Ulawulo Ivan-3

Prince Ivan wayengunyana yesithathu ka Vasily 2 Dark of the Rurik ubukhosi. Ulawulo Ivan-3 khumbula manyano ngeenxa eMoscow inxalenye enkulu yomhlaba Russian, inguqu lwayo embindini karhulumente Russian. Ukongeza, kukho impumelelo ebalulekileyo yaba inkululeko epheleleyo eRashiya ukusuka kulawulo lo wothiyiweyo ye-Golden mkhosi. Kuye kwamkelwa isenzo ezisemthethweni regulatory okanye iseti yemithetho karhulumente - yoMthetho - kwakunye njengoko wenziwe ohlaziya owabeka inkqubo iindwalutho mihlaba, yahlukile ukusuka kumazwe yamanyange.

Ivan Veliky wazalwa ngoJanuwari 1440. Igama lakhe ilungelo uTimoti, kodwa imbeko Ioanna Zlatousta prince grand uIvan. Sisihlandlo sokuqala Ivan-3 njengoko "Grand Prince" livela malunga 1449, yaye ngowe-1452 waba intloko yomkhosi, leyo yakhulula ngempumelelo inqaba Kokshengu. Abalawula ngokufutshane karhulumente D. Shemyaka wadliswa, yaye yathatha wegazi imfazwe yamakhaya, eqatha akasweli inxaxheba yayo, iyemka.

Ulawulo Ivan owesithathu iqala, kunye noyise. Iphatha Pereslavl, ngelo xesha yayisesinye sezixeko eziphambili sikarhulumente eMoscow. Ngomhla ukuyilwa iimbono zakhe ziphembelele imisebenzi zomkhosi kunye namaphulo. Njengokuba umphathi wokuqala ngegama, kamva ke wakhokela umkhosi, nto leyo iye yavalwa indlela eMoscow ahlaselayo nangezinto.

Ngowe-1462 iqala ubukumkani Ivan owesithathu, xa, emva kokuba ukugula kokufa kukayise, ufumana ilungelo ilifa etroneni, yaye uninzi intsimi yesizwe. Uye imizi-16, lo gama eMoscow ongowakhe belingana kunye nabazalwana. Nikwenzile ukuthanda ukufa uyise, wababela ilizwe phantsi intando phakathi koonyana bonke. Amalungelo unyana omdala, Uyeza kwetrone. Ebudeni bolawulo Ivan isiqalo yesithathu kunye nomba zemali zegolide, leyo ke aphawula Ekuqalekeni kobukumkani.

angaphandle kweli xesha kukudibanisa emazweni Russia (imimandla yomntla-mpuma) zibe bengatshatanga Muscovite. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nkqubo iye yaba nempumelelo kakhulu eRashiya. Ulawulo Ivan-3, okubhaliweyo kwimbali ekuqaleni yokumanya kumazwe Russian, ngaba alunakulungela wonke. Umzekelo, oku lwalungquzulana izilangazelelo Lithuania, ngoko ubudlelwane kunye Grand Duchy of Lithuania baba oneengxaki, kunye zeenkcuba umda kwenzeka rhoqo. Iimpumelelo ezifunyenweyo Bulelani ekwandeni lizwe, negalelo ekukhuleni kunye nophuhliso ubudlelwane kumazwe Europe.

Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo kwaphawula ubukumkani Ivan owesithathu. Oku kuyilwa ukuba ukuzimela karhulumente Russian. ukuxhomekeka nominal kwi Golden mkhosi wayekwa. Urhulumente wakha umfelandawonye iCrimea Khanate, ngokubonakalayo esebenza ecaleni kumhlaba wokukora mkhosi. Ngobuchule Ukusebenzisa lempi amazwe, Ivan 3 uyalela ngempumelelo umgaqo-nkqubo amazwe kwicala lasempuma kwi Kazan Khanate.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula iziphumo wolawulo Ivan owesithathu. Kuninzi esele yenziwe yokuhlanganisa oozilawuli Russian. Kwakhona sono ngokusisigxina intlawulo irhafu nyambalala yomkhosi Khan, okunyusileyo inzuzo eninzi eRashiya.

amaxesha obunzima aqala ngo-1480, xa isikhulu Lithuanian bangena umfelandawonye Khan ye-mkhosi mkhulu kunene, i-Order Livonian yenziwa sizoku lwisana Pskov Lithuanians imvukelo. Le meko iye zisonjululwe kwidabi wamagazi egameni lorhulumente Russian, ethe wafumana ukuzimela athandwayo.

imfazwe Russian-Lithuanian, nto leyo ukruthakruthwano phakathi kwamazwe amabini, eyathatha ukususela 1487 ngo 1494, laphela ukupheliswa isivumelwano soxolo apho eRashiya sele kudlule ezininzi emazweni, kuquka Vyazma inqaba.

Unga kwakhona uqaphele iziphumo ezintle wolawulo Ivan owesithathu kwipolitiki zasekhaya. Ngeli xesha, iziseko zithe babekwa mandative kulawulo kunye neenkqubo asekuhlaleni kweli lizwe lwenziwa yinye kunye nokulwa nokuqhekeka. Ixesha yabalasela ukunyuka kunye nezenkcubeko. Le zebhola ye yemihla, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo izakhiwo ezitsha ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kweli xesha. Oku kukwagxininisa ukuba Ivan eyesithathu i umlawuli ngokungaqhelekanga, yaye igama lakhe 'Enkulu "best iyichaza.