Elibhalwe ngokumileyo Basil, uYuri zhukov, nguDmitry Shemyaka: umzabalazo kunye nezikhulu Basil II

Kwikota yesibini kwinkulungwane XV eRashiya aduma zembujiswano kunye (okanye, ngokutsho kwesigama eSoviet, feudal) imfazwe phakathi Moscow Prince Vasily II, umalume wakhe nabazala. Kukho phambili ezintathu nentlekele kakhulu yezopolitiko kunye dynastic: umzabalazo phakathi ezimbini ngokulandelelana, ukungaqiniseki umnqophiso nguDmitry Donskoy le-Grand Duchy of noVladimir kwaye, ekugqibeleni, lo ingxabano amaqela alwayo.

Impixano phezu zoludwe yaqala kwiminyaka wokulawula Vasily Dmitrievich, esoyika unyana Dmitriya Donskogo. Ke yena umntakwabo uKonstantin Dmitrievich irhuluneli ngokuchasiweyo duchy ezukileyo Vladimir waya unyana wakhe. Noko ke, irhuluneli wakwazi ukoyisa ukungawi umzalwana wakhe, badlule itrone ukuya Vasily II.

Ukuqala ingxabano

imfazwe feudal eyathatha ixesha elide - ukususela 1425 ukuya 1453. Yaba ngexesha ekwakugquba enkulu hayi kuphela Grand Duchy of eMoscow, kodwa ngenxa amazwe Russian Northern ngokubanzi. Isizathu sokuba le ntlekele yaba utoliko ezimbini okanye amafa Inqaku of nguDmitry Donskoy kwi yokulandelelana etroneni.

Nyana irhuluneli, Vasily, wafa, wanika etroneni lokuba yindlalifa wakhe omdala Basil II. Noko ke, umzalwana wakhe, Yuriy Dmitrievich Galitsky, okanye Zvenigorod, ebhekisela intando kayise, waba zamabango kwetrone. Kodwa ke kuqala wenza isgqibo ngo-1425 kunye umtshana wakhe, owathi, Noko ke, akuzange kube kudala.

irhuluneli Galician wabhenela hlokondiba kwiminyaka embalwa. Basil II kunye uYuri Dmitrievich waya Khan, owathi, emva imbambano elide wanika Grand Duchy of eMoscow prince, umalume wakhe akazange ukwamkela esi sigqibo Wangena ngxabano evulekileyo kunye umtshana wakhe.

Inqanaba lokuqala lomzabalazo

Umfutho ekuqaleni yokungqubana yayisothusa wakhonza ngexesha lomtshato Vasily kwi Bohr Princess Maria Yaroslavna. Unyana omdala ka uYuri Dmitrievich, Basil Oblique (isiteketiso Prince ezifunyenwe emva blinding kunyaka v1436), wafika enxibe ibhanti, leyo kuthathwa ngokuba Dmitriya Donskogo. Mother Basil II wazikrazula esidlangalaleni kuye lo iinkcukacha ebalulekileyo Idrama, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni zahlukane eMoscow prince.

Basil Oblique kunye nguDmitry Shemyaka (ngubani umzalwana kwisizwe esixelwe mva) wabaleka waya kuyise, abo balwa nxamnye umtshana wakhe. Last woyiswa, kunye uYuri Galitsky ngo-1434 wathabatha elikomkhulu, kodwa ngequbuliso wafa kunyaka omnye.

Ithuba lesibini, enembambano

Emva kokufa kukayise Prince nguVasili Diagon wazama ukuba azinze e Moscow, kodwa ayizange ukuxhasa abazalwana, nguDmitry Shemyaka kunye nguDmitry Krasny. Zombini bangena kwisivumelwano kunye Basil II, ababuyela eyinkunzi wathabatha Buffet Grand.

