Le ukurhoxiswa amajoni Soviet ukusuka Afghanistan yenzeka abaphumeleleyo okanye iyivume?

Elinesihlanu February 1989 - imini esemthethweni ekurhoxisweni amajoni Soviet ukusuka Afghanistan. 10:00 kusasa, eli joni yokugqibela, uLieutenant-Jikelele 40 Umkhosi B. V. Gromov, washiya ummandla Afghanistan kumda, edlula ibhulorho phezu Amu Darya umlambo. Ukususela ngoko, its been iminyaka 24, kodwa iziganeko imfazwe nabangekafumani ongekho kwimemori ye-nxaxheba, kubo kusikhumbuza ezincwadini, iimovie. Wonke ukhumbula block film "Rota 9", echaza iziganeko imfazwe. Xa episode mnye, umbuzo malunga ukuba angenza ntoni emva kokubuyela ekhaya, eli joni wathi: "Sela, ngoko omnye eselwayo, nisele ude ulibale yonke kuhlukunyezwa ukuba wanyamezela." Yintoni sayihamba amajoni yiSoviet apho, ezintabeni Afghanistan, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ngokuba yintoni?

I elide imfazwe nyaka-10

nokurhoxa yiSoviet evela Afghanistan kwaphawula ukuphela kwemfazwe, ezo, enyanisweni, asazi phantse nto. Ukuba usithelekise ndingowokuqala Second World Wars, ulwazi kwi "ngokuxhoma entabeni" ecaphukile kwi zingazaliswanga-10 leminyaka, iye yagcinwa kuphela kwimemori ye-nxaxheba. imfazwe oyimfihlo zaqala nge-25 Disemba 1979, yaye ngenxa yoko, ukutyalwa amajoni yabonisa USSR kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele njengoko umhlaseli.

Ngokukodwa, amazwe kwi Group of Seven ayikwazanga ukuqonda isigqibo waseUSSR, kwaye kuphela i US teshilis oku Cold War phakathi ezimbini ithi kakhulu lwenziwe ixesha elide. NgoDisemba 29, iphephandaba "PRAVDA" ukuphathwa ngurhulumente Afghanistan ishicilelwe kuncedo ngaphandle ukusombulula iingxabano zangaphakathi. ESoviet Union uye wanceda, kodwa phantse nangoko ndaqonda "mpazamo Afghan" kwaye umva indlela kwakunzima. Ukuze enze nokurhoxa eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet ukusuka Afghanistan, urhulumente wathabatha phantse-10 iminyaka, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuncama ubomi ka-14 amawaka amajoni, 53.000 nenkxwaleko athwale ubomi million 1 Afghanistan. Kuba amajoni Soviet kwaba nzima ukuba baqhubeke impi ezintabeni, lo gama i-Mujahideen wayesazi ukuba ngaphakathi ngaphandle.

nokurhoxa yiSoviet evela Afghanistan iye yaba yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu ibiphakanyiswe okokuqala Februwari 7, 1980. Kodwa ke urhulumente koko waziva imfuneko ukulibazisa amajoni, njengoko imeko e Afghanistan, ngokoluvo lwabo, nje ngcono. kwakuyimfuneko ukuba 1.5 ukuze inkululeko epheleleyo eli lizwe - kwiminyaka emi-2. Kungekudala L. I. Brezhnev wagqiba phezu ukurhoxiswa mkhosi, kodwa ayizange ukuxhasa inyathelo ye Yu. V. Andropov, DF Ustinov. Kuba ixesha elithile, ukuba isisombululo kule ngxaki sele wayeka, kwaye amajoni baqhubeka ukulwa sife ezintabeni, akucacanga ukuba kabani izinto. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1985 M. S. Gorbachev Sabuyela umba isicwangciso troop zokurhoxa yavunywa, ngokutsho ngayo, kwisithuba seminyaka emibini, umkhosi Soviet baba ukushiya kummandla Afghanistan. Kwaba kuphela emva kokuba ungenelelo wephepha UN waya ishishini. Pakistan and Afghanistan besayine isivumelwano soxolo, lo ungabambani United States akuvumelekanga kwimicimbi yangaphakathi kweli lizwe, njengoko eSoviet Union ukusebenzisa nokurhoxa eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet ukusuka Afghanistan.

amajoni Soviet abuya uloyiso okanye bazoyise?

Abaninzi bayazibuza malunga yintoni isiphumo yaphela imfazwe? Ngaba siqwalasela amajoni abaphumeleleyo Soviet? Impendulo elula akukho, kodwa eSoviet Union, le nto athene ngokwabo umsebenzi ukoyisa Afghanistan, wayeza ukuncedisa uRhulumente sinjalo lwangaphakathi. USSR kungenzeka ukuba silahlekelwe kule mfazwe ngokwakhe, amajoni-14 amawaka kunye neentsapho zabo. Ngubani wacela ukuba ukuthumela amajoni kweli lizwe, ukuba balinde khona? Imbali uyazi akukho yembulalo kakubi kakhulu, iye ubunzima imibingelelo enjalo. Le ukurhoxiswa amabutho Afghanistan ngo-1989 yaba sisigqibo kakhulu ezikrelekrele ekuhambeni kule mfazwe, kodwa ezike ebuhlungu iya kuhlala ngonaphakade ezintliziyweni amalungu wonzakele ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni kunye neentsapho zabo.