Wabaseki Odessa: imbali lomzi, ezikhumbuzo kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Ihlabathi nzima isixeko ngokufanayo Odessa phezu incasa olungathethekiyo yobomi bakhe. Oku kuzibonakalisa -ngenxa indalo esemazantsi, izakhiwo kwesi sixeko, zodonga yokudibanisa iisampulu ezahlukahlukeneyo ngeendlela. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo, Kakade ke, abantu bayo - ngokupheleleyo abantu ezikhethekileyