Nokuphefumla Ezinye izinto eziphilayo

Ihlabathi izidalwa eziphilayo yokugcwalisa iplanethi yethu, oko zahlukile kakhulu. Ezinye zazo zifumaneka kuphela kwimeko zolwelo, enye inxalenye yobomi naphaya ukubamba amanzi, abanye - emhlabeni. Kwaye zonke iimvelo zezinto eziphilayo nendawo ezihlala zabo. amalungu zemigudu of izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo, kunye nohlobo kunye nesakhiwo azixhomekekanga kuphela bahlala apho, kodwa kwakhona kubunzima umzimba ifowuni.

Izilwanyana ezininzi elula abangekaphuhli - akutshatanga-elilodwa, eziquka, umzekelo, i-amoeba, ciliate-zezihlangu, sporozoans. inkqubo yabo nokuphefumla akukho ukusekwa. Baya uphefumle oksijini unyityilikiswa emanzini. Loo nto, engena emzimbeni komhlaba umzimba nge kucocwa.

Xa coelenterates (iziponji, hydra, jellyfish, neekorale), ziphantsi izilwanyana multicellular, umoya kwakhona kwenzeka xa umphezulu umzimba. Oku kubonisa isakhiwo neempawu bakudala coelenterates.

kakhulu ukuba ziintshulube olwaye lwamfimfitha ukuphefumla ulusu, oko kukuthi, ioksijini ingena ngesikhumba, kodwa amanzi annelids kukho amalungu akhethekileyo nokuphefumla - iigilizi. Kwakukhuhlwa zitshintshele amaphiko kagesi okanye parapodium. ntshulube olwaye lwamfimfitha (flukes, ngeenxa) kodwa nokuphefumla, nokuphefumla lwabo anaerobic.

Ngu uhlobo arthropods ziquka inani elikhulu eziphilayo ezihlala kuzo zonke iindawo, ngoko ke isixokelelwano sokuphefumla ezahlukene. Xa arthropods ezweni (izigcawu, noonomadudwane, izinambuzane) , amalungu Special wokuphefumla - iingxowa umphunga, uqhoqhoqho, imiphunga.

Noonomadudwane, yesigcawu umoya abangekaphuhli kwi ngeendleko njengamaqhakuva zemiphunga. Le kukuqiniswa kwisisu, leyo zizaliswe hemolymph kwaye ziqulathe ezininzi plate leaf. Iindonga la macwecwe exchange igesi kwenzeka, ioksijini ongena ingxowa ngokusebenzisa ezizangqa pulmonary, eziphezu esiswini. Uninzi zezigcawu ngaxeshanye kunye nemiphunga kunye noqhoqhoqho.

Uqhoqhoqho - ityhubhu obhityileyo, ezendeleyo umzimba lonke kwesilwanyana. Ngokusebenzisa imingxuma avulwa uqhoqhoqho ngaphandle, ingxenye yokuqala esiswini. Imiphunga babe isakhiwo nobu-, yaye ke ngoko apha naphaya engcono uqhoqhoqho ukuphefumla ioksijini emoyeni.

amalungu zemigudu izinambuzane - nto kwakhona uqhoqhoqho, igcwale umzimba wonke. Zibonakala lwamasebe ngaphandle, inwenwa amalungu angaphakathi isilwanyana. ekupheleni tracheal ngemibhobho nokuba ubhityile ngakumbi - tracheoles engena kwi iiseli. tracheal kwezinambuzane ukunxibelelana ngokukhululekileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo, kodwa eziphelweni zaso izixhobo reflex apho ilahleko yamanzi uncipha yokubhabha izinambuzane nini.

Arthropods ezihlala amanzi (yenamvuna, oononkala, daphnia, oononkala intsimbi yehashe) aphefumle nge iigilizi dermal. Ezi iigilizi aphezu imilenze isilwanyana, kwaye ube nenani elikhulu zizixwexwe ezicekethekileyo, apho kwenzeka Exchange igesi. Kwi ilizwe isilwanyana usaphila, logama nje la macwecwe ukuba desensitised ngamanzi.

yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe zemigudu kunokuba iimpumlo kunye nemiphunga. Phefumlela komhlaba okanye amanzi lula neegastropods. kwisisu ingubo ye iinkumba kwi inkqubo yendaleko ibe lula. Le ukukhanya umngxuma zokuphefumla oludityaniswe kunye nendalo kwaye ivalwe.

neegastropods yamanzi emvula siphefumle umoya esesibhakabhakeni, ngokuba inhalation kuvuka ngaphezulu. Iindonga imithambo yegazi qhina lung exineneyo, ukususela apha igazi ahlanganiswe ioksijini iyekelela kunye carbon dioxide. Squid uphefumle usebenzisa iigilizi. Iigilizi plate igridi zizele epithelium ciliated. Esebenzisa umsebenzi isiliya le epithelium ciliated ithatha indawo ugwebu emanzini isiphuku kwisisu. Le manzi ioksijini, nto leyo oxidized kwi iigilizi. Ekubeni oksijini kunye nezakhi kufakwa emzimbeni, kwaye imveliso ukonakala, kunye icarbon dioxide imveliso ngokusebenzisa umngxuma siphon yokwaleka.