Development kunye nokugqama Kievan Rus '

Kievan Rus - urhulumente inkulu eYurophu. Kuye kwasekwa kwinkulungwane 9 ngenxa uphuhliso lwangaphakathi zezizwe Slavic. Kievan Rus yadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimbali East Slavic izizwe. Kuyo ubukho ngurhulumente zazivelela uhlanga lwamandulo Russian, ezaba sisiseko yobuhlanga abantu 3 - Russian, Belarusian kunye Ukrainian. Le manyano nezizwe Slavic negalelo kuphuhliso loqoqosho, kwinkcubeko kunye amacandelo ezopolitiko. Kievan Rus wathatha indawo ephambili kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. nabo Vala ziye zasekwa kunye Czech Republic, Georgia, Poland, France, yoBukhosi baseByzantium, eNgilani.

Le abenzi bemilingo of Kievan Rus '

Kwithuba elide luphawulwa ukuqhekezwa karhulumente eYurophu inkulu. Abathetheli ayikwazanga efikelele kwisivumelwano ekusombululeni iingxaki elula.

Le abenzi bemilingo of Kievan Rus 'ubukhulu becala ezinxulumene lwenkolo okuye Prince Vladimir. Waqonda ukuba ubuhedeni ayikho izinto karhulumente enamandla. Ukukholelwa amandla endalo kwathetha ukunqula oothixo abaninzi. Kwaye Vladimir ligqibe ukubethelela amandla alo nge ubuKristu. Ngenxa yoko, yabemi Kievan Rus waqonda - ukuba uThixo mnye ezulwini, ukuba babe enye kuphela nokumkani - Vladimir. Yena bayamkela ukholo lwamaKristu. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, phantse bonke abantu sele ufumene ubhaptizo. Kunye nokwamkelwa ubuKristu, amandla yenene kuye komelezwa.

Le abenzi bemilingo of Kievan Rus kwaye waqhubeka ebudeni bolawulo Yaroslava Mudrogo. Naye eninzi ingqalelo yahlawulwa ekomelezeni kwisikhundla sokuba ubuKristu. Ukongezelela, inkcubeko kunye nemfundo bafikelele kwelona nqanaba liphezulu. Ngeli xesha, ukuba sele iguqulelwe iincwadi ezininzi ukusuka Greek zibe Old Russian. E Novgorod, esi sikolo yasekwa, apho abafundi ezilikhulu bafunda ukufunda nokubhala. E Kiev, ithala leencwadi yokuqala eRashiya samiselwa St. Nozipho Cathedral. Akubalulekanga nje uguqulelo le ncwadi, kodwa ukuba abhale imbali.

Le abenzi bemilingo of Kievan Rus 'waphawulwa uphuhliso lwezakhiwo nokupeyinta. It is a umzekelo oqaqambileyo St. Nozipho Cathedral. It has akukho savulwa e naliphi na ilizwe. Cathedral iyahluka ukusuka. Mu kuya kwa nshita obukhulu bobugcisa ixesha, Kiev Sofia ayikho eliphakamayo ngaphezu komhlaba. Womzobo fanele ukuba esekelwe ezibalulekileyo kunye ebhanyabhanya.

Umgaqo-nkqubo bezinye iintlanga Kievan Rus

Imisebenzi ephambili ejamelene iinkosana endala Russian baba:

- ukukhuselwa iindlela zorhwebo;

- kumzabalazo wokulwa mbuya emathafeni;

- ubuhlobo nokuqiniswa kunye uBukhosi baseByzantium.

Xa kusehla kuhlasela njalo, yosongo mbuya abathetheli Rus enqatyisiweyo umgca esemqoka. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi noVladimir imida enamandla kwasekwa kwimilambo efana Gums, Sula umtya. Kumgca yokhuselo yakhiwa inqaba, zokuzifaka apha.

Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-10, phakathi Byzantium kunye Kievan Rus 'ukulwa rhoqo. Ngeendlela ezininzi, ukuba ezinxulumene nomzabalazo iindlela zorhwebo, ukuncitshiswa sentlawulo abarhwebi afumane amandla. Kuphela ngo-1046, amazwe amabini ezinamandla aseYurophu baye bangena kwisivumelwano uxolo lokugqibela, leyo itywiniweyo kunye kumtshato Prince Yaroslav of Kiev kunye intombi baseByzantium loMlawuli Monomakh.

Abathetheli Russia yamandulo

Ngokutsho kwithiyori Norman, nokuxubana yamandulo de ngenkulungwane 9 babehlala izizwe ezincinane ngaphandle kolawulo oluyintloko. Emva koko ke bacelwa ukuba bakhwele iinkosana Varangian, leyo wabeka isiseko lokusekwa karhulumente yamandulo Russian. Ngeli xesha, Umhlaba uhlaselwa mbuya. Ngenxa yoko, omnye wakubathetheli Varangian (Ruric) ufile. Indawo Kiev prince Oleg anazo. Emva kokufa Oleg ukuba silawule uhulumeni Igor.

A indima enkulu kuphuhliso lwe Kievan Rus bobabo Vladimir. Akazange nje simanyene lonke ihlabathi, kodwa waba ngumKristu.

Akukho ndawo kangako kwimbali karhulumente yamandulo Russian eyabelwe Yaroslav Izazi. Xa Kievan Rus yafikelela bade: ukomeleza ubudlelwane kunye kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini, kwakukho idabi kwinkalo yenkcubeko.

Emva kokuba Duchy of Yaroslava Mudrogo kwetrone kwabatyhutyha Vladimir Monomakh, uze emva koko - ukuba Yuriyu Dolgorukomu.

Kakade ke, xa umlawuli Kievan Rus wafikelela imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yophuhliso, kodwa thina singenako ukuyiphika le nto ukuba phantsi Vladimir kunye Yaroslav urhulumente endala Russian zafikelela kwincopho yophuhliso lwayo.