Abantu bomthonyama le Arctic. Zeziphi abantu abantu bomthonyama le Arctic?

I-Arctic - Territory le Arctic Ocean kwimimandla umda amazwekazi neelwandle. Uninzi mmandla wambu ezihambayo. abantu bomthonyama Arctic sakuqhela kwiimeko ezimaxongo le Arctic. Kweli nqaku, siza kukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nendlela ukuba kakuhle lo mmandla, ngubani populates yaye ubomi ngayo nabantu basekuhlaleni.

Iimpawu kwale ndawo

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe uhlobo abantu yabantu bemveli i-Arctic, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuchaza mmandla. Liguqulwe lithatyathwa kwigama lesiGrike elithi 'Arctic "lithetha" athwale ". Uninzi siqithi - eGreenland Ice Sheet. abantu bomthonyama Arctic bebeziqhelanisa kuneqabaka zasebusika ngqwabalala elide. Umzekelo, iqondo lobushushu Taimyr Peninsula kufika kumgomo we -50 Celsius. Winter kungathatha it neenyanga ezili-9. Bayive elangeni ehlotyeni akayi kuphumelela, kuba lobushushu eliphezulu kufika kumgomo we-10. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba kukho kuwo polar ebusuku Arctic kunye nemini ezibandayo.

indawo Arctic yahlulwe ezintathu:

• emathafeni ityholwana;
• emathafeni eqhelekileyo (ulele, moss);
• Arctic.

Inkqubo yophuhliso

Ukwakha uthungelwano nemibutho Arctic yemveli izizwe accounted for-20 leminyaka st. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yophuhliso sele iqalile kakhulu ngaphambili. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 000 eyadlulayo, abantu bamandulo kuqala ukubeka unyawo kula kweli lizwe. Ke kule ntsimi Arctic zazizihambela amawaka adle kunye zeenkomo. abantu bamandulo kancinane zafikelela kunye Arctic, abanqumla imida Asia, China kunye Mongolia.

Imiqondiso yokuqala yobomi babantu bamandulo , awafunyanwayo esezantsi kuyo i Yana River. Abembi bezinto zakudala bakholelwa ukuba abemi bokuqala belizwe ngqwabalala babehlala apha malunga 37 000 eyadlulayo. abantu bamandulo washiya imizobo emqolombeni izivatho phezu evele engumfuziselo ndlovu kunye namatye. Babevakalisa kuzingela imifanekiso phezu kwabo.

Arctic nabantu bomthonyama

Abemi bokuqala abeza kweli lizwe iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 000 eyadlulayo, yaye baye bahlala apha. Ngokutsho manani, abantu bomthonyama le Arctic - bona abameli iintlanga ezahlukeneyo 17. La maqela ezentlalo zahlukile kwezinye iilwimi ngamnye lweenkobe, amasiko kunye lobuqotho, amaziko enkcubeko kunye yokuhlalisana kunye nemilinganiselo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu bomthonyama-Arctic inqabile. Inani labo kunqabile idlula abantu abangama-50 000.

Uluhlu bomthonyama i-Arctic iye ezilawulwa ngurhulumente, oko kuquka:

• Veps;
• Aleuts;
• Nenets;
• chuma;
• Oluchi;
• Alyutors;
• Eskimos;
• sami;
• Orok;
• Dolgan;
• Enets;
• ulchi;
• Chukchi;
• Kamchadals et al.

zikhona abantu bomthonyama Arctic kwi imali encinci. Ngokutsho kubalo yakutshanje, kukho malunga nama-260 000 abantu.

Yokuphila kwabantu bomthonyama

Abo ke ngabantu bomthonyama ye-Arctic, ngokuqhelekileyo baphile ubomi semi-ephila. Kucingwa eqhelekileyo nabantu basekuhlaleni. ukufuduka Ukusoloko ukusuka kumathafa ukuya kummandla emathafeni - indlela yokuphila. Uninzi abantu bomthonyama Arctic bekwi:

• adle;
• wokuzingela;
• ukuhlangana;
• lokuloba.

