Bala Panin Nikita Ivanovich: engobomi, imisebenzi kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Bala Panin Nikita Ivanovich - wezikhakhamela omkhulu uKumkanikazi eBhayi kunye Catherine Alekseevna, uzowenza krele kunye ezichuliweyo, ngutitshala Crown Prince, umseki-siseko wokuqala Russian, nto leyo ukunciphisa ulawulo lobuzwilakhe. Le inkcazo emfutshane imisebenzi yayo kwi intendelezo empresses ezimbini. Ngoku sihlolisise, Count ntoni ubuntu ilifa Nikita Panin. Ibali lobomi bakhe izele ukujika ngenyameko, ukanti wafa lihlazo.

iminyaka Early

Nikita Panin wazalelwa iDanzig ngo-1718, Matshi 31, kwintsapho wabanumzana, hayi ingakumbi owayesisityebi, kodwa ikhuseleke kakhulu. Ayekholelwa ukuba ookhokho babo abavela ukusuka kwisixeko Lucca. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, waba umzalwana omncinane uPetros. Abazalwana baqhubeka ubuhlobo babo ubomi bakhe. Le nqaba Pernove uyise-ngqwayi. ukuba bawaqonda phezulu waza ofundileyo ekhaya. Ngokutsho isiko, nokuzalwa Count Panin sabhalwa kwi Guards. -22, waba isikhundla sezigodlo, bakhonza enkundleni.

umsebenzi zokubonisana

Emva kokuba uMbuso 1741 kwinkundla kwakukho imibhiyozo okuqhubekayo. Ngomhla nankosi uselula yaye eyinzwana, sele ufumene isikhundla nene igumbi lokulala, wajika ingqalelo yayo ochwayithileyo uKumkanikazi Elizaveta Petrovna. Ngokutsho legend mnye, Walala umhla emiselwe indlu yakomkhulu. Emva kwale ityala yathunyelwa eCopenhagen uze e Stockholm ngo-1747. Mhlawumbi ezahlukeneyo. Emva koko wadlala indima ngamayelenqe wenkundla, nto leyo indawo owuthandayo abangabakhe Musa Panin, kunye V. Shuvalov oselula yaye eyinzwana. Kunjalo, inkundla iguqukela ngonozakuzaku, kakhulu ukutshintsha ngobomi bakhe. Nikita Panin "ziyaxinga" kwi yomnyango endisisigidimi Stockholm yaye ukuba uneminyaka eli-12.

Emva koko ke kuso isixeko encinane, uyadika, ukubanda kwaye ufumile. Nikita Ivanovich maseko ziphanzile. Wayifunda lukhulu, wafunda ukumkani Swedish, nto leyo eyenza iPalamente. yatshintsha imbono yakhe. Bala Panin waba lweli neNgonyama siseko, uzowenza ngenyameko neengqondi, wezopolitiko. Njengoko imibono yakhe nzulu ngezinto yiEnlightenment kubanjwa, kananjalo, waya kwisigqibo sokuba Russia ukujongana neBritani ngenxa yempembelelo kummandla iBaltic.

A siganeko entsha kwiphupha lakhe

umxhasi wakhe, nguTshansila AP Bestuzhev-Ryumin, bawela ihlazo ngo-1758, Panin Nikita Ivanovich baza barhoxa, kodwa ngequbuliso, baza yena ngo-1760 ngu-Elizabeth I-ofisi ephezulu - Utitshala Tsarevich Paul Petrovich, owayeneminyaka iminyaka esixhenxe.

Panin: Utitshala kunye namazwe

Bala Panin wafumana "isitshixo" isikhundla. Kungenzeka kuchaphazela ikamva kumkani Russian. ezininzi zange inkundla ofuna ukubona etroneni wolunye uhlanga, leyo uthelekiswa ngesimilo flighty, Peter III. Zithanda eli lizwe phantsi walawula igunya babo Paul I. Kodwa kwathi ngokwahlukileyo, wasebenzisa amandla ngoncedo lwabazalwana Orlovyh n Alekseevna.

