Umsebenzi lung. imiphunga Human: isakhiwo, umsebenzi

Logama nje umntu liphilile, oko ephefumlayo. Yintoni ukuphefumla? Le nkqubo, nto leyo rhoqo banikwe onke amalungu kunye nezihlunu mpilo kwaye kususa icarbon dioxide umzimba evela nokusebenza kwenkqubo lotshintshiselwano. Iqhuba ezi nkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, leyo anxibelelana ngqo kunye sentliziyo. Ukuze siqonde indlela exchange igesi kwenzeka emzimbeni womntu, kufuneka bafunde isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi emiphungeni.

Kutheni umntu ukuphefumla?

Indlela kuphela ukufumana ioksijini na ukuphefumla. ukulibaziseka Long akunakwenzeka, ekubeni umzimba kufuna enye kwibhetshi. Kutheni Kufuneka I ioksijini? Ngaphandle akuyi kuya kwenzeka ukutya, nokusebenza kwengqondo, kunye nazo zonke ezinye izigqeba. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwezondlo ioksijini uphuphu, kwiwebhsayithi amandla, yaye iseli ngalinye natyetyiswa ngabo. Umoya kuthiwa exchange igesi. Kwaye oku kuyinyaniso. Emva kokuba inkqubo buxoki ingakumbi nokuphefumla kwi yokuba emoyeni ebanjwe umzimba ukuya kuphuthuma oksijini carbon dioxide output.

Zeziphi imiphunga abantu

Nokwakheka kwabo kakhulu entsonkothileyo variable. Le umzimba kabini. indawo yayo - lweHo- esifubeni. Ukukhanya iqhotyoshelwe intliziyo kumacala omabini - ngasekunene nangasekhohlo. Nature abayinyamekelayo ukuba zombini ezi amalungu ebalulekileyo lokukhuselwa koxinzelelo, ukothuka, njl isithintelo kudweliso nenxeba .. I isifuba, ngasemva - umnqonqo kwaye emacaleni - imiphetho.

Ukukhanya ngokoqobo kwakugcwele amakhulu amasebe bronchi, kunye nezo zikwiindawo phezu iziphelo yobukhulu bawo alveoli kanotaka. Bona nisemzimbeni lomntu esempilweni, kukho ukuya million 300. I-alveoli anendima ebalulekileyo: zinika neempahla igazi neoksijini, ukuba inkqubo ebanzi, nako ukubonelela utshintsho yegesi indawo enkulu. Khawufan 'ucinge nje: ukuba ukugubungela yonke komhlaba kwinkundla tennis!

Imbonakalo imiphunga zifana isiqingatha-cone, isiseko apho omelene uvalo, kwaye ngaphezulu iphela ajikelezayo ezivelileyo 2-3 cm ngaphezu clavicle. Kunokuba umzimba bokuhlala ezi imiphunga zabantu. Anatomy of ekunene kunye nomhlehlo ekhohlo eyahlukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, i-bit yokuqala ezinkudlwana umthamo kuneyesibini, ngoxa sifutshane kwaye abanzi kancinci. Nganye emzimbeni isiqingatha wambu pleura, ezibandakanya amaphepha amabini, elinye spliced ukuya ebuhlanti ubambo, kunye nezinye - kunye kumphezulu kwemiphunga. Le pleura engaphandle eziqulethwe iiseli glandular, apho iveliswa em- fluid pleural.

Umphezulu engaphakathi lung ngamnye kufuneka nokuzinzisa, ekuthiwa esangweni. Ezi ziquka bronchi, noseko lwalo indlela umthi eyayizalwa, kwaye pulmonary, kwaye ishiya iperi mithambo miphungeni.

imiphunga Human. umsebenzi wabo

Kakade ke, umzimba womntu akukho amalungu yesibini. Kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubomi babantu yaye ezilula. Luhlobo luni lomsebenzi benza ntoni?

• umsebenzi lung Basic - ukuphumeza inkqubo uphefumlayo. Umntu lo yena uphila nje ukuphefumla. Ukuba uyayeka ukuba ukuhamba ioksijini emzimbeni, ukufa kwenzeka.
• umsebenzi lung lwabasebenzi ukukhulula carbon dioxide, ukuze umzimba luxhaswa intsalela asidi-obrak. Ngokusebenzisa le mibutho kukhululeka izinto ezililize: utywala, ammonia, acetone, chloroform kunye kaEtere.