Le ndlela yokuphila esithe labantu Arctic lweempawu ezizodwa uhlanga. Yesazisi abantu kuyafana nakwezinye iinkcubeko baseMpuma Ekude, eSiberia i Far North. Indlela efanayo yobomi lufumaneka nonxweme-nabahlali, Yakuts, Karelia, Komi kunye Amakholwa Old, ngokuba imfuyo yabo ixhomekeke iimeko zokusingqongileyo, imozulu, njalo njalo. D. Ngokutsho manani, emantla ngoku ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga ne-1.5 million. De kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, eli nani laba izihlandlo-10 ngaphantsi. Olu tshintsho inxulumene ngqo intshukumo emantla baseRashiya, injongo yakhe ephambili - ukuze afumane imali engaphezulu. Ngapha koko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje kukho inani elikhulu leenkampani ngenxa gesi, processing kunye nothutho izinto ekrwada yavulwa.

ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nolwamkelo abahlali bendawo

abantu bomthonyama Arctic sele iwupasisile indlela kunzima ukuqhelana kokusingqongileyo. eminyaka yonke eguquka ukuze kusetyenziswa imiqathango ngasentla. Ngenxa yale basekuhlaleni zingachaphazeli kwindalo, sebenzisa izixhobo zalo kwindlela engashiyi. yokuphila yemveli kuphela kunceda abantu bomthonyama ukuba bamelane yinkqubo entsonkothileyo efana lithathelwe. Eyona njongo iphambili yale abantu abahlala Arctic - ukugcina umgangatho wentsebenzo komhlaba iliso ukungafani eziphilayo. Bulelani kuphela ukukhathalelwa nobuzaza, ngokunxulumene kwihlabathi ngaphandle abantu bomthonyama bakwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima yobukho. Oku kwabanceda ukuba izithethe zabo, imibhiyozo kunye nemibhiyozo, apho idluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.

amasiko

Naliphi igama yabantu bemveli i-Arctic ngokwayo uyalela intlonipho kwabanye. Ukuba nako ukusinda kwindawo oqatha ngolu hlobo yaye zikho kule mini. Kuyinto ulwazi lwemveli, enayinikelwayo phantsi ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana, baye bancedakala kakhulu ekwenzeni oko. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukwenza nekhalenda zoshishino. Abalobi kunye abazingeli imisela neendawo zemveliso kunye nemihla eyiyo. imimiselo Kuyilwe wambamba izilwanyana kunye nentlanzi. Kuxhomekeka ekukhuleni inani northerners baba umthwalo inane lezilwanyana ezithile.
• Igcina ikhaya kubangela izilwanyana zemveli.
• Ukhuselo sites ukuvelisa iintlobo zorhwebo.
• Ukucoca amabala amaqanda, emadlelweni, imilambo kunye aggregations zidala izilwanyana.
• Ukutshintshelwa kolwazi lwemveli ngonyango kunye neendlela yezengqondo-ezingenamandla ze ukulawula abantu. Abadala kunye abathandazi lelo lwazi. Ukongeza, abantu bomthonyama ukususela ebuntwaneni ubuchule netheknoloji lukhuni, bengasetyenziswa kwaye baqeqeshwe. Kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka elishumi, abantwana bakwazi ukuqhuba iinkqubo ezininzi imveliso.

ukutshintsha kwemozulu ziza kukuchaphazela njani na abantu bomthonyama le Arctic?

northerners Millennium ezifunekayo ukumelana neemeko ezinzima. Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba abahlali balapha baye ngokuphindaphindiweyo namava kufudumala, pholisa le kwemozulu. Kodwa ke sikwazi ukudlula kukhubazeko sivumelane ezinjalo zendalo. Izizwe yeminyaka ezihambe kwezibonelelo izicwangciso zendalo kunye neendlela likhoboka. Ezi ziquka:

1. uncedo ngokuzidela ukuze abasweleyo. izizwe ezingabamelwane bancedane kwiimeko ezinzima.
2. Ukuhamba. abantu bomthonyama Arctic nga ngokukhawuleza iya ku kwenye indawo xa kuyimfuneko. Kucingwa indlela engundoqo sivumelane bakule kwemozulu.
3. Ukufunda iindlela ezintsha zendalo. Umzekelo, abahlali Chukotka ekugqibeleni bafunda ukuba zikhule njani iitapile kunye nokuphakamisa amahashe.

Ukuze ukuhlala kwindawo oqatha ngolu hlobo akukho lula. Noko ke, northerners benza umsebenzi oncomekayo lo msebenzi. Kakade ke, iqabaka eyomeleleyo, ebusuku polar, imvula badla ukuphazamisana nokusebenza zakhiwo mveliso, umsebenzi iinkampani ezininzi ngeli xesha lunqunyanyisiwe. Kodwa ke oko ndikwenza ukuze kwingingqi ekuphuhliseni ukufumana iindlela ezintsha zophuhliso yokusingqongileyo.