Bala Panin inkxaso ngokupheleleyo enamabhongo umlawuli omtsha, balinqabisa umfundi wakhe yaye ubomi obuzolileyo. Ngaxeshanye, wenza imisebenzi yalo ngonozakuzaku, ndamiselwa uceba yangasese kunye leNdlu yeeNgwevu, inkundla nangoku abangenamava wezangaphandle namfama uKumkanikazi uCatherine II. Kunye naye, waba owaseka Union of the aseBalti phantsi kobunkokheli Prussia naseRashiya.

Panin - utitshala

Kuthekani ke uPawulos oselula? Hayi, yena akazange olityelweyo yi Nikita Ivanovich. Bona apha ngokunyanisekileyo omnye komnye. Panin ngokuqhula indlela avulekile uzama ukubethelela umfundi wakhe ingcamango neNgonyama siseko. Friendly, njalo silishiye imfumba iziqhulo kunye namabali ezifundisayo, osisilumko Nikita Ivanovich utyiwa Crown Prince iimfundiso wamwisela eninzi inkululeko.

Enyanisweni, yena indawo ngabazali bakhe. Le nkwenkwe omncinane ingqalelo izimvo ka Nikita Ivanovich, ukuba akazange ayithande uKumkanikazi. Kamsinya nje akuba uPawulos wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala, Panin yasuswa kwi-ofisi. Zombini: utitshala, kunye umfundi wakhe, ihlazo ngokunzulu abanamava, linempahla kamnandi. Wanikwa amawaka amane ngamakhoboka, ikhulu lamawaka engange, inkonzo yesilivere, nto leyo exabisa amawaka amahlanu engange, indlu eSt Petersburg, zokutya kunye newayini kangangonyaka, abakhonzi livery, neenqwelwana, ukwanda yonyaka imivuzo, nto leyo eyayifikelela kwi-amawaka amahlanu engange ukuba sele elinesine ekhoyo. Noko ke, Panin kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe igcinwe nempembelelo uPawulos Petrovich, ababephila icebiso lakhe.

Isizathu sokuba opals

Ngowe-1762, Nikita Ivanovich waba iprojekthi apho neNgonyama mda kuphela yi-sikhokelo engqongqo, neNdlu Yeengwevu yahlulwe amasebe leyo. Inxalenye yokuqala akazange ayithande uKumkanikazi, kwaye elide aya kukhunjulwa, kwaye eyesibini wathatha amanyathelo.

An ngonozakuzaku onamava

Noko ke, Panin wazibonakalisa ebalulekileyo kwimibandela yomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle. Phantse amabini eminyaka kunye uKumkanikazi, wayiqhubela College of Foreign Affairs. Ngowe-1763 waba lilungu esiphezulu College. indoda nokuthantamisa, bebonakala benobulali, wenjenjalo ukubetha wakhokela incoko Ukuphika bakhe bengazange beva, nokuphulaphula kuye kakuhle ephololoza intetho, iindwalutho eziphuma kwamanye amazwe silibale ngayo injongo zazo eziphambili.

Kumela rapprochement ne-Prussia kwindawo ephambili eRashiya, yena kunye uCatherine II wadala Union of ngamazwe zasentla, nto leyo babengafuni waseNgilani ( "Northern Accord"). Wamelana isahlulelo iPoland France inzuzo.

Ngowe-1765, isivumelwano sagqitywa kunye Copenhagen, ngo-1766 - isivumelwano neBritani kurhwebo. Kwiminyaka 1768-74 emva kokuba iimfazwe Russian-Turkish batshintsha ulwalathiso uCatherine II-nkqubo, kunye Panin Uyekile ukwenza eyimfuneko uKumkanikazi. Ngowe-1769, Bala Panin babandakanyeke sebali, nto ilungiselela ukubhukuqa uKumkanikazi kunye nokubekwa Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, othe wafunga ukuba bahloniphe amalungiselelo siseko umda ezasebukhosini. Le iyelenqe uyaziwa, kodwa Panin kakuhle isuswe enkundleni kunye Grand Duke. Ngowe-1780, ebudeni inkululeko of America ukusuka amazwe yaseBritani, abewenzela isibhengezo yelizwe cala. Ngowe-1781 yena umhlala ngokupheleleyo.

