izinto ezingeloncedo. Emarikeni lobubi ziquka:

- ngokugqithisileyo kwiimeko ezininzi nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo;

- ubungozi zentlalo (ngqesho, ezifa-);

- icala kwerandi beefemi.

Noko ke, aba neengxaki becala ungenelelo eyaneleyo karhulumente sichithwe. Kumazwe amaninzi, ezi ngongoma zingentla iintsilelo ze-yeemalike kunokuba wesiqhelo. Le modeli, apho izakhiwo amandla inxaxheba kwiinkqubo kwimarike, obizwa ngokuba ingxubevange. Xa kusenziwa oku, isetyenziswa ezininzi States mihla. A kwimarike free kwifomu yayo enyulu naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini namhlanje, abahlalutyi bathi, akakho.

Yorhwebo kunye norhulumente

Cinga ngendlela urhulumente siziphathe rhwebo. Ungenelelo ngoncedo amagunya kuba kumanqanaba ezimbini ezisisiseko. Lokuqala - kwamaziko. Njengenxalenye karhulumente yakhe ubukhulu becala kwezemali kunye nomgaqo-lawulo wemali, ubukhulu becala esilala imiba ze international (leyo ngokubonakalayo imi leSebe kuphela abasemagunyeni). Lo ngumphakamo wesibini - kubandakanyeko karhulumente kwisigaba uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Oko kukuthi, xa abasemagunyeni kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo, "endaweni" ishishini. Kwezinye iinxalenye kuqoqosho yesizwe karhulumente idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu? Iingcali ukuchonga oku kulandelayo:

- imarike yeentengo zemboleko kunye zebhanki;

- trade amazwe;

- imfundo, ezempilo kunye umyalelo yoluntu.

Xa kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho kweli kwinqanaba lokuqala, indima karhulumente lifinyele ikakhulu ukwandisa ulwabiwo eyinkunzi. Ngosuku lwesibini - ukukhuthaza ukuphunyezwa kwezolimo kwemisebenzi ezahlukeneyo zentlalo, kwezinye iimeko - yemfuno kunye ummiselo ubonelelo. Njengoko yonke le nto iyenzeka practice? Cinga imilinganiso ahambelanayo.

Isimo njengoko Umlawuli

Kwinqanaba lamaziko, leSebe kuphela kurhulumente - irhafu (kunye neentlawulo ezinxulumene - imirhumo, iintlawulo mali zentlalo, etc ...). Ukuphakamisa usehlisa irhafu ahambelanayo, ukucinywa okanye eqalisa amandla amatsha ngaloo alawule ukusasazwa eyinkunzi phakathi kwisigaba labucala kunye nebhajethi.

Enye indawo nobuchule ingundoqo karhulumente - umgaqo wolawulo-mali. izakhiwo Power, isikakhulu kobuso Central Bank kunye namabhunga olawulo afanelekileyo elijongene nemicimbi yendalo imali, ukusekwa inzala ezingundoqo, kukhutshwe imixokelelwane kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, njalo njalo. D. Kwaye oku kwakhona indlela ye ukwabiwa ikomkhulu lesizwe.

Urhulumente njenge isakhiwo ishishini

Indlela yesibini - oko inxaxheba karhulumente kwentshukumo yezoqoqosho ngokungathi iyunithi ishishini. Kwakunye nemibutho yabucala, amashishini karhulumente (abo bamanywe isabelo nakolu koogunyaziwe kwizabelo okanye eyinkunzi ogunyazisiweyo) ukuvelisa iimveliso, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo, ahlawule irhafu.

Ngandlel 'ithile, ii-arhente zikarhulumente lufunde iingenelo emarikeni, ezifana, ngokomzekelo, ukukwazi ukukhuphisana namanye amacandelo oshishino. Ukubaluleka esebenzayo lo matshini ukuze, njengokuba ukhetho, xa zivuse umnqweno kwiinkampani zabucala ukuze luhambelane nemigangatho zentlalo. A Umzekelo elula - zebhanki. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba imibutho inkulu zemali eRashiya ngokusekelwe yesakhiwo eyinkunzi - karhulumente. Ngako oko, amandla ngokusebenzisa ekwakheni umgaqo-nkqubo wayo ishishini okanye imigangatho abakwazi kunceda ukukhuthaza iibhanki zabucala ukuphinda okanye ukunika ezinye kukhuphiswano. Njani?

imigangatho social State

Oku kuquka, umzekelo, inqanaba kwemivuzo. Ukuba iibhanki zikarhulumente kuya kwandisa imivuzo yabasebenzi, kwaye amaziko abolekisa abucala kuya kunyanzeleka ukuba benze okufanayo. Ngokufanayo - inqanaba lenkonzo. Ukuba ke uya kunikwa ngcono kunokuba ngasese, ke akukho sizathu ukusingatha ityala xa umntu wesibini yibhanki kukarhulumente. Ngenxa yoko - ukwandisa umgangatho wenkonzo yonke. Ngaphezu Sathi sakuchaza ukuba iingenelo zorhwebo iquka indlela ulungelelwaniso zokukhusela intlalo yabemi. Kwimeko ngoncedo kurhulumente, lo mba ingalandwa kakhulu ngokucacileyo.

Ubume rhwebo

Yintoni na isakhiwo rhwebo? Ikakhulu, oku kumiselwa ngokusekelwe uhlobo ukusebenza kwizifundo zakhe, kwakunye iinkalo ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo. Cinga, yaye emva koko, yaye ngaphezulu. Uqoqosho kwimarike eRashiya kunye noninzi lwamanzwe yobungxowankulu kwihlabathi amelwe iseti zilandelayo zifundo:

- oosomashishini ngamnye kunye nemibutho yabucala;

- umsebenzi karhulumente;

- abasebenzi salaried abo, enyanisweni, athengise abasebenzi zabo inkonzo;

- kweendonga;

- abathengi (kumakhaya).

Kwelinye icala, nganye kwezi ntlobo zingentla zifundo ihlelwa inani elikhulu iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela. Umzekelo, oosomashishini kunye nemibutho abucala kwakunye amashishini karhulumente asebenza ngezigaba ezahlukeneyo:

- ushishino;

- trade;

- iinkonzo.

Ngenxa yoko, ngamnye ziqwempu nazo yahlulelwe kwii ariya ethile.

Zeziphi iimeko apho imisebenzi rhwebo nga awanakuqaliswa ngokupheleleyo? Iingcali ubize zilandelayo.

factor impahla

Iziko propati yabucala - ukuba header abahlalutyi abaninzi baqonde isitshixo. Nawuphi na imveliso, uphawu, uphawu (m. E. Ukuba okunene yenza kunye capital) kufuneka ukuba ibe lilifa usomashishini osakhasayo. Kuphela kulo mzekelo uya kuba nako ukuva umdlali ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo kurhwebo labucala. iinqobo ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene kwipropati, - ubukho kweendlela zowiso ukukhusela kuyo. Oku kubalulekile ngokwembono uzinzo kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho. Kwamanye amazwe, ukwenza ngokwezembali kutshintsho lwezoqoqosho emarikeni, ipropati yabucala yinto ekhoyo, kodwa indlela yokhuseleko yayo, izinto ezingalungileyo kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ubumeli amahlwempu-esemgangathweni. Enyanisweni, lo njengenqobo elandelayo.

izenzo zomthetho

Imisebenzi ye rhwebo amkeleke kuphela nemithetho eyaneleyo. Omnye imiba ezibonisa ukubaluleka kwale njengenqobo yokugweba, siye kuchaziwe ngentla - kufuna ukhuselo kwipropati yabucala. Enye, kufuneka ukuba ummiselo ngokucacileyo yomthetho - ngayo ubudlelwane yoluntu.

Amashishini izivumelwano - kunye nezinye iinkampani, kunye abemi, kunye nabadlali ngamazwe. umgangatho intsebenziswano ixhomekeke kwindlela ukhululekile ukuba oosomashishini ukuba okuqulethwe zezi izivumelwano ezifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe mthetho. Okukwazi - kwakhona into ebalulekileyo (usomashishini kufuneka azive ukuba ukusebenza elinye icala ukuba iimeko ikhontrakthi kuxhaswa amalungiselelo amiselwe ngokomthetho).

iziseko market

Icandelo lesithathu - izibonelelo nemakethe. Yinto ingqiqo pretty capacious. Njengomthetho jikelele, nabachazi sizidibanise iindlela ezifana, ngokomzekelo, inkqubo zebhanki, iziko lamatyala, stock exchange. Oko kukuthi, amashishini abucala kufuneka izibonelelo zeziseko ukufikelela ngokulinganayo ukuba ekuthengisweni kweempahla kunye neenkonzo.

Zontathu ezi mfuno elikude uluhlu olupheleleyo. Noko ke, ubuncinane zingqineke ukusebenza yabo aspect zembali. Lawo mazwe baye kutshintsho lwezoqoqosho kwimarike, ingakumbi abo kwi sotsbloke yangaphambili, imibutho ukuba sendleleni ohambelana ukusuka kwinkqubo omnye komnye, ukusebenza kwezi ezintathu.

Market kunye nokhuphiswano

Enye iimpawu eziphambili kwezoqoqosho free - ukhuphiswano. Oko kukuthi, ngokutsho abezoqoqosho abaninzi, ligqiba ezininzi iingenelo zemakethi siye afunyaniswe ekuqaleni kweli nqaku. Ukuba ukhuphiswano na ceke kukuba, oko kusenokwenzeka uya kumisela ixabiso elifanelekileyo ukuba iimpahla kunye neenkonzo, umgangatho, ubugcisa, isini kwezentlalo, njl Ukuba ayenzeki - .. Kuyinto kunokwenzeka ukuba oosomashishini iya kuseka amaxabiso bodwa ngenxa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo, apho nabo babe mgangathweni.