• ukusebenza kwemiphunga yabantu ayipheli apho. lungu ngababini nangoku inxaxheba nokusulungekiswa igazi, nto leyo iza udibane nazo umoya. Isiphumo kukho imichiza reaction umdla. mpilo emoyeni kunye carbon dioxide iimolekyuli egazini ezimdaka lize, okt. e. oxygen ithatha carbon dioxide.
• ukusebenza kwemiphunga ezahlukeneyo kwenza ukuba babenokuthabatha inxaxheba exchange amanzi esivulekayo emzimbeni. Ngokusebenzisa ezi imveliso-20% yamanzi.
• Imiphunga nxaxheba abakhutheleyo inkqubo thermoregulation. Ukuba unike i-10% kwi-atmosfere xa umoya ubushushu zingumphunga.
• Ulawulo igazi ekunqandeni ayikho ngaphandle inxaxheba kule nkqubo kulula.

Zisebenza njani imiphunga yakho?

umsebenzi lung lwabasebenzi awuthintele umoya egazini ukuthutha ioksijini, ukuba bayisebenzise, kunye ne-carbon dioxide zigutyula. Ukukhanya - imizimba kunokuba enkulu ezithambileyo kunye izihlunu nomsi-. umoya wayisezela ongena isingxobo somoya. Bona ezahlulwe yi stenochke obhityileyo kunye emithanjeni.

Phakathi kwegazi kunye neeseli ezincinane kuphela umoya. Ngoko eendonga ezingcakacileyo yeegesi ukurhogele aziyo imiqobo ekhuthaza passability okulungileyo kubo. Kulo mzekelo, ukusebenza kwemiphunga oluntu ukusetyenziswa zokurhoxa eziyimfuneko okungeyomfuneko neegesi. Lung tissue yi elastic kakhulu. Inhalation yi ukwandiswa esifubeni kunye nokwanda umthamo semiphunga.

Uqhoqhoqho amela impumlo, pharynx, kwingqula, uqhoqhoqho, na uhlobo lwe ityhubhu ka 10-15 ubude cm, yahlulwe kubini, ezibizwa bronchi. Emoyeni udlulayo kubo, uya isingxobo somoya. Ukunciphisa volume lung expiratory kwenzeka, ukuncipha ubungakanani ityesi, ukuvalwa kwenxenye ivalve pulmonary evumela umoya ukuphuma kwakhona. Leyo yindlela emiphungeni zabantu.

Isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi yokuba amandla emzimbeni kulinganiswa umthamo womoya ukurhogele kwaye iyaphuma. Ngoko, kuwo amadoda ngayo ulingana yembali ezisixhenxe, abafazi - ezintlanu. Ukukhanya akezi lilambatha-nanini. umoya eseleyo emva nomphunga kuthiwa intsalela. Xa ukusezela ixubene kunye nomoya omtsha. Ngoko ke, umoya - yinto abazi kwaye zingqondweni ngexesha elifanayo inkqubo eyenzeka rhoqo. ukuphefumla Man xa ulele, kodwa yena akazange acinge ngayo. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba oyifunayo unokuba ukuphefumla ngokufutshane kuphazamiseka. Ngokomzekelo, ngoxa amanzi.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nokusebenza emiphungeni

Bona bayakwazi ukumpompa 10,000 iilitha umoya ukurhogele ngamnye ngosuku. Kodwa ke akusoloko crystal. Kunye oksijini ekubonelelwe kumzimba uthuli lwethu iintsholongwane ezininzi kunye amasuntswana amazwe. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi emiphungeni ukhuseleko kubo bonke ubumdaka engathandekiyo emoyeni.

iindonga inyumoniya anenqwaba villi ezincinane. Bona efunekayo ukuze ukulibazisa iintsholongwane kunye eluthulini. A anodaka nezithi zikhuphe iiseli udonga ngokuma lubricates i villi, uze emva koko akhutshelwe ngaphandle xa expectoration.

Ubume isixokelelwano sokuphefumla

It iqulathe Amalungu nezihlunu, nebonelela ngokupheleleyo umoya nokuphefumla. Xa ngumfuziselo exchange igesi - icandelo eziphambili ukutya - imisebenzi le isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Le yokugqibela unoxanduva kuphela pulmonary (lwangaphandle) uphefumlayo. Oku kuquka:

1. yomoya, eyenziwa ngaba impumlo kunye nemingxuma zayo, kwingqula, uqhoqhoqho, bronchi.

