I-United States kunye nehlabathi komnotho ka-1929

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala-1914-1918. Ekugqibeleni Soedinenney States babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo ephambili kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngelo xesha, njengoko ukutshatyalaliswa Europe wayimunca amanxeba abo, ayakhe uqoqosho, eMelika, nto leyo engazange ukuqhuba imisebenzi yombutho nommandla wayo, iye yaba umbolekisi lwehlabathi nomxhamli zemali. Konke oku kuboniswa kukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemveliso yoshishino, nokwandiswa kwenkunzi, ukwanda kwemveliso kumazwe angaphandle. Le meko zombini urhulumente kunye namashishini izangqa, kwaye kubemi elula waseUnited States wadala wenkohliso uthotho iimpahla na ukusebenzisa ngonaphakade.

Le miqondiso yokuqala lokufowuna kwintlekele yoqoqosho lwehlabathi 1929 wanika ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha 1929, xa kwakukho ukuwa kwizabelo overpriced kule khosi. Uphethwe amanye AmaMelika amabini anesihlanu ezigidi, lo okubuyela wathabatha neebhanki. Esi siganeko njengendawo yokuqala ye-Great Depression imisinga lonke ihlabathi.

Le komnotho womhlaba ka-1929 waba enyanisweni lunengxaki hormone, leyo, njengokuba sisazi, uye nokungazinzi koqoqosho ethile. Ngenxa yokuba imveliso ubunzima eemveliso ligqithisile imfuno, kwakukho ingxaki kumashishini amaninzi, nto leyo watsala lunengxaki yeebhanki ezinkulu nezincinane. Ukophulwa yenkqubo yendalo imithetho yezoqoqosho kukhokelele ilishwa kumazwe lonke, kodwa inkoliso yazo zonke nentlekele yehlabathi ka 1929 ukubetha eMelika. Wawa kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo lizwe, xa akazange nokuphupha wempumelelo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ehlabathini kwintlekele yoqoqosho ka-1929-1933, i impembelelo ebalulekileyo hayi nje kuqoqosho, kodwa ke ngcinga lonke uhlanga American. Komuntu, leyo wakhuthaza kangangeenkulungwane, ngoku kwanyanzeleka ukuba avume ukuba wonile. It lufuna ukungenelela karhulumente kwiziseko ishishini labucala, nto leyo eUnited States kude kube ngoku ayizange.

Xa pedantry zalo obstinacy uMongameli Hoover wayeqinisekile ngokupheleleyo ukuba lizwe uya ngokuzenzekelayo ephumayo ukusuka crisis - ukholo olomeleleyo njalo kwi US kuqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokudodobala wabonisa ukuba ayizuzayo kuphela kakhulu. Eli lizwe yaqala ugwayimbo kunye nemiboniso, iziko lamatyala yenziwe ngaphakathi, iibhanki inkxaso, urhwebo nezothutho, i-ofisi ekhethekileyo wadalelwa ukuba amafama. Onke amashishini ngowama inertia laqhubeka ukuxhasa imveliso, kodwa eneneni ingxaki yaba imfuno eliphantsi labemi for impahla eyenziweyo. Ngelishwa, umsebenzi kwezi ziseko ayikhange ibe yimpumelelo kakhulu, ukuba ngokukhawuleza wazise ilizwe ngaphandle lobunzima.

Le komnotho womhlaba ka-1929 lakhula. Cadence Herbert Hoover yafikelela esiphelweni. Lixesha lokuba utshintsho kunye nesenzo sobudoda. Kunyulo ka-1933 eUnited States laloyisa Democrat Franklin Roosevelt, ababambelela babizwa ngokuba "Senzele Entsha", ikakhulu ukutsala ilizwe ngaphandle ntlekele. Yaba kuphela umongameli othe wonyulelwa ngaphezu kabini kumqolo, wayiqhubela ilizwe maxesha anzima ukuze ihlabathi - ngexesha Depression kunye iMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Roosevelt wathabatha Melika azisalungiseki. Abemi uphulukene nokuzithemba kwi US lwemali, ugrogriso nokukhula yeengxaki zemali, ngenxa dollar endle ukulahlwa ngokuthenga igolide. Inani labantu abangaphangeliyo yingxelo high - malunga nezigidi elinesihlanu Awunayo nayiphi na inkxaso kwezentlalo.

Eyona umongo lekhosi Roosevelt - ngoncedo ngurhulumente kwezoqoqosho. Ngoku, le indawo ishishini ngaphandle amashishini kuphela, kodwa urhulumente ngokwayo, elisuke laba umlawuli omkhulu ubudlelwane phakathi koosomashishini, iibhanki, iimanyano zabasebenzi. Ngamanyathelo athathwayo, babeza othile azikho ezithandwayo phakathi kwabemi kunye noosomashishini, kodwa ngqongqo ngayo nezicatshulwa yalo mgaqo-nkqubo kuye kwakhokelela kutshintsho ezintle. Ngenxa yoko le "ikhondo omtsha 'zentlekele yoqoqosho lwehlabathi ka-1929 Yaqala siphumele, kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo ulawulo karhulumente kwaqhubeka de ekufeni kwakhe Roosevelt ngo-1945. Banikeza negalelo enamandla kweli lizwe ukuze bazamile yoqoqosho lwexesha elide, ngoko ke ngoku Melika isesikhundleni lokuqala kwimarike ehlabathini.