Kukho enye ingongoma umdla malunga ukhuphiswano. Oku kubonisa ukuba inqanaba eliphantsi ukhuphiswano ngezigaba ezithile - oku kulungile. Kutheni? Inyaniso yokuba kunika amashishini ithuba ukuze lokuthengisa i iimveliso ezintsha ngokupheleleyo kunye neenkonzo. Akukho kakhulu ukuba babe niche, ukukhuthaza njani ukuvela omtsha, akazange khona. Kurhwebo wokhuphiswano kakhulu, bona, amashishini ochaphazelekayo ikakhulu malunga iindleko ukunciphisa, i-ukusebenza iindleko, malunga ukuze sisinde njani ukhuphiswano belinye iqela. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba umba ezintsha elinokunikwa ingqalelo phezulu kangako. Ubuncinane kuba inkampani awukwazi ukufumana iimali ukuphunyezwa naziphi na izinto ezintsha.

Kukho ezifana elide njengoko "ukhuphiswano egqibeleleyo." Yintoni na? Ziziphi izinto ezingalunganga zemakethi ukhuphiswano hetisekeke? Makhe sihlolisise le nkalo ngokweenkcukacha.

ukhuphiswano ephelele

Ukuqwalasela izinto ezingalunganga zemakethi, safika kulo mbuzo, njengoko kwakugxininiswe yomsebenzi lentelekelelo le kwamashishini. Kuthetha ukuthini? Ikakhulu yokuba mveliso musa ukufuna ukuphucula nohlobo zoshishino, kunye nokwakha iindlela zokuphucula capitalisation, kwaye, kananjalo, ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, nanini na iindleko. Phantsi ukhuphiswano egqibeleleyo, ithuba lokuba ngoosomashishini Oku lincitshiswe ku nothi. Kutheni?

Kuthathwa ukuba phantsi ukhuphiswano egqibeleleyo emarikeni ngaxeshanye kukho inani elikhulu kakhulu abadlali ingxenye efanayo. Okt ukuvelisa iimveliso efanayo okanye ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo efanayo. Njengoko umthetho, inzuzo nganye kumashishini ezisebenza kule meko, esezantsi. Noko ke, oosomashishini ezintsha kulula ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangene kulo kwimarike - ke "ukufudumala", kukho imfuneko. Noko ke, amathuba ngokuba Intelekelelo kuyinto engekho. Ukuze ufumane inzuzo ngakumbi, ukuba kuyimfuneko hayi kangako kukuphucula imodeli yolawulo lokungena nokuphuma kwemali, njengoko umsebenzi ukuphucula umgangatho kweempahla kunye neenkonzo, ukuphucula intsebenziswano nabathengisi kunye ngoonokontraka ukwenzela ukunciphisa iindleko.

Ingaba kukho umda ukhuphiswano imfezeko?

ukhuphiswano Perfect - ayikho kuphela ezi iingenelo. Nokungapheleli zemarike, ulawula kwisakhelo ezi ndlela, nawe. Bona ikakhulu kuchaphazela inkalo zentlalo. Ukuba icandelo ethile kuqoqosho kukho ukhuphiswano egqibeleleyo, oko kukuthi, okokuqala, kunye namathuba ephakamileyo kubonisa Ukwanda ezaneleyo emarike ngokwalo imisebenzi. Abantu abafumana umsebenzi kakhulu kutshanje ngenkani, ukuze babenengxaki engqesho. Nale isici ngokusondeleyo ngamazinga omnye - umvuzo. Phantsi ukhuphiswano egqibeleleyo, sukube asibi. Nje ngenxa yokuba iinkampani zingenazo ithuba ukuyandisa - yonke imali ekhoyo isetyenziselwa ukuphucula imveliso okanye inkonzo.

Ukwanda aspect

Ngenxa yoko, nathi axilongwe eluncedo nengeloncedo imarike ecocekileyo, okanye ukhuphiswano egqibeleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kusekwe wayo - inkqubo kunokuba zendalo ngaphezu olulawulwayo. Ekugqibeleni yonke ingxenye ishishini Igcwele abadlali. Ngokomzekelo, kwiminyaka yokuqala rhwebo eRashiya waphawulwa inqanaba elisezantsi kakhulu kukhuphiswano, amaxabiso aphezulu kwiimeko ezininzi, yaye ngenxa yoko, amashishini eliphezulu-eludinini. Ngoku imeko yahlukile ngezigaba ezininzi. Amashishini liye landa, amaxabiso uzinzo, inzuzo iinkampani iye yehla. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi sagxininisa umgangatho kweempahla kunye neenkonzo. Ngokubanzi, uqoqosho lwehlabathi, kurhwebo lwehlabathi - xa kufikwa kumazwe apho kukho imiqathango nokusebenza imodeli ezamahala kwezoqoqosho - yaphuhliswa sikhokelo imithetho efanayo.