Vasily Kosoy waqhubeka nzima. Yena waqala ukulwa umzala wakhe. Wakwazi ukuba acele inkxaso ye-North, apho azuza imikhosi ngokwabo. Noko ke, yena woyiswa Basil II, bambamba kwaye tameke ngo-1436. Yiyo loo nto ke igama Squint, phantsi kwayo, yaye wehla embalini yase Russia ephakathi.

Isigaba sesithathu yemfazwe; longquzulwano ka Basil II kunye nguDmitry Shemyaka

Basil Diagon wabethwa, kwaye maxongo ubudlelwane phakathi Vasily Vasilyevich kunye Dmitriem Yurevichem simbi. Le meko nzima nangakumbi ngumba ukuba iNkosana eMoscow woyiswa xa wayesilwa Kazan nangezinto kwasuswa banjwa ngo 1445. Wathabatha ithuba welinye iqela lakhe waza wathabatha eMoscow. Noko ke, Basil II wahlawula intlawulelo enkulu yaye kungekudala wabuyela ulawulo lwakhe, kunye nguDmitry Shemyaka ke bagxothwa ukusuka kwikomkhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, wasamkela ukoyiswa walungelelanisa kunokuxhwilwa umzala wakhe. Basil II wabethwa, uye labizwa ngokuthi Dark. Waye elubhacweni kuqala Vologda, ngoko ku Uglich. welinye icala lakhe waye eyinganga emva e Moscow, kodwa abemi seLizwe ayisa waqonda njengomlawuli zabo.

Ithuba sesine wembambano yoluntu: i ngokoyiswa nguDmitry Shemyaka

Ngelo xesha, Basil II, ukuthatha uncedo inkxaso yoluntu, washiya indawo entolongweni yakhe waza wenza umfelandawonye Prince saseTver Borisom Aleksandrovichem kwi joint umzabalazo nxamnye notshaba eqhelekileyo. Iinzame ezidibeneyo ye Amanyeneyo iphumelele ezizisekondari elubhacweni Prince nguDmitry of eMoscow ngo-1447.

Ngenxa yoko, Basil II waphumelela kuloyiso ekugqibeleni, kodwa iqela lakhe ixesha elithile bazama ukususa kuye. Ngowe-1453 nguDmitry Yuryevich wafa e Novgorod, yaye lo mhla kucingwa ekupheleni kwemfazwe feudal eRashiya.

Ixabiso ingxwabangxwaba yoluntu kwimbali zezopolitiko Grand Duchy of eMoscow kwekhulu XV

nengxaki Dynastic kwaba nemiphumo engathethekiyo ekuvunyweni umgaqo omtsha yokulandelelana. Isibakala sokuba iRussia yayisonganyelwa zoludwe wokulawula elikhulu ixesha elide sideline, ie ilifa badlula endala sodidi. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukususela kwinkulungwane XIV, kuba ubukumkani Ivan Danilovich, itrone kusoloko ezongezelelekileyo unyana omdala ka-Grand Duke edlulileyo.

Abalawuli ngokwabo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokuthanda njalo wegqitha Grand Duchy of Vladimir oonyana bakhe. Kodwa ngokusemthethweni lo mgaqo entsha ezingazange zigutyungelwe. Noko ke, kude kube kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XV, umbuzo wokulandelelana akazange avuke njalo kabukhali, emva kokufa nguDmitry Donskoy ngo-1389. Ekugqibeleni uloyiso Basil II ivume umyalelo wokulandelelana kumgca ngqo kwinzala - ukusuka kuyise unyana.

Ukususela ngoko, abalawuli iMoscow laqesha ngokusemthethweni ezihlangwini oonyana bakhe abadala. Kuye yenzelwe umthetho omtsha dynastic yokulandelelana etroneni, eli leyo into yokuba ngokwabo elimisiweyo ukususela ngoku akwa e kwemiyolelo zabo ezihlangwini zabo, kwaye izigqibo zabo ayikwazanga umngeni ngenxa yomthetho wesizwe.