Kunye nale Moscow ubulawuli saseTver xa umntu kwenzeka yaye yintoni nyaka? Ukujoyina Novgorod kunye yaseTver eMoscow ubulawuli

Kwinkulungwane XI karhulumente Old Russian yahlulwa izilawuli eziliqela ezizimeleyo. Emva ayehlasela nangezinto nokusekwa Mongol idyokhwe baqala ukwandisa impembelelo eMoscow kaThixo. Le idolophu encinane yaba liziko kwezopolitiko amazwe Russian. abathetheli eMoscow bakhokela umzabalazo kunye nabahlali emathafeni. Emva nguDmitry Donskoy wamoyisa Mamai kwi Idabi Kulikov, esi sikhundla ubunkokeli yaze yaqiniswa kakhulu.

Novgorod ngokujoyina

Noko ke, ukongezelela eMoscow, kwakusekho kwizixeko ezimbalwa abazizityebi kubalulekile, nto leyo bafumana inkululeko. Okokuqala bona Novgorod kunye yaseTver. Baye ezaqhotyoshelwa eMoscow ebudeni bolawulo Ivan III (1462-1505).

Nkosi Novgorod Enkulu ibisoloko wema nxamnye nezinye izixeko Russian. Kwinkulungwane XII oko kwamiselwa inkqubo republic karhulumente. Amandla isixeko ngokuyintloko eyale seSigqeba. Yaba kwiimbutho ngabemi, abanyamezele kulawulo isitshixo Novgorod ngokusebenzisa lokuvota. Loo lwesininzi eyayikho kuphela Pskov. Novgorod wanyula prince zabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, aba abalawuli Rurik ubukhosi. Isikhulu ayikwazanga ukudlulisela amandla akhe lilifa, njengoko kwenziwe nakwezinye izixeko zamandulo.

Ukujoyina Novgorod kunye yaseTver eMoscow ubulawuli kwakhokelela njengokuqhekeka yesithethe, eziqhelekileyo kubahlali balapha. Ivan III akazange ayithande into yokuba inkululeko ababelawula phezu kweenxweme Volkhov. Kwiminyaka yokuqala wobukumkani bakhe wenza isivumelwano phantsi apho Novgorod Moscow nguzwilakhe wavuma umxhasi wakhe. Noko ke, kwakukho iqela le basebukhosini zazingathandanga ukuba ukomeleza impembelelo Ivan. Eli qela izinduna, elikhokelwa yeRhuluneli Umfazi Marfoy Boretskoy umfelandawonye Lithuania. Ivan uthathwe esi senzo nje ewolo. Wathi imfazwe abangathobeliyo. Ngowe-1478 imikhosi yakhe ekugqibeleni wangena Novgorod kwaye ehlonyelwe ku kwezinye izinto benganga eMoscow. It wachithwa uphawu engundoqo inkululeko ngokutyeziswa - intsimbi ibandla.

Isikhundla uMikhail Khodorkovsky

Ngeli xesha, yaseTver wayengekabi ezizimeleyo eMoscow. Lilawula intsha Prince uMikhail Borisovich. Ivan Iii ngelo xesha, ndandiphazanyiswa kulwalamano lwakhe yaseTver ngenxa imfazwe Mongols. Ngowe-1480 ithathe simi kwi Ugra emlanjeni. Emva kwakhe, Ivan ekugqibeleni Wazisusa Golden mkhosi ubume uviko.

Emva koko lo uqhagamshelwano Moscow ubulawuli saseTver. Ivan III ibe nempembelelo ecaleni, kunye enempi enkulu. YaseTver waba lixhoba wakutshanje kuphando lwe-nkqubo we "ukuqokelela amazwe Russian" nangenxa nobunini uMikhail Borisovich ukuba zivule phakathi eMoscow Novgorod.

imbali yaseTver

Ngaphambi koko, kwinkulungwane XIV yaseTver ukuba onke amathuba ukuba iziko kokudibanisa zonke izilawuli East Slavic. Kangangexesha elithile, kuyacaca ukuba abalawuli besixeko nokuba wathabatha ilifa Vladimir - ikomkhulu yamandulo mmandla. Noko ke, ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza yaseTver abathetheli AmaTatar basenokurhana kunye nabanye abalawuli Russian. Ngenxa yoko, esi sixeko saba lixhoba uthotho eemfazwe apho bonke abamelwane bamanyane nxamnye naye. Iinkosana ezintathu saseTver ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo baphulukana iintloko zabo anayo. Ngale nomzabalazo ubukhulu phezu kumazwe Russian eMoscow iphumelele. Ivan Iii wagqiba nje umsebenzi eyaqala ngamalungu alo.

EMoscow yaseTver Union

YaseTver iirula, ukulahlekelwa impembelelo yayo yangaphambili, wazama ukugqiba umfela ne-Russia, apho baya kuba ngamalungu ngokulinganayo. Xa uyise Ivan III, Vasily i Dark, xa ubukhosi bakhe baqalisa ingxokozelo. Imfazwe phakathi abazukulwana Dmitriya Donskogo (yama- etroneni) kuthethe ukuba ngoko Prince of yaseTver Boris isigqibo ukunceda omnye wabo. ukukhetha kwakhe bawa phezu Dark Basil. Abalawuli bavuma ukuba Ivan Iii watshata intombi yenkulu saseTver. Xa Basil ekugqibeleni ikhuseleke etroneni (nangona yokuba wabethwa), umbutho wabasebenzi yaye yagqitywa.

Noko ke, umtshato ka-Ivan III wenza eqale ukuba le Moscow ubulawuli saseTver. Unyana wakhe wokuqala (kwakhona Ivan), enkosi unina wakhe, waba onke amalungelo kuyo itrone uyisemkhulu wakhe.

ubudlelwane Ukupholisa

Kuqhuma kubudlelwane phakathi omakhelwane, xa ngequbuliso umlingane ufele Moscow Maria B. Duke. Emva kwesi siganeko, le izinduna yaseTver yebhongo nenemibono baqalisa ukuya eMoscow, aza kwenza imfazwe kwixesha elizayo. Phakathi kwabo, umzekelo, Daniil Holmsky - irhuluneli odumileyo yaye umphathi-mkhosi. Kunye nale Moscow ubulawuli saseTver kwafuneka ukuba kwenzeke ngenxa yezi zizathu alunqandeki nembali, kwaye ukuvela ngesizathu wabonakala kuphela umbandela kwexesha. Ivan Iii wamphakamisela defectors, leyo ethetha ezinye izinduna ukuba kungcono ukuhambisa inkonzo kuye. La manyathelo aye enza ukuba uqhagamshelwano Moscow ubulawuli saseTver lula umthambo. Elite lilo isixeko zange ukuxhathisa isiganeko kunqandwa.

Ukuhlasela elandelayo kwi Mihailu Borisovichu kubonwe kuyimfuneko ukuqeshwa Priste saseTver Bassion. Xa umhlaba wayengunyana ka omnye iinjengele Ivan III. Ubhishophu intsha iliso mlawuli kwidolophu ekufutshane. Wenza lukhulu ukuba babeke ukulawula saseTver eMoscow ukubusa. Unyaka emva konyaka, uBhishophu uIvan wathumela yokuthumela ngobume ezingqondweni basebukhosini yasekuhlaleni.

New Amanyeneyo Michael

Ithemba yokugqibela uMikhail Borisovich ukulondoloza inkululeko ibe umfelandawonye ngurhulumente Polish-Lithuanian. Ukujoyina yaseTver eMoscow ubulawuli bekuya kuba nzima ukuba simi abamelwane Koloni. Ekuqaleni, uMikayeli sikhokelwa ababawa ayencokola kunye nenzala ka Gediminas. Waqukumbela imitshato dynastic, kodwa abazange beze naziphi na izahlulelo.

Ngowe-1483 uMichael umhlolo. Wagqiba ukuthumela wozakuzo eyimfihlo Polish ukumkani Casimir. Inkulu bafuna ukutshata umzukulwana wakhe ufumane ally ethembekileyo. Izibonda babengamaKatolika, yaye eMoscow ukuba baphathwe ngaphezu epholileyo. Kungekudala Ivan Iii wafunda malunga nobudlelwane imfihlelo Michael. Emva koko, wagqiba ukuqala yaseTver abaqalayo kweso ubulawuli eMoscow. Umhla kwalo mcimbi ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini ezayo.

Fall yaseTver

Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1485, Ivan III waqokelela regiments abanyanisekileyo. Ngazo ke waya yaseTver, ngokuvakalisa imfazwe Mihailu Borisovichu. Kuphephe ubulawuli nto. Michael babalekela ePoland. Zihleli izinduna uIvan wacelwa ukuba ubasuse service yakhe ngaphezu uqhagamshelwano ogqityiweyo saseTver eMoscow ukubusa. Unyaka emva konyaka, Ivan bayeka ummelwane wakhe ngaphandle abaxhasi kunye nezibonelelo. Ekugqibeleni, kwabakho ukunamathela Moscow ubulawuli saseTver. Ukuba umntu uza kuphila okanye ngoku abahlala mzi, abazange bakwazi ukumelana karhulumente kazwelonke. EMoscow yaba sisiphumo endalo ukwandiswa umzabalazo kwiinkulungwane ubudala phakathi izilawuli ezithile, nto leyo othile omnye. Xa unyana ka-Ivan III kunye Vasily abazibandakanyileyo Pskov kunye Ryazan, eyaphelela komdibaniso of Russia. EMoscow iye yaba liziko wezopolitiko zesizwe, esele ayizange ingxabano.

Last Prince of yaseTver uMikhail Borisovich waba ePoland, apho wafela ngoxolo 1505 (kulo nyaka njengoko Ivan III). Ngu Casimir, wafumana imizi eziliqela, apho wahlala de wafa.