Umgaqo-siseko wokuqala Russian

Kwakugcwele iinxalenye ezimbini.

Kulo wokuqala, intshayelelo, echaza ukuba kutheni le lizwe kufuneka urhulumente ethobela imithetho. Kubaluleke kangakanani ephuhliswa ngawo onke amaxesha Panin Nikita Ivanovich. Imbali Russia yanamhlanje - ubungqina obucacileyo ukuchaneka iimbono nkqubo benkulungwane XVIII. Authority siphathiswe irhuluneli ukuba enze okulungileyo izifundo zakhe, umlawuli abantu kufuneka ukhethe. Oku sisiseko ngamandla - konyulo yakhe. isiseko Political yena ingqalelo ipropati yabucala. Kwaye oko imvelaphi yayo? Le Panin akazange athi, kodwa sigqibo izicacele: ilifa ngamakhoboka. Ukuba utshabalalise feudalism nokunika ukulawula, ngoko kuza kwenzeka ntoni? Siyazi impendulo yalo mbuzo ukususela 1862, kodwa ke akucaci.

Count Next Panin Nikita Ivanovich ingqiqo ecacileyo nako ukusebenza ngaphandle. Yena eboniswe phandle i header ukusuka apho kwacaca ukuba umlawuli lizwe kufuneka Orthodox, kodwa zonke ezinye iinkonzo akamxinzelela phantsi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba amalungiselelo ngokulandelelana, awayenzayo kamva uPawulos Petrovich. amalungelo Estates zaye ingakhankanywanga, kodwa kwaba isihloko. Iinkundla kufuneka benze kuphela esidlangalaleni. Irhafu yaziswa kuphela emva kokuba iingxoxo karhulumente. Lo mgaqo-siseko, emva kokufa kwakhe, yena ukudlulisela indlalifa, umfundi ayithandayo, kodwa loo nto iye sifunyenwe. Panina umzalwana, uPeter Ivanovich, ebona utshintsho isimilo uPawulos, akazange amnike uxwebhu. Ukuba yasinda amaqhekeza aseleyo kuphela ebhalwe ngu ngunobhala wakhe D. I. Fonvizinym.

Xa N. I. Panin wafa ngowe-1763 eneminyaka engama-65, ngoko ke wahlala ecaleni kwebhedi yakhe, uPawulos Petrovich Sandixhasa isandla sakhe. Kanye ngamandla, wayibeka umkhapheli wakhe ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwi ibandla St. Magdalena e Pavlovsk.

iimpawu zobuqu of Count Panin kunye namanqaku anika umdla kubomi bakhe

Uhlobo nonobubele ngemvelo, waba sybarite olukhulu. Andiqondi nokuphuma ebhedini phambi kwemini emaqanda, ungaze ungxamile, Magwalandini kakhulu kwaye yonke akazange izicengo. Yena bangangxameli, kunikwa kuye ngamakhoboka Nikita Ivanovich yahlulwa phakathi oonobhala bakhe, kuquka isabelo sakhe bafumana D. I. Fonvizin, ekuchubekeni elizayo.

I N. I. Panina, umthandi ukutya ezilungileyo ezi abapheki ilungileyo phakathi komzi. Noko ke, yena ngokwakhe angathatha ekulungiseleleni nokutya: ukupheka iimbatyisi utywala aqhumisele ngokwakho ngexesha cuff. Kodwa akazange abe sempilweni kusasa, yaye uyadana ngokuhlwa emva iivatala isidlo. Nditshatile, yena wayengekho, kodwa ukunyamekela kwisiqingatha entle uluntu kunye ukuzonwabisa. Ukongeza, yena Mason.

Ngokuba thina, inzala yakhe, Bala Panin wahlala kwimemori njengento ngonozakuzaku obalaseleyo onikhuphileyo inzuzo enkulu eRashiya Wazomeleza kwindawo yawo phakathi kwamazwe yasentshona.