Metropolitan - Metropolitan kuwo ... zeCawa Russian

Metropolitan - umiselwa kwirenki ephakamileyo kwibandla lamaKristu. Sisihlandlo sokuqala esemthethweni isihloko ezibhalwe amaxwebhu I zeformula Council, eyayibanjelwe eNicaea ngo-325. Kwathiwa yayalela indawo yakhe kwiqela elinegunya.

Le zabefundisi

In uBukhosi baseRoma, isixeko iphambili kwiphondo ekuthiwa Metropolitan. Ubhishophu, ukuba isebe, oko kukuthi indawo yakhe kwi-Archdiocese ekuthiwa Metropolitan.

Metropolitan - ke isihloko iphezulu Bishop. Umveleli (asuphavayize, nadsmatrivayuschy) nayo unezinga ububingeleli ephakamileyo yesithathu emva Deacon nomdala (aka sombingeleli, aka Fr). Ngoko ke, i-Priste idla ngokuba ubhishophu. "Arch" - isiqwenga kwabavela ulwimi Greek kwaye isebenza ubonise elikwisikhundla esiphezulu yobufundisi. Oobhishophu le dioceses ilawulwa kwaye sithobele Metropolitan. Ukuba yosisi wawumkhulu, nabaveleli okanye ngabaveleli bawo, ukuba uyilawule, nabizelwa ooBhishophu. I-Russian Church Orthodox esi sihloko kangaka ukuba nje emva Metropolitan.

umahluko zangaphandle

Ezi gaba yabefundisi khangela umnqwazi ezahlukeneyo - tot. Bishops anxiba abamnyama, abakhulu - Black kunye umnqamlezo eyenziwe amatye anqabileyo amatye, kwaye Metropolitans anxibe neenkontsho amhlophe emnqamlezweni efanayo. Ahluke, neyokwaleka. Ngoko ke, nabaveleli abakhulu ezi purple okanye emnyama obomvu, Metropolitan - aluhlaza, uMphathi uvethe ingubo yokwaleka eluhlaza. In leNzila yonke episcopate imiwunduzo emnyama. Metropolitan - le ngesiqu. Isabelo Isihloko hlobo uhlobo umvuzo, enjalo, unika iinkonzo zakhe. I- Orthodox Church Russian Sanov abakhulu kunye metropolitans ehlonitshwa oobhishophu ukuba ngumbandela buqu phambi kwebandla. Bona imvume kunye ixesha elide.

Enye yamandulo kakhulu

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Metropolitan - isihloko mdala ebandleni lamaKristu. Abanye abaphandi eCawa bakholelwa ukuba metropolitans babe ngabapostile, abanye ziquka ukuvela yale kolawulo ukuya kwinkulungwane II, xa kukho imfuneko lonke igunya ecaweni. Ngomnyaka 325 no 341 kwiBhunga of Bishops ye san yayimiliselwe ngokupheleleyo nje. amagunya ababhaliselwe, nto leyo kakhulu anda umthamo. Yonke into ngokomthetho kwaye kulawulwa, akufuneki ukuba ibe ngaphezu esingenakubangela naliphi na imbambano. Cathedral of Toledo, ebanjwe 589, ngakumbi kwandiswa umthetho lwenqila - ngoku uza kubohlwaya nabaveleli phantsi. Ngokubanzi, imfundiso lamaKristu kwakheka kwi Councils IV - kwiinkulungwane VIII. Iminyaka elandelayo akazange enze naluphi na utshintsho olubalulekileyo.

eyokuqala

Rus wabhaptizwa ekupheleni X kwenkulungwane, xa Prince Vladimir Enkulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithi kunyaka 988, kodwa abanye ababhali kunye 991. Kwakhona, akukho iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo Metropolitan wokuqala Kiev. Kodwa ukususela ngenkulungwane XVI, loo nto ixela ukuba uMikayeli. Kwakhona igama umSiriya, ngokuba yobuhlanga okanye isiGrike, okanye waseSiriya.

Kukholelwa ukuba i-Metropolitan Michael neemonki, owafika naye, igolide-angqukuva yoonongendi Michael kunye Kyïv Mezhegorsky kwakhiwa. Ubuntshatsheli andibaweli Metropolitan Leonty, eminye imithombo bathi ukuba Metropolitan wakhe wokuqala komhla olufanayo iBhodi - iminyaka 992-1008. Ngelo xesha kweza uTheophylact, UYohane mna, Feopemt, KIRILL I yamaGrike. Umhla lebhodi ngamnye kubo engozini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba bonke bephela ningabasemzini.

Russian kuqala

Kwaye kuphela ngokwamkela le ahlohla 1051 yaye walawula ibandla de 1054, Metropolitan Hilarion (Rusin) kwaba compatriot. Wafa malunga 1088. Ibandla, wayiqhubela ngexesha Yaroslava Mudrogo. Azukiswe njengengcwele - eCaweni Orthodox yeyona ingcwele bezikhundla Episcopal. Nguye ke umbhali wencwadi ethi "iLizwi uMthetho noGrace," wabhala 1030-1050, ngokulandelelana. Ukongeza, wabhala wathi: "Xikhongelo", "Confession of Faith".

Metropolitan Hilarion kwakhona wabhala indumiso Yaroslav Wesilumko. iinkcukacha ezincinane kakhulu malunga nobomi Hilarion, kodwa "I Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" libonisa ukuba ulwakhiwo Kiev-Pechersk Lavra yaqala ngo 1051, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lolawulo Hilarion. Xa Novgorod II Chronicle ithi ukuba ngowe-1054 i-Metropolitan of Kiev waba lakwaEfrayim. Oku kubonisa ukuba ngoko nangoko emva kokufa kwakhe ngowe-1054 ngu Yaroslav Mudrogo Illarion isusiwe.

Saint kunye ummangaliso ngumsebenzi

unendima ebalulekileyo kakhulu kwimbali yeCawa Orthodox Russian yaba Metropolitan Alexy. Nguye lo ongcwele umxhasi abadumile eMoscow ezimbini All Russia, looSolusapho - Alexis I (Sergey Vladimirovich Simansky, uMphathi ukususela 1945 ukuya ku-1970), kunye Alexy II (Aleksey Mihaylovich Ridiger, uMphathi ukususela 1990 ukuya ku 2008).

Ndiphuma kusapho boyar, unyana Fodora Byakonta, umseki iintsapho ezininzi amanene ezifana Pleshcheev kunye Ignatiev. Zonke Russia wemimangaliso kunye ongcwele eMoscow (lamiselwa engama-50 emva kokufa kwakhe), Metropolitan Alexy ekudleni kwakhe ubomi baphumelele kakhulu njenge laseburhulumenteni kunye uzowenza ngokungangqalanga. Naye zaqwalaselwa Duchy of Lithuania kunye mkhosi mkhulu kunene, lowo awabonana, nobubele omnye - UAlexis Hanshi Taydulu wamphilisa ngenxa yezifo amehlo. Ukususela 1354 waqeshwa kwisikhundla kasolusapho waseConstantinople, Metropolitan of Kyïv kunye All Rus Elevferiy Fodorovich Byakont (ehlabathini) kwaba kule entsimini de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1378. Waseka godlo eziliqela, kuquka Chudov woonongendi kwi yesicelo. I yesicelo ngokwayo xa waqala ukwakha phezulu ilitye. Ngaphandle isigodlo, waseka Spaso-kuAndroniko, Simonov, Vvedensky Episcopal kunye Serpukhov nezigodlo. Wabhala imisebenzi ezininzi zonqulo. Izinto ezingcwele ezingcwele umsebenzi wamandla 1947 batshintshelwa Bloch Epiphany Cathedral e Moscow, apho kulala unanamhla.

Metropolitan-bakubo

Ukususela nomzuzu Ubhaptizo Russia kunye ngenkulungwane XIV ukuba, elo lizwe yaba Metropolitan mnye, intloko oko ndikumiselweyo eConstantinople. Kakade ke, amaxesha amaninzi kuthunyelwa metropolitans zange Russian. Abathetheli ungathanda ukubona kule post bakhaya, kuba ngaphambili, ngowe- 1589, iye yaziswa eRashiya sokuba ngubhishophu, metropolitans wema intloko zabefundisi, kwaye kuxhomekeka phezu kwabo. Intloko yokuqala Russian yebandla Kiev waba Clement (Smolyatich, ebudeni bolawulo 1147-1156). Emva koko kwi-ofisi nabo amaGrike, nokuba Bulgarians. Kodwa ekubeni ebukumkanini uTheodosius (1461-1464), waqalisa ixesha ecaweni ngokupheleleyo yesizwe autocephaly entlokweni yayo ekwakukho kuyo Metropolitans uninzi Russian, ngubani ukususela ngelo xesha yaziwa ngokuba "eMoscow All Russia."

A inkokeli yenkonzo nakumaGrikekazi umbhali yashiya ilifa ebalulekileyo zoncwadi, uTheodosius (Byvaltsev) laziwa ngokuba le Moscow Metropolitan wabamisela kuqala prince Russian hayi uMphathi waseConstantinople. Le elifomatiweyo iphezulu ibandla Russian Church Orthodox - Metropolitan of Moscow, phambi kokuba imvume ngubhishophu ukususela wokulawula uTheodosius nangoku enxibe Philip mna Gerontius, Zosima noSimon. Kwaye ke oko bawongwa Barlaam noDaniyeli, uYosefu Macarius, Athanasius kunye uPhilip II, KIRILL, Antony kunye anoDiyonisiyo. Moscow Metropolitan uYobhi sele kwaye uMphathi lokuqala.