Konstantinov cross: Ixabiso photo

Nawuphi na isiko lenkolo sizalwa awayo zeesimboli zokomoya. Bangakwazi zombini ukudlala indima iilogo lophawu, nihle ingqiqo enzulu sacral-mysterial. Ngaba Akukho ongasetyenziswayo kuyo lo mgaqo kunye ubuKristu. Ngokuba yonke imizwa yakhe (in the current Orthodox) kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo nemifuziselo esoteric kwaye liqulunqe abalinganiswa zabo, maxa wambi Beje kunye multi-amaninzi. Omnye wabo miqondiso, ezizezi ebizwa ngokuba umnqamlezo loMlawuli uConstantine, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku.

Ilivo ngemvelaphi zomnqamlezo Constantine

Ngokwenene, uphawu - kungekhona umnqamlezo. It ngokufanelekileyo kubizwa monogram - uphawu kuyilwa yeeleta ezininzi, ukubonisa umfanekiso umlinganiswa othile imfundiso zonqulo - uYesu Kristu. Ngokutsho isiko lamaKristu, umnqamlezo Konstantinov wadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali kwebandla. Xa amandla kunye nokubaluleka oko yesibini kuphela emnqamlezweni njengesiqhelo.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukuba amaKristu? Impendulo yalo mbuzo unikwa yi ilivo ulandelayo: ekuqaleni kwexesha lamaKristu, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesine, uBukhosi baseRoma kwabakho ungquzulwano phakathi kwamagosa amabini karhulumente - Maxentius kunye uConstantine. ingxabano yoko kwabakho ukulwa eyaziwa ngokuba Battle of the Milvian Bridge (kunyaka 312). Ngomhla olwandulela edabini uConstantine "ngale ukoyiswa mqondiso" wabonakala esibhakabhakeni isimboli ethile, ilandelwe yi-magama. Ngenxa yeempembelelo yi isenzeko emangalisayo, Constantine wayalela ukuba lokuyivelisa uphawu kumakhaka amajoni, uze uyibeke phezu labarum - ibhanile imfazwe lombuso.

Enyanisweni, iphumelele loyiso ukudilika edabini, uConstantine wenza umqondiso njengesiseko kushicilelo kunye luphawu karhulumente. Ngaloo yafunda ukholo ngaphakathi zamaKristu. Nangona ixesha elide wahlala ongabhaptizwanga, ukusebenzisa igunya lakhe, uya kuyeka ngonaphakade intshutshiso bentshontsho amaKristu uBukhosi baseRoma. Le cross Konstantinov ke hristogrammoy langoku, lisetyenziswa amabandla. elinye igama layo - chrism.

Oku kubonisa ilivo leyinene zembali okanye hayi, kodwa kwenza kucace ukuba kutheni amaKristu ukuze yamonga ukuze siqonde lo mqondiso. Wazijika indlela yembali, ngokuzoba noMlawuli - yeyona nto umbingeleli zobuhedeni - ecaleni amaKristu, kunye isiphumo ukuba ihlelo encinane abalandeli bakaYesu waqala intshukumo zonqulo ezininzi ehlabathini.

Eyokuqala hristogrammy ikhankanya

Le yokuqala eyaziwayo ukuba umthombo umhla lolwazi, elibhekisela kuyo emnqamlezweni Konstantina Velikogo - kusebenza mbali ibandla Lactantius (kunyaka-320). It izalana uguqulelo ngasentla zeziganeko kongezwe ukuba isenzeko sakhatshwa ilizwi laziwayo Umbhalo Greek Latin.

Enye mbali Church, nangaphandle, yaye umbhali lobuqu Constantine - Eusebius, Bishop of Neo-eKesareya, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, ingxelo iinguqulelo ezimbini imvelaphi hristogrammy. Ngokutsho ngaphambili, kwaba elizayo koMlawuli elide phambi 312, xa eGaul. Noko ke, kamva abashiye oluguqulelo, subordinating inkcazelo yakhe uluvo eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, yena, ebhekisela kwingxelo yabucala yomlomo umlawuli ngokwakhe, wathi elo uphawu kwelanga yathatha kunye kunye uKonstantin intlekisa wabukela wonke umkhosi amadoda amane amawaka.

Umthombo wesithathu nje ubungqina elinye amajoni abo bathabatha inxaxheba kweli dabi kwebhulorho kunye Mulviyskogo ngawenu ndaqaphela kwi Konstantinov ukuwela esibhakabhakeni. igama lakhe - Artemije kunye ibali bakhe ejoliswe ukubhentsiswa umlawuli Yuliana Otstupnika, owathi, njengoko yaziwa, bamlahla ubuKristu, wagqiba ukuvuselela amaziko neyobuhedeni uBukhosi baseRoma. Baya Artemije waza wabulawa.

Origin hristogrammy

uphando yeMbali lubonisa ukuba chrism na imvelaphi pre-abangamaKristu kusenokwenzeka ukuba sele abolekwe kwaye naphaya ziinkokeli zecawa ngenxa yezizathu ezibini:

1. Ngenxa yokuba amaKristu aye kudala lwapheliswa uswazi, kwanyanzeleka ukuba Baqukene, sebenzisa eziqhelekileyo iimpawu zobuhedeni, kuzale umxholo wayo. Ngendlela efanayo phakathi amaKristu umfanekiso kakhulu eyahlekileyo ye Orpheus, onguHelios nabanye oothixo. A Konstantinov bawela ngqo - loo nto kusenokwenzeka apha naphaya solar uphawu yamandulo amaKaledi.

2. Igama lesiGrike eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "Chrestos", elithetha "mkhulu kangaka", nazo ukumelwa ngokwegrafu yi oonobumba ezimbini zokuqala. Ngenxa yale umlinganiswa ngokulula ubuKristu kwi kwizangqa kwabalandeli bakaYesu, ngubani wamnika intsingiselo "* uKrestu."

Phofu ke, nokuba amaxesha dokonstantinovskie kukho iintlobo ezininzi Monograms abangamaKristu pre-imifanekiso yabo yobuhedeni.

Distribution of chrism

Phambi hristogramma waziwa ngokuba umnqamlezo Saint Constantine, oko isetyenziswe ikakhulu endle ebandleni lamaKristu. Le mizekelo zindala kuyo zifumaneka mangcwaba - amangcwaba komhlaba, ezo amalungu ebandla yayisetyenziswa njengendawo intlanganiso kunye nabaphathiswa. iisimboli ezifanayo wasikhupha ezikhumbuzo lengcwaba namaKristu sarcophagi.

Emva kokuba semthethweni sinalento waqalisa ukusetyenziswa ibe ngumqondiso yonqulo etempileni elisanda kwakhiwa. Kwelinye icala, waba elementi yomhombiso kunye yomhombiso - bona nezitya ehonjisiweyo, izibane, iibhokisi izacholo kunye nezinye izinto zecawa. Kwizangqa yehlabathi, njengokuba kuthiwe, hristogramma yaba itywina karhulumente of Constantine ngokwakhe kunye nabanye ezihlangwini zakhe, ngokunjalo phawu ngokusesikweni Labarum wamajoni, ngokubuyisela indawo yemveli okhozi baseRoma.

monogram ιχ

Ukongeza, hristogramma, ezifanayo kwileta Russian "F", lalisetyenziswa ezicaweni zamaKristu sele kwinkulungwane III, kudala ngaphambi ukulawula of Constantine ukuya etroneni. Kwakungekho ρ ileta (rho) - kunokuba ukuba ι (umthambo), gama elo elithetha "Yesu". Kuyakwazeka ukuba le leta kamva wafumana esasifuzisela lamadlelo (okt Episcopal phakathi kwamaKristu) Intonga - abasebenzi kunye isiphelo, ephothiweyo. Yaba nguye lowo kamva wazihlanganisa incwadi p.

monogram χρ

Olu luguqulelo oluphambi umlinganiswa ophambili kunye, ukuba ndithe ndithi ke, kwibandla eziphefumlelweyo zamaKristu. Ukuba kuthiwa "Cross of Constantine." Amafoto thaca esingezantsi.

Ngomhla Intsingiselo chrism

amaqela ezahlukeneyo emimoya, ezifana phakathi Orthodox, phakathi kwezinye izinto, bagxininisa kwintsingiselo engaphakathi oonobumba zamaGrike. Nkqu iTestamente Entsha iqulethe athetha ngokungqalileyo ukuya gematria - indlela yokukhangela intsingiselo efihliweyo ngokusebenzisa ukubala ngamanani bahambelana oonobumba amagama kunye namagama. Ngendlela efanayo umntu bangahlaziya Constantine cross.

Esithetha encamathele apho oonobumba bokuqala ezimbini elithi "Kristu". Isixa lwamaxabiso kwenani kanye 700 aye adlala phezulu ngendlela ekhethekileyo zakwalizwi ezintsonkothileyo Gnostic. Ngoko, kwi yamandulo, kodwa kancinane-eyaziwa namhlanje, isithethe inombolo 700 imi-ntonye kaKristu. Ke ukuba, umzekelo, cinga oonobumba ngamnye hristogrammy, siye sifumane ezi zilandelayo: χ (chi) - macrocosm kuthetha, wokuhlangana iphela. Ixabiso wokwamanani - 100. A ι (umthambo), ngokuchaseneyo, imela a sekuba. ixabiso layo - 10. Ngoko ke, kukho uphawu olubonakalayo lwe umanyano sekuba kunye macrocosm - Uqhakamshelwano isabelo kunye liphela, ezincinane kakhulu. Kwimeko apho chrism uguqulelo kamva apho ι indawo yi ρ, indalo uphawu kuthetha kaThixo (oonobumba ngenxa ρ semantics). Athwala ixabiso imikhosi ezinobuchule komyalelo yehlabathi, amandla nemazi okuzala.

ngabo Related

Lidla ngokusetyenziswa kunye chrism iincwadi ezimbini-alfabhethi Greek - α (alpha) kunye ω (omega), nto leyo ke oonobumba yokuqala neyokugqibela oonobumba yamaGrike, kwaye ubonise ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwehlabathi, ngokunjalo zonke umongo walo nangobunto zifakwe kwi oonobumba esiphakathi. Ekuqaleni kwale efuziselayo kubuKristu wamnika iBhayibhile, kodwa kunoko incwadi yeSityhilelo, apho amagama "Mna ndinguAlfa no-Omega," kubeka emlonyeni kaYesu Kristu.