Impumlo kunye kwisisu yayo itshiswe, humidified zahluzwa imuncwe emoyeni. zokuhlanjululwa kwayo kuphunyezwa ngokuthi iinwele ezininzi twa kunye neeseli engenamqheba kunye isiliya.

Kwingqula ibekwe phakathi ingcambu kolwimi kunye noqhoqhoqho. uvuleke inwebu yayo yangaphakathi yahlulwe phakathi kweentlanti. ukuba phakathi ayikho ezinyibilikiswe ngokupheleleyo. Umsantsa phakathi kwazo ibizwa ngokuba ilizwi.

Uqhoqhoqho evela kwingqula. Isifuba wohlulwe le bronchi: ngasekunene nangasekhohlo.

2. Ukukhanya a iimpahla ezinabantu branched, bronchioles kunye njengamaqhakuva alveolar. Baqala ukwahlulwa okuthe bronchi kuzo tubules nobukhulu encinane, nibizwayo bronchioles. Ziqulethe le iibhloko zokwakha zincinane yokukhanya - noxolelwano.

I-pulmonary uthwala igazi ventricle tye kwentliziyo. Yahlulahlulwe yaba ekhohlo nasekunene. imithambo eyayizalwa kufuneka kulandelwe iphika, criss-ukunqumla alveoli nokwakha emithanjeni ezincinane.

3. Inkqubo Musculoskeletal, nibulela ngayo umntu ayiphelelanga ukuhamba sokuphefumla.

Le imisipha ubambo, uvalo. Bona abalali, ngenxa ukuthembakala yomoya kwaye uwagcine kwindawo ezahlukeneyo babesima kunye iintshukumo zomzimba. Izihlunu yokosulelwa nokuvala, igalelo notshintsho evolyum esifubeni. Imbobo yenzelwe eyahlula lweHo- esifubeni ukusuka esiswini. Yeyona umsipha ephambili ababandakanyekayo ephefumla.

Man kulondoloza impumlo yakhe. Okulandelayo, umoya udlula kwiindlela anomoya kwaye kungena emiphungeni yomntu, ubume kunye nemisebenzi olunikezela umsebenzi ngakumbi isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Oku nje into nokomzimba. Loo umoya kuthiwa impumlo. Em- umzimba itshiswa, humidification kunye ukusulungekiswa emoyeni. Ukuba isifo ngeempumlo Ijalele, umntu ethimla, aze aqalise ukwahlukanisa yencindi olukhuselayo. Ngeempumlo yokuphefumla kusenokuba nzima. Emva koko, umoya ungena emlonyeni kungena emqaleni. Ngenye umoya onjalo bathi ukuba umlomo yaye, enyanisweni, zophendlo lwezifo. Kulo mzekelo yephule umsebenzi ngeempumlo okubangela izifo ezahlukeneyo phecana zemiphunga.

umoya uthunyelwa ukusuka pharynx ukuya kwingqula, leyo eminye imisebenzi, ukongeza ethwele mpilo iphecana yokuphefumla, ingakumbi, reflexogenic. Ukuba kukho ukungavisisani komzimba, kukho khohlo okanye spasm. Ukongeza, kwingqula libandakanyeka kwimveliso ephilileyo. Oku kubalulekile ukuba nawuphi na umntu, njengokuba unxibelelwano nabanye abantu abaya ngenxa yezinto azithethayo. Uqhoqhoqho kunye bronchi kuqhubeka ebushushwini humidify zezulu, kodwa ayikho - akukho msebenzi zazo eziphambili. Ekwenzeni umsebenzi othile, bona ukulawula umthamo imuncwe lomoya.

isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. imisebenzi

Emoyeni ngeenxa zonke kuthi, kumafa yayo iqulethe mpilo unokufumana emzimbeni wethu ngesikhumba. Kodwa imali yayo akwanelanga ukuxhasa ubomi. Kuba oku kukho isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Zokuthutha izinto eziyimfuneko kunye neegesi yenza kwegazi. Ubume isixokelelwano sokuphefumla yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba ikwazi ukunika umzimba mpilo kwaye kususa carbon dioxide. Iqhuba le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• Olawula uqhuba, oko moisturizes kunye nomoya bamafutha, isusa amasuntswana nothuli.
• Ikhusela yomoya angafumani etheza ukutya.
• Wenza umoya uqhoqhoqho evela kwingqula.
• Kuphucula exchange gas phakathi imiphunga kunye negazi.
• Ethwala igazi lwemithambo emiphungeni.
• Oxygenates igazi kwaye kususa carbon dioxide.
• It has a zikhusela.
• Ulibaziseko kunye inyibilike egazi, amasuntswana angaphandle imvelaphi emboli.
• Umsebenzi wokufumana exchange kwezinto eziyimfuneko.

An into umdla kukuba kunye ubudala kukho umda ukusebenza isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Sehlise izinga umoya kunye nomsebenzi ukuphefumla. Izizathu ezi ukuphazamiseka kunokuba utshintsho ezahlukeneyo amathambo nemisipha wesintu. Ngenxa yoko, litshintsha imilo esifubeni, ukuhamba yayo kunciphisa. Oku kunciphisa umthamo isixokelelwano sokuphefumla.

isigaba zemigudu

Xa ukusezela oksijini evela alveoli pulmonary egazini, oko kukuthi erythrocytes. Ngenxa yoko, phezu koko, icarbon dioxide udlula emoyeni, linegama oksijini. Ekubeni ngenayo nomoya ukuphuma imiphunga zaphembelela landa organ, ekhuthaza kwe- zegesi.

Njengoko siphefumla, uxinzelelo wadala kwi alveoli emiphungeni phezulu emoyeni. Liqala Kwathi kwe- olusebenzayo ngakumbi ngeegesi: icarbon dioxide neoksijini.

Nanini na xa kumiwe wadala emva zingumphunga. Oku kungenxa yokuba kungekho Ukuncitshiswa neegesi, kuba uxinzelelo lomoya eseleyo emiphungeni kancinane, ngaphantsi kakhulu emoyeni.

Ngoxa uphefumle - ndiyafunga. Inkqubo respiration

• Ukuze umntwana ngaphakathi esizalweni, oxygen ongena ngokuhlawulelwa ngegazi lakhe, ngoko nemiphunga zosana azikho inxaxheba kule nkqubo, ziyahlutha ulwelo. Xa umntwana uzelwe kwaye yenza umoya wakhe wokuqala, imiphunga uqalise ukusebenza. Isakhiwo umsebenzi wamalungu zemiphunga ezifana ukuba bakwazi ukunika umzimba womntu mpilo kwaye kususa carbon dioxide.
• Imiyalezo ye ngenani elithandekayo oksijini ngexesha lekhefu elithile kuthatha iziko yokuphefumla, nto leyo ibekwe ebuchotsheni. Ngoko ke, ebudeni ubuthongo oxygen efunekayo ngaphantsi kakhulu ngexesha leeyure zokusebenza.
• Umthamo lomoya engenayo emiphungeni ilawulwa imiyalezo, ezithunyelwa ebuchotsheni.

• Ebudeni bale imiyalezo undintlitha uvalo, nto leyo ethatha kwesifuba. Oku kwenza nkulu imali nekuhlala ukwandiswa emiphungeni ngexesha inhalation.
• Ngexesha ngumphunga, uvalo buyasikhulula kunye nezihlunu intercostal, ivolyum esifubeni lifinyele. Oku kukhokelela ukugxothwa umoya ovela emiphungeni.

iintlobo ukuphefumla

• Clavicular. Xa indoda nesifombo, iingalo zakhe bayavuswa, kwaye esisu na zixinaniswe. Oku kubonisa flow elingonelanga ioksijini emzimbeni.
• nokuphefumla Thoracic. Lubonakala yi ukwandiswa esifubeni ngenxa kwizihlunu intercostal. iimpawu ezinjalo igalelo nokuphefumla ioksijini Ukwanda umzimba. Le ndlela nje amalungu sifaneleke ngakumbi kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.
• ukuphefumla Deep agcwalise umoya, amacandelo asezantsi izitho. Usoloko kuphefumla ngoko iimbaleki kunye namadoda. Le ndlela iluncedo kumsebenzi physical eklasini.

Akumangalisi ke ukuba umoya - njengesipili zempilo yengqondo. Ngoko ke, sezifo zengqondo Lowen uye waphawula unxulumano indalo omkhulu kunye nohlobo disorder lomntu ngokweemvakalelo. Abantu abathanda schizophrenia, ebandakanyekileyo nokuphefumla esifubeni eliphezulu. Umntu uhlobo bangonwabi lwe unobumba uphefumla a esiswini enkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu uphefumla engumxube, nayo leyo inxaxheba esifubeni uvalo.

abatshayayo ukukhanya

Ukutshaya igalelo ngamandla abasemagunyeni. icuba iqulethe tar, inicotine nomoya hydrogen benqanda. Ezi izinto ezinobungozi bayakwazi walibeka phezu izihlunu lung, zize ekufeni yelungu epithelial. Imiphunga yomntu nempilo ayikho ngeenkqubo ezinjalo.

Xa iintshayi likhanyise emdaka ngwevu okanye emnyama ngebala ngenxa nokwanda kwenani enkulu leseli kwabafileyo. Kodwa loo nto zonke izinto ezimbi. umsebenzi lung liyehla kakhulu. Qala iinkqubo ezimbi akhokelela komtshiso oko. Ngenxa yoko, umntu ovela ezingapheliyo sisifo obstructive pulmonary, leyo igalelo kuphuhliso ukusilela yokuphefumla ukubandezeleka. Yena, ke, ebangela ephule ezininzi zenzeka ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini zomzimba emzimbeni.

intengiso Social ibisoloko wabonisa umboniso, imifanekiso kunye umahluko phakathi kokukhanya ixhwele esempilweni. Kwaye abantu abaninzi abangazange Ndathatha umdiza, gidi. Kodwa ke musa ukuba idolo ngokwakhe kunjalo, ekholelwa ukuba emehlweni siba, nto leyo ixhwele ukukhanya, siye na yakwenza nawe. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kukho umahluko ezikhethekileyo lwangaphandle xa uqala kuqala, akukho. Nomfanekiso X-ray okanye oqhelekileyo isifuba X-reyi akazange abonise, njengomsi weziko umntu okanye hayi. Ngaphezu koko, akukho namnye sezifo akakwazi ukubona ngokuqiniseka okuphelele, nokuba loo mntu ndilikhoboka ukutshaya ngexesha lokudla kwakhe de sibona iimpawu ezithile: imeko bronchi, yellowing iminwe njalo njalo. Kutheni le nto? Kubonakala ukuba izinto eziyingozi idada emoyeni kwisixeko ongcolileyo, ukufumana emizimbeni yethu ngendlela efanayo njengoko umsi wecuba kwi emiphungeni ...

Isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi umzimba yenzelwe ukukhusela umzimba. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ityhefu kutshabalalisa izihlunu lung, leyo koko, ngenxa beqokelela iiseli kwabafileyo, iba mnyama ngebala.

Yintoni na le nto izibhengezo? Nje le phowusta kunye kwimibhalo athelekisekayo ibonisa izidumbu zabantu abadala kunye nomntwana ....

Umdla malunga zokuphefumla isixokelelwano sokuphefumla

• Amaphaphu babe ubungakanani kungengasandla.
• Volume zomzimba ngezibini - iilitha ezi-5. Kodwa ayisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuqinisekisa ephefumla ngokwaneleyo 0.5 iilitha. Umthamo komoya intsalela kweelitha enye enesiqingatha. Ukuba ukubala, ngoko nje neelitha ezintathu volume umoya usoloko zigciniwe.
• I omdala umntu eyona incinci kusenokwenzeka, umoya wakhe. Enye ngomzuzu a nosana inhales, exhales ezimashumi mathathu anantlanu amaxesha, umntwana - eko, abadala - izihlandlo ezilishumi elinesihlanu.
• Ngaxa linye, umntu wenza iwaka Ukuphefumla ngosuku - amabini anesithandathu amawaka, kunyaka - kwezigidi ezilithoba. Ngaphezu koko, amadoda kunye nabafazi musa aphefumle ngendlela efanayo. Ngonyaka omnye, ityala yokuqala million 670 phefumla, kwaye eyesibini - 746.
• Omnye ngomzuzu umntu kubalulekile ukufumana iilitha ezisibhozo enesiqingatha umthamo lomoya.

Ngokusekelwe ngasentla, sithi; ngokuba ukukhanya ukuba lokhozi. Ukuba uyathandabuza malunga nemeko inkqubo nokuphefumla, udibane nogqirha.