Amaxesha Modern: inkcazelo emfutshane

Ukuqala namhlanje uvela-20 leminyaka th. Eli xesha, ngokutsho mbali ezininzi, yenye kunawo.

ulwazi jikelele

Kumazwe amaninzi, ingxenye iye yaba uhlobo senguquko. Imbali mihla ibhalwe ngu yokulwela inkululeko yesizwe kunye revolution kwezentlalo, ukuvela ithi ezintsha ukususela ekuweni emphaya lwamathanga. Ukongeza, kweli xesha yapasisa inkqubo entsonkothileyo eziguquguqukayo zomthetho karhulumente inkqubo loluntu. lorhulumente wenkqubo yobuSoshali zavela kwamanye amazwe. Ababhali-mbali kwesi ngekhulu nengcwangu eliphawulwe ngayo, abahlali bendawo abaninzi iimfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi. Phakathi kumazwe hlabathi amaninzi ixesha elide igcine umntu angabacingeli abanye ethile komyalelo ezahlukeneyo: yobuhlanga, ezenkolo, nemibono. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala non-efanayo kuphuhliso lwezentlalo, lwezoqoqosho kunye nembali karhulumente. Ikakhulukazi babonakala ngokucacileyo babo phakathi kwamazwe yongxowankulu kunye inkampu yali. Kumaxesha kutshanje siye endiyibumbileyo, ngokuyinxenye ezigcinwe nanamhlanje iiyunithi yamajoni lakhelwe meko ngamazwe. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe aphuhlileyo ngokwezoqoqosho kwaye bangaphambili ithi abaxhomekeke kunye yamakoloniyali luphawulwa njengoko acute kunye exutyiweyo ngokwaneleyo.

Ukuphuhliswa yamazwe namhlanje

Nangona ezinye nkene yobudlelwane bezizwe, kwakukho kukuhlangana elithile lwamazwe ngama kwinqanaba elifanayo uphuhliso lwezopolitiko noqoqosho. Yi Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20 kwaphawula ukudityaniswa zoluntu kwimimandla yelo lizwe. Kulo mzekelo, i engenzekayo wahlasela phezulu yokunxulumana elizayo. Owona mzekelo iphawulekayo Ukuhlanganiswa loo migaqo kugqalwa kusekwe i-EU. inkqubo sezomthetho nezopolitiko iqela lamazwe ukuphembelela ezi nkqubo, benze utshintsho kubaluleke kakhulu yaye ngokufuthi impikiswano kakhulu. Uphuhliso yembali abaninzi kubo yayizele kwiimeko ezinzima, kukho uhlobo ngokugosogoso okanye ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka.

Eyona ndlela yophuhliso zamazwe

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwabonakala lonke ukhetho kunqandwa ngendlela yedemokhrasi ehlabathini. Kwakutheni ukuze kwenzeke oku? Ukuchonga iqela lezikhokelo ukwenzela uphuhliso ithi kule mihla. Periodization yenkqubo iquka la manyathelo alandelayo: nasekusungulweni zamazwe yedemokhrasi silinene, ukuyilwa kobume zentlalo, ukusekwa okwethutyana ulawulo (omnye weyona mizekelo engcono ulawulo lwamaNazi eJamani), ukusekwa lorhulumente wenkqubo yobuSoshali, yaye yahlukile kakhulu ukusuka amaNazi kwaye ukusuka lwentando yesininzi evulelekileyo.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwaphawula ukuzinikela womelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba nokulawulwa ngokwentando yesininzi. Emva koko liberalism ephezulu ayikwazanga kuphela classical kwifomu ukucombulula ezininzi iingxaki yokomoya, yokuziphatha, uqoqosho kunye nezentlalo.

iziphumo nokulawulwa ngokwentando

amazwe amaninzi aye ekugqibeleni wakwazi ukoyisa liberalism nangoku ebakumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu. Ngoko, ixesha yakutshanje yabalasela ukuqaliswa lufane jikelele, ukudalwa mthetho ukhusela amanye amalungelo zentlalo yabasebenzi bebonke. Xa inkqubo lwentando yesininzi evulelekileyo ulahlekelwa indima yalo ukukhusela kwaye hayi ukuba bangenele kubudlelwane kwezoqoqosho. Ngoku urhulumente na, ubuncinane ngokuyinxenye, aphazamise kobudlelane nezinto zabucala, umda kubo ngokuthanda umdla yesizwe ngokubanzi. Ziye zaphawula ukuphunyezwa chu mqathango nesicwangciso kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho. Ngenxa yazo zonke ezi nkqubo ikuphucule umiphi kanye zemali maleko eziphambili abemi.

EYurophu kule mihla siphila kuyo

Umnqweno uthi kuphuhliso negalelo yokunyusa isantya wobomi, ngokwaphula izithethe lixesha. Ngenkulungwane yama-20 inkqubela ngokukhawuleza izixhobo zokwakha ngenxa nokuhlengahlengiswa imizi. Oku kufunwa yi kushishino olukhula ngokukhawuleza, ukukhula yabemi. Uphuhliso Technical wenze ubomi ithi mihla yaseYurophu yahlukile kulo kwanoko zaphawula ezidlulileyo. kwimisebenzi yabantu ngakumbi ingqalelo ubunzima, kude vutianakanyi. Noko ke, ezinye iziganeko ezenzeka emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II eziqikelelwa ingacaci kakhulu. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, kwiMpuma Yurophu utshintsho, ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali, akuzange kudalwe iimfuno kumazwe abo okuzalwa, kwaye kwisithuba ephefumlelwe kumazwe eziphezulu angabamelwane. Noko ke, ehamba phezu nokulawulwa ngokwentando yokwenene yeKomiti Construction State waboniswa ukubonelela umgangatho eziyimfuneko ebomini kwabemi, ukhuselo yokwenene wamalungelo kunye neenkululeko zoluntu abantu.

isiphelo

Kumaxesha akutshanje ubunyani kwedemokhrasi ulawulo-melo lodongwe eRashiya, yonke emacaleni aso (zombini ezimbi nezilungileyo). Kulo mba, kwintshukumo mihla malunga nokulawulwa ngokwentando eyomelezile ekubekweni imfuneko yendlela ekhethekileyo amaziko karhulumente kunye esemthethweni. Xa oku akuvumelekanga ukukopa amava mechanical amazwe. Ngokuchasene yangasemva ukuphuhliswa kweNkcazelo kwenzeka ukuqondwa ebanzi imfuneko yokuba ukuqonda ezinzulu kwaye kuthathelwe ingqalelo imbali yesizwe, iziseko zomthetho kunye nezoqoqosho olukhawulelana neemfuno zabemi. Uvandlakanyo imbali sokumiswa ikuvumela ukuba ubone oko kufuneka kusala kwixa elidlulileyo, kwaye oko kufuneka ufunde nokuphuhlisa.