The Great Eyisilika Road - atha- wamandulo urhwebo

Xa imbali kukho iingxelo malunga nenani elikhulu kweendlela yamandulo kukhonza abantu. Kuba iindlela zembali baba imikhosi ezinkulu nezixeko ibekwe ecaleni iindlela abaye bahlaselwa (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha aba bahlaseli ngokwazo). Loxolo, indlela yamandulo wacofa ubomi inkcubeko, ezopolitiko kunye woqoqosho ithi ezahlukeneyo.

The Great Eyisilika Road ithathwa edume kakhulu kwaye kakhulu ehlabathini. Le ndlela yorhwebo baseka "ndisi", nto leyo wacofa Atlantic, Indian kunye Pacific Ocean. Oku "Umendo 'enkulu bawela Eurasia. Uhlobene kwiMeditera ukuya eMpuma Ekude.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Silk Road eninzi nje kuphela, okanye inkqubo iindlela zorhwebo. Wanga ibhulorho ebanzi yenkcubeko kunye noqoqosho phakathi imimandla ye-West kunye East, leyo idityaniswe abantu, ukuba sizabalazela intsebenziswano efanayo kunye nokuhlalisana ngoxolo. Umzekelo, i-Great Silk Road e Kazakhstan (ukuba uye empumalanga nasentshonalanga) waphuma Tashkent nge Turbat (Pass) e Isfidzhab (Sairam). igama leso sixeko lifikelele imihla yethu. Ngoko ke igama ilali kufuphi Shymkent, iziko kuzo iintsalela yokubonisela ephakathi. Esi sixeko kanye ingqalelo kwelinye lamaziko inkulu Silk Road. Ethengwe Isfidzhab ilaphu emhlophe, amakhoboka, intsimbi, ninamakrele neentonga nje, nezinye izixhobo, ubhedu.

Abaphengululi Modern bakholelwa ukuba Great Silk Road wabonakala ehlabathini BC ngenkulungwane yesi-2. e. Kulo mzekelo, igama ngokwalo yaziswa kakhulu kamva, ngenkulungwane ye-19. Igama elithi "Mkhulu Silk Road" bubonakala ukusetyenziswa lwenzululwazi emva ukubhala ngo-1877, Richthofen (le mbali German kunye mhambi) ukusebenza "China". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuya kule ngongoma indlela wabizwa iNdlela meridional Koloni. Nangona kunjalo, i yenzululwazi usebenzise ibinzana wangena, i Richthofen.

Ngokutsho kwembali, uMlawuli Wu Di of China wathuma umthunywa ngo-138 BC. e. ukuba bafune sizana kumzabalazo wokulwa izizwe silwe Hun elidlavula intsimi kumantla Chinese. Ambassador Chzhan Tsyan emva kokubuya uhambo ngokweenkcukacha waxelela ngotyelelo lwakhe Central Asia. WoMlawuli of China wasamkelayo ulwazi malunga iindlela zorhwebo lula. Baya ke baba olusisiseko Silk Road.

Kwimisebenzi yorhwebo nokutshintshiselana phakathi izixeko Asia Central, kunye nolwazi China eziqulathwe ikakhulu yeziKronike Chinese ukusuka kwi-1. BC. e. eminyaka 7-8. n. e. Le mithombo zokuqala ndithi malunga neminikelo donative mayibhekiswe kwibhotwe ombuso kummandla Central Asia.

Ekubeni behamba ekomelezeni ubudlelwane urhwebo phakathi China kunye nemizi Central Asia ngokuhamba kwexesha. ngonyaka ngamnye ukususela lenkundla wathabatha ngabahambi akukho ngaphantsi kwesihlanu entshona, ephelekwa amakhulu nabalindi. iimveliso metal kuthwalelwa, isilika. Banikana ukuba neekorale, amahashe, jade, ezahlukeneyo iimpahla Central Asia. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iimveliso China ziye ezifunwayo kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Unique amalaphu isilika baba ixabiso ePersi ngamazwe, nto leyo eya entshonalanga kwayo.

16 leminyaka uphawulwe athile buthathaka wobudlelwane zabasebenzi izixeko Central Asia, kunye neTshayina. Ikakhulu oku ngenxa yokuvulwa kweendlela yolwandle, ukwanda ningavisisani umphakathi wobukhosi, ingxabano Imilambo ezisixhenxe. Mbi njengoko ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe e Safavid Iran kunye namazwe Asia Sheibanids Central. Ngenxa yoko, ndaqalisa ukuhla kabukhali kurhwebo nendlwana.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 ingqalelo iYurophu azotywe ngayo Turkestan. Nangona Szolkowy Way iye yaba ilivo. Kuba okwesibini le ndlela yafunyanwa ngama ngengozi ngenxa yeemeko ezithile zezopolitiko.

Silk Road uphando zakudala kwaqala ngo-1900. Noko ke, emva kokuqhambuka kwesi sifundo zehlabathi samiswa.