Iziseko Pre-olululo umthetho eRussia

Imithetho komthetho - sisiseko sokwakha inkoliso ubudlelwane ezikhoyo kwaye unxibelelwano phakathi kwamalungu oluntu, amazwe kunye nemibutho. Kuyinto abo izikhombisi eziyintloko ngempucuko apho ebomini kuxhomekeke imithetho ethile. Ubukhulu becala, ezisisiseko banyanisile ngomlinganiselo egqiba ukuvuthwa kunye nokusebenza kukarhulumente kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Bavele ekuqaleni kwembali, kwaye iye yaba luphawu ibalulekileyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iqondo uxanduva kunye nobungakanani inkululeko yabantu.

Kwilizwe lethu, imbali ikhona, isiseko ekunene afumana metamorphoses. Ekuqaleni eRashiya, kwakunye nayiphi na elinye ilizwe, kukhokelwa izithethe zoluntu yezizwe. Hayi nezobundlobongela ingqalelo, umzekelo, uDlamini igazi okanye ukubulala commoner. Basics Criminal Law of karhulumente Russian okokuqala ezifumaneka ekuthiwa-"Inyaniso Russian", nto leyo malunga phakathi XI-XII iinkulungwane. Umahluko phakathi ulwaphulo-mthetho embambano nawolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ayikho kuso, yaye nayiphi na ngoomabonw lalibizwa ngokuthi "ukuthuka ', ukusuka apho siyakwazi ukubona ukuba isohlwayo kwavavanywa ngakumbi kwinqanaba ngokweemvakalelo kunokuba zomthetho.

Nophuhliso karhulumente kunye nokutshintsha lwesakhiwo yoluntu yabonakala kunye nezixhobo eziphuculiweyo, kuquka yomthetho XV phakathi - ekuqaleni XVI kwiinkulungwane Conciliar I-Code kwinkulungwane ye XVII, kwakunye uPetros emkhosini Ukumakisha, leyo ingaqatshelwa Code lokuqala Criminal. Kolu xwebhu la macala yahlulwe yaba inani eliphunguliweyo lweendidi, wazisa ingqiqo ulwaphulo-mthetho ubengenanzondo, ecandwe izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho kumntu kwaye kurhulumente ngokubanzi. Oku kulapho kuqala wathetha kwimfuneko ukucacisa ezibangela ukufa kudaleka ezingaqondakaliyo.

Imithetho komthetho usapho kwilizwe lethu nabo baye kakhulu ngendlela elide. Pre-Christian Russia ukuba yayikhokelwe izithethe zamandulo. Imithetho zomthetho kule ndawo ziboniswe kwi "Kormchaia" - iguqulelwe izicatshulwa ngokwendlela le iinkosana Byzantine. Le esondweni senziwa ngenkulungwane XI yaye, ngokungafaniyo isebe yamaKatolika of Christianity, Rus Orthodox wavumela ithuba mtshato.

Imitshato kunye nabameli bezinye iicawa ziye zavalwa. Ngoko ayimangalisi, kodwa umfazi yamandulo Rus ingaba impahla bunini. Njengoko ulwalamano phakathi kooyise nabantwana, kweli xesha semthethweni imvelaphi umntwana akazange abe ukubaluleka kakhulu, ngokuchaseneyo ulawulo kamva phakathi kwenkulungwane XVII, xa umgqakhwe abazange baqaphele nokuba abazali batshate emva kokuzalwa kwakhe.

Njengesiseko amalungelo mthetho, ubudlelwane ntsapho zicwangciswe xesha uPetros. Yaba ngeli xesha komeleza indima izimiso wempangelo, ziboniswe kwi-Code of Laws of the Empire Russian. A indima ebalulekileyo inikwa umtshato ngokuzithandela. Orthodox Ungaqala intsapho kunye nabameli bezinye iimvaba zamaKristu, ukwandisa umda ubudala, emva koko kwenzeka ukuba umyeni okanye inkosikazi. Ukuba amantombazana owayetshatile ngaphambili ingaba engu-13 kunye namakhwenkwe engama-15, Code of kukhankanywa 16 no-18, ngokulandelelana kwazo. namandla angenasiphelo umntu uba ephucukile ngakumbi. Ukususela phakathi XI kwinkulungwane yeshumi othintela isohlwayo emzimbeni abafazi kunye nabantwana.