Imimangaliso Monastery. Chudov isigodlo kwi yesicelo: imbali

Abaninzi kwabo baye kuhambo kwi yesicelo, mhlawumbi, Aniqondi na ukuba namhlanje indawo wembali wayenokukhangela ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Inyaniso kukuba kule ndawo ezinye iitempile ezinkulu yaye zatshatyalaliswa iicawa, kuquka Voznesensky kunye Chudov Monastery, Cathedral koMsindisi kwi Janai kunye nezinye zesikhumbuzo zembali.

Imbali ibandla

Chudov isigodlo kwi yesicelo waqalisa ukuyakha Metropolitan of Moskovskiy Aleksy. Kuba sele ukhethe indawo wenkundla owayesakuba Khan kaThixo. Nangona oonozakuzaku bahlala apho. Beza eMoscow unikelo. Le ndawo lanikwa ukubonga ngento Alexis wamphilisa kumfazi ukungaboni Janibek - Taydulu. Metropolitan ngokobuqu waya anayo ukunceda lo mfazi.

Ekuqaleni, ibandla lakhiwa Arhistratiga Mihaila. Yasungulwa ngo-1365. Le yenye omdala amabandla eMoscow.

Imimangaliso isigodlo kamva yabizwa ngokuba Lavra Omkhulu (ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII), xa uBhishophu Filaret.

Ngowe-1771 eMoscow kwaqhambuka ezizenzekelayo isibetho uqhushululu, ngexesha apho weemonki kwaba nobudlova mercilessly abemi.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Russian-French ngo-1812 Chudov kumzi woonongendi, iifoto apho ubona kweli nqaku, eyayihlala isiFrentshi. Apha ke ikomkhulu yomkhosi uNapoleon. Isibingelelo weemonki yaba lokulala engaphuhliswanga enhle Marshal Davoust. Le tempile wangcwatyelwa umseki wayo - Metropolitan Alexy. ezingcwele bakhe bagcinwa kwi yecawa de 1686. kamva batshintshelwa Church of the Holy Metropolitan Alexy.

Bona balakha itempile ngo-1814. Igalelo zibalulekileyo kulo wenza wezakhiwo M. Bykovsky. Ngenxa yemigudu yakhe ebandleni Cathedral ye woonongendi wabonakala iconostasis yobhedu ezinkulu iingcango yasebukhosini eyenziwe ngesiliva.

Indima woonongendi kwimbali Russian

Chudov isigodlo kule yesicelo iminyaka emininzi adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali Russian. Ngowe-1382 imikhosi yakhe yahlasela Tokhtamysh. Ngowe-1441 wazidla, apho Moscow Metropolitan Isidore, kutshanje ibuyile uFlorence Cathedral. Abameli Russian Church Orthodox ekhokelwa yi Isidore asayina isivumelwano kusungulo manyano eRashiya. E Moscow, isigqibo siya bungayelelani. Isidore wazidla, kwaye entolongweni eMonastri.

Ngowe-1504, kwi Chudov Monastery wayevalelwe entolongweni umlweli ebalaseleyo nxamnye qhekeko - Novgorod Metropolitan Gerontius. Bebonke isiphelo sinye Wawafumana nomdala Bassion. Ngowe-1610 Tsar Vasily IV wazidla, yaye woonongendi yena ngenkani tonsured yimonki. Kwaye kwiseli woonongendi bebulawa kwiminyaka emibini kamva uMphathi noHermogene. Akekho owaziyo ukuba ukuhlupheka wambona Imimangaliso Monastery. Umthandazo Arhangelu Mihailu badla bayiphosa ilothe phantsi neengqameko zalo.

Indima woonongendi kwezemfundo

isigodlo imimangaliso wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lwemfundo of Russia. Ababini oosolusapho bakhe Archimandrite UAdrian kunye Joakim, zinyulwe. Hierodeacon uTimoti waba kubheke yonke imibhiyozo ibandla ukuthatha indawo eMoscow. Oku kwenzeka ebudeni bolawulo uPetros I. Xa ngo-1737 eDayosisi kwabuyiselwa endlwini Ummangaliso waphila imisebenzi yayo uSihlalo womNyhadala oyi-hierarchs eMoscow.

Apha wasebenza Epiphany Slavinetsky - ivela Kiev Academy. Ngowe-1658 yena kudluliselwa uMphathi u "ncwadi dohturskuyu." Ndimele bathi ngaloo mihla, uncwadi lonyango iye kunqabile kakhulu, njengoko, eneneni, kwaye amayeza ngokwayo, apho sakhonza abantu abathile aphezulu kuphela. Ngokuba umsebenzi wakhe ufumene eninzi Epiphany ngexesha ibhaso - 10 engange. Ukongeza, kwasebenza okwethutyana, kunye Arseny Greek.

Ezemfundo woonongendi

Ngokwemveli kwi Chudov woonongendi yoqeqesho kunye nokhuselo impembelelo engendawo zezwe wanika abantwana izinduna '. Babehlala e woonongendi de elinesithandathu, waza wabuyela esibayeni. Ngokutsho ayephila, ngaloo mihla nayihlalayo ngakumbi ngathi kwisikolo begazi kunokuba eMonastri.

Apha babephila ixesha elide Carion Istomin - Ukukhanya I evela Ukraine. Ngowe-1662 wadala ABC, esalinikwayo kamva the Queen Natale Kirillovne lokufunda nomzukulwana wakhe - Prince Alexei.

Le abenzi bemilingo kwetempile

Kukholelwa ukuba incopho Imimangaliso eMonastri yayo iye yafika ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII. Emva koko ke ngokuba Lavra Omkhulu. Ngeli xesha, exhaswa uBhishophu Filaret apha kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba abafundi yayo yokuqala isiGrike-Latin Academy. Xa sacristy le weemonki bayenza iminikelo kakhulu exabisekileyo tsars Russian, izinduna neenkosana enkulu. Kwakukho ilayibrari enkulu kunye iisampuli nanto iincwadi zamandulo. Yaba enye zotyalo kakhulu Russian.

Woonongendi waba iitempile ezine. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI (1501 g) kwisiza se-yamandulo, kodwa dismantle yi ngexesha itempile lwakwakhiwa Cathedral Arhangela Mihaila. ibandla Alekseevskaya ilitye wavela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV. Wamtshisa izihlandlo ezimbalwa, avuselela izihlandlo eziliqela. Kodwa ke phezu kwalo, apho kangangeenkulungwane wabhaptizwa abantwana basebukhosini. Kwakukho abantwana bebhaptizwa Ivan labangcangcazelisi, Alexis - ukumkani elizayo, uPetros mna, kunye noMlawuli Alexander II. Xikolo iindonga ibandla kwezixhobo wathimba omkhosi Russian echaziweyo iimfazwe imfazwe Russian-Persian ka-1816.

Church of the Annunciation Church abenaso Alexis. Yakhiwa 1501 kwaye kwakhona ngo-1826. Kweli bandla yena iziqu yi amawaka amarhamente Nikolaya Chudotvortsa icon.

Kodwa isonto amancinci ubungakanani yakhiwa imbeko eSt Andrew ekwakuphila.

Temple kwi leSoviet

Ngowe-1917 icawa eyonakeleyo. NguRhulumente Soviet Republic bafuduka Petrograd ukuya yesicelo. Kuba ixesha elithile lendela waqhubeka ehlala woonongendi, kodwa kule ndawo bakucaphukisa abasemagunyeni abatsha.

Ngowe-1919 ibandla yavalwa. Ekuqaleni, kwakukho zabekwa "wamaKomanisi 'lwentsebenziswano waza wenza enegumbi-ukufunda. kamva yadluliselwa Lechsanupra, apho uxanduva impilo amalungu Soviet kaRhulumente kunye nezinye izidwangube. Ngowe-1929, i-Imimangaliso kunye Ascension Monastery batshatyalaliswe. Oku kwenzeka ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zesikolo abathetheli Red Army. Le projekthi wokwakha waphuhliswa ngumzobi Rerberg.

I Enkulu Cathedral wabandezeleka esele St. Alexis. Ngowe-1947, xa isicelo Alexis I, baye bathunyelwa Cathedral Bloch, apho ubuxoki namhlanje. Le icon kakhulu onexabiso bafudukela yesicelo Izikrweqe kunye Tretyakov Gallery.

amabandla Church and yesicelo yatshatyalaliswa ngenkulungwane XX

Ngelishwa, kwinkulungwane XX kwi yesicelo lachithwa iicawa 17 ukuba zesikhumbuzo ezikhethekileyo zembali. imephu yamandulo yesicelo eMoscow kunye infographics kuvumela ukuba abone ukuba kule ndawo, ngaphandle ukwenyuka kunye Ummangaliso Monastery, iCawa uConstantine kwi umqukumbelo, icawe Annunciation, Cathedral of the Kumbi, ilitye lesikhumbuzo eyothusayo ukuya Alexander II kunye nabanye.

Imimangaliso ukubuyisela woonongendi ... Ingaba kunokwenzeka?

Kutshanje, kwavakala ukuba Russian uMongameli V. V. Putin wayalela ngokubuyiselwa Voznesensky kunye Chudov nezigodlo.

Umsebenzi wokwakha iya kuqalisa emva pre-yokwemba. Namhlanje uhlobo Ivanovo (owayekade Imperial) indawo kubonakala kakhulu eziqhelekileyo. Kubonakala Iyamangalisa ukuba xa wayebuya ezahlukeneyo. Kuphela iifoto kwinkulungwane XIX kunye yesicelo eMoscow kwimaphu ukunika ufifi yonke obutofotofo kunye grand ngayo. Xa isayithi ye woonongendi yangaphambili ngoku isakhiwo ingathi yimimangaliso besakhiwo 14th abangabancedani, nto leyo eye emininzi iminyaka ukulungisa.

Imephu yesicelo e Moscow, ukuba iwise umzobo yoonongendi kutshatyalaliswa kuyo (Chudov kunye Ascension), ibonisa ngokucacileyo indlela isithuba eninzi nekuhlala kwiitempile kutshatyalaliswa. Ukongeza kummandla apho ngoku likwaneklinkhi 14 lweSizwe, zarhwebisana ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kummandla Ivanovo (phantse kwi Tsar Cannon).

iprojekthi enkulu-isikali

Iingcali ze-mbali aphefumlelweyo yi nethemba yomsebenzi elizayo. Iimali Tretyakov Gallery wasinda esekelwe ezisixhenxe kuphela Chudov weemonki, abambalwa kwezinye iimyuziyam. Ekhohlo, kunye nemizobo enenkcukacha kwezi zakhiwo. Iifolda azifani, alondolozwe ngokungummangaliso maholo imizobo umhlolokazi sesayensi wanika Museum of Architecture. Umyeni wakhe wazama mzobo enenkcukacha kwaye umlinganiselo iinkcukacha nezigodlo. Ngokutsho nabasebenzi Museum of Architecture, kwezi imizobo ne imizobo kunokwenzeka ukubuyisela ukuba yonke lomculo woonongendi, engundoqo ukwakha kwabo uqinisekise.

I yesicelo namhlanje eye yabuyisela iiholo yamandulo le yesicelo Palace, ukusungulwa edume Red eseVerandeni. Kodwa ekubuyisweni iilahleko ezinkulu kwenkulungwane XX kutshanje izazinzulu mbali ayikwazanga nokuphupha ngayo.

Kuba uyilo, ukugrumba, ukwakhiwa kungathatha iminyaka emininzi. Kodwa ayikho ingongoma. Kubalulekile ukuba ekupheleni ebusweni yesicelo lizakubuyiselwa.