Yintoni MAT nendlela States basisishunqulelo?

Moscow Art Theatre ogama emva M. Gorky - enye yokubonela abaziwayo, abadumileyo nezaziwayo kwilizwe lethu. umlawuli Artistic ke umdlali odumileyo Tatiana Doronin.

MAT

Yintoni MAT? Le yenye zemiboniso ikomkhulu likaThixo. Bonke abathanda theatre art, Kakade, uyazazi ezi zincwadi ezigcine. MAT yasekwa ngo-1898. imvelaphi yakhe KS Stanislavsky and V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. amaxesha yeqonga eziliqela yatshintsha igama layo. Ekuqaleni yayibizwa Art yeqonga karhulumente, 1901 wafumana igama Moscow Art Theatre, kwaye waziwa ngokuba Moscow Art Theatre ngo-1919. Ziqonde izifinyezo - Moscow Art Academic Theatre.

History of Theatre Birthday

Juni 19, 1897 at yokutyela "Slavic Bazaar" yabamba intlanganiso KS Stanislavsky and V. Nemirovich-Danchenko, apho kuxoxwa ngomba udale i theatre ezintsha ayahambisana imigaqo ngokwesiseko apho wayesebenza e-Paris "Free Theatre" A. Antoine and Berlin theatre "Free Stage" O uthole. Lo ngendlela entsha ngokupheleleyo yokwenza, apho yonke into njengoko zinjalo, ngaphandle declamations yimikhuba affectedness. Kwakhona okuthiwa benza yeqonga efikelelekayo, oko kukuthi, ukuba amaxabiso itikiti okwanele, yaye naliphi na ilungu yabasebenzi kungathatha ubuhle. Ngoko ke wonke Art Theatre (MAT) zadalwa.

Ngowe-1901, igama elithi "uluntu" isusiwe igama kuba amaxabiso itikiti kwanyanzeleka ukuba kuvuswa, ukuba uDuma wala ngemali le projekthi, kunye nokhathalelo eziphathekayo kucingwe zabemi kunabo. UMlawuli kunye umphathi waba VN Nemirovich-Danchenko, kunye KS Stanislavsky zidityanisiwe indawo kumlawuli kunye kwisikhundla sokuba ngumlawuli oyintloko. Qembu abafundi kugaywa abaye owafunda ukwenza Nemirovich-Danchenko, kunye nabadlali nezo zingaqeqeshwanga zobungcali owayedlala yimveliso ye Stanislavsky.

Ukuveliswa yokuqala kwakungu nentlekele zikaTolstoy "Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich", nto leyo wazingqina phenomenally yimpumelelo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza wamthanda kunye nabaphulaphuli. Ekupheleni kuka-1898 kwenzeka i "Inqina" okomhlaba AP YaseChekhov, abaqalise leyo kamva waba kaHomer. Le Teatrika mncinane luya, original, ngqindilili kunye eliqaqambileyo. De 1905, yaba nkulu yayiquka imidlalo ngo- ababhali abo ngexesha le yeqonga kuphela: AK Tolstoy, AP YaseChekhov, AM Kukrakra, H. Ibsen, yaye kamva zangamawele, zithabathela kunye nokwenziwa yamandulo. Ngowe-1906, kutyelelo lwakhe lokuqala amazwe waya Moscow Art Theatre qembu (zokucazulula igama lakhe elinikwe apha ngasentla).

Isakhiwo theatre

Ufinyezo MAT wavela na kwaoko, ekuqaleni ukuba ilahlekelwa unobumba "A" kwaye nkundla ngokuba eMoscow Art Theatre. Kude 1902 qembu akazange abe kwisakhiwo sabo, nokwenziwa baboniswa kwigumbi eziqeshiweyo kunye igumbi nezihlalo 815. Gcina litshona, izinxibo, lo mculo zize kuququzelela oomasifundisane kwakungekho ndawo, ngoko kwabakho imfuneko ukutshintsha igumbi. Iimali ukwakhiwa ayibanga MAT akukho ngemali ngurhulumente kwaye ahlawulwa irente ukuya kumnini wesakhiwo. Apho ke phezu imali efunyenwe imirhumo ezivela ukuthengiswa kwamatikiti kwaye ndawo. Omnye kwabo imali kwindawo yokubonela, yaba Morozov odumileyo, ngubani wathabatha kamva ngokupheleleyo phezu mali le Moscow Art Theatre. Ekhathalele sokuqeshisa kwesakhiwo esitsha, nokuhlaziywa yayo kunye nezixhobo. Summer of 1902, kanye iinyanga ezintathu phantsi kwe nkundla yakhiwe indlu Lianozov apho nkampani yafudukela ekwindla ka-1902. Kwisakhiwo esitsha iholo lwenzelwe 1,200 ababukeli, le ndawo yaba mayixhotyiswe turntable, yaye ngaphantsi oko wahambisa kwiivenkile capacious ngemihombiso. Umkhusane esenziwa ngokuwatshibiliza endaweni ukufukuka, yaye edume Umfuziselo adumileyo Moscow Art Theatre - ingabangaba, ngaphezu amaza leyo andizele phezulu.

leSoviet

Ukususela ngo 1906 yemidlalo waqalisa yayinzima ngenxa ingxabano phakathi Stanislavsky kunye Nemirovich-Danchenko. Ngenxa yoko, bala co-yimveliso, nangona umsantsa wayengekho ngokumanyene zabo zokuyila. Ngowe-1919, i qembu, obehamba tour kuzo zonke izixeko yephondo, wanqanyulwa eMoscow ngenxa War Civil, yaye emva koko kwanyanzeleka ukuba aye kwelinye ilizwe, yaye kuphela ngo-1921 bakwazi ukubuyela.

Ngowe-1920 yemidlalo wanyuselwa isikhundla yezemfundo, kwaye endaweni wabonakala MAT MAT segama.

1922 kwaphawulwa kukuba yinxalenye qembu lwe abadlali, elikhokelwa K. Stanislavsky, kwiminyaka emibini waquqa eYurophu, wagqiba ukuhlala kwelinye ilizwe, engafuni ukuba abuyele USSR. Ngowe-1923, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko waba ngokuhlanganisa qembu, njengoko K. S. Stanislavsky wayekholelwa ukuba abadlali baye balahlekelwa umphefumlo, akusekho kufuna ukuphuhlisa, kananjalo izinto esixakekileyo, bawuphanga imirhumo ezinkulu yaye baba ukuzithemba kakhulu. abadlali abaninzi sele ithathwe ezintsha abatsha, kwaba negalelo kuphuhliso Moscow Art Theatre.

Yaba nkulu ye kwindawo engundoqo sathathwa umdlalo bemidlalo yexesha, nangona imisebenzi classical nayo wathabatha ndawo, ngenxa zomsebenzi zabo ezintsha. Emiboniso edume kakhulu kwexesha baba 'Days of turbines "," vehicles Train 14-69 "," uSuku Crazy okanye Ukuhlanganiswa Figaro. " Ngo-1930, umahluko phakathi noVladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko ne KS Stanislavski wafika kumda, yaye ngowe-1934 wayishiya Moscow Art Theatre Stanislavski.

Ngowe-1932 le ndawo kwakungu igama Maksima Gorkogo wanikwa, baphantsi koxanduva ukubandakanya kwi repertoire imisebenzi yakhe.

Emva kokufa VN Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Art Theatre wabaleka iBhunga Arts.

Kwiminyaka 1950-1960 ndawo kwakungu busezingxakini, ukunqongophala umlawuli eziphambili kukhokelele kwinto yokuba abalawuli ngokwabo abadlali, ngenxa yokuba isininzi nemidlalo baba zexeshana, abaphulaphuli akwanelanga, ukuthandwa lawa, kwaye ubutshaba nemibutho waba ngukumkani.

Ngowe-1970, ibhunga kwezobugcisa waqeshwa kwisikhundla sokuba ngumlawuli oyintloko O. Efremov, uphefumlayo ubomi obutsha endaweni yokubonela, abaqalise uthotho ngendlela ebalaseleyo, qembu ezihlaziyiweyo. Xa kwafika ndwa le Moscow Art Theatre kaThixo. Into kuphela ukuba angabi nako boyise - imeko kweli qela, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kwakukho qembu yahlula kwiinkampu-2, iyileyo waba repertoire yalo kunye nomlawuli walo.

Moscow Art Theatre. AP yaseChekhov

Kungekudala lwanamathela kubini qembu yajika yeqonga ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ngenxa eMoscow waba ezimbini Moscow Art Theatre. Ngamnye kubo nenkokeli yalo. Yintoni na le Moscow Art Theatre ogama AP YaseChekhov? Le yenye zemiboniso ezimbini, wabumba uqhekeko. Theatre ogama AP YaseChekhov ekhokelwa Oleg Efremov. Ngo-2000, emva kokufa kwakhe, waba intloko Oleg Tabakov, umnini we-ofisi namhlanje. Ngenxa kuye, sihlaziywe yaba nkulu, nto leyo lusekelwe elusindisweni ngemisebenzi classical ngoku. Waza wababoleka inkampani. Namhlanje, phakathi abadlali ze yeqonga kukho ezifana amagama indumasi K. Habensky, M. Porechenkov kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngo-2004, igama yeqonga wanyamalala ileta "A", gama elo elithetha "kwizifundo", kwaye ngoku ibizwa ngokuba Moscow Art Theatre ogama emva yaseChekhov. Nangona igama elisemthethweni akawatshintshi loo manqaku, oku kungatshintshwa kuphela kwimifanekiso. Yeyiphi namhlanje kuthetha (njengoko eliguqulelwa) MAT? Oku kuyafana ne phambi yeqonga liwa - Moscow Art Academic Theatre. Le ibekwe kwi Chamberlain lane.

Theatre Doroninoj

Yintoni na le Moscow Art Theatre ogama emva M. Gorky? Le yeqonga wesibini, emva liqhekeke 1987. Yena songeza oko Tatiana Doronin. Njani na uzimisele le Moscow Art Theatre ogama emva M. Gorky? Impendulo ilula gqitha: Moscow Art Academic Theatre ogama emva Maksima Gorkogo. Kubhaliwe ibekwe kwi Abakwenzayo Boulevard. MAT esebenzayo T. Doronina ngqo kwizithethe ezithe zabakho kuloo xesha Stanislavsky. Eqongeni zentlanganiso ngamaceba classical kunye izakugcinwa ngokusa Nemirovich-Danchenko. Le ngumfuziselo Moscow Art Theatre ogama emva M. Gorky i nesihuluhulu wafukama phezu amaza.

School-Studio

Yintoni na le Moscow Art Theatre School-Studio? Eli ziko lemfundo ephakamileyo, evulekileyo kwi Theatre ogama AP YaseChekhov. Apha ukulungiselela abadlali elizayo, abalawuli, kunye nabavelisi. Vula isikolo studio ngo-1943 oko kulinyathelo Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. iinyanga ezi-6 emva kokufa kwakhe, isikolo igama emva kwakhe. Le nkundla college yenye edumileyo, nabadumileyo kweli lizwe, kukho kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ngenxa yokhuphiswano olukhulu. Umzekelo, njengababambeleyo isebe ukhuphiswano imalunga 30 abantu ndawo. Phakathi abaphumelele le Moscow Art Theatre School ogama emva VN Nemirovich-Danchenko, kukho inani elikhulu abadlali abaziwayo: L. Bronevoy, E. Evstigneev, T. Doronin, O. Basilashvili, A. Filozov, uVladimir Vysotsky, N. Karachentsov, E. Proklova, A ibhola, Mironov kunye nabanye.

Yaba nkulu le Moscow Art Theatre ogama emva M. Gorky

Abaphulaphuli, ubuncinane kanye batyelela Moscow Art Theatre, kuba inkoliso ikhefu inxalenye ingxelo ngehlombe kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, amazwi banconywa ixilongo kwidilesi ye abadlali, abalawuli, abahombisa. Ngelo yemidlalo imidlalo umdla, zombini bamandulo mihla, leyo, kwiimeko ezininzi, kuthandwa kakhulu noluntu. Xa yaba nkulu kukho kwakhona izinto ezenziwa kubantwana, nto leyo kutyelelwa njengentsapho.

Namhlanje, phakathi kweemveliso elidume kakhulu:

• "Blue Bird";
• "Chocolate Isosha";
• "Mfundisi noMargarita";
• "Romeo and Juliet";
• "Vaudeville Russian";
• "Hamlet";
• "Vassa Zheleznov" kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, akukho namnye akukho mbuzo, njengoko nqwelo (njengoko evakalayo) MAT.

inkampani

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kule nkundla abadlali ngaphezu kwama-60. 18 kubo isihloko "Artist abazukileyo Russia" kunye 13 - isihloko "Artist Abantu of Russia".

Ngoko ke namhlanje ivela kuthi MAT, ngoonobumba yonke ezama elijongeka "Moscow Art Academic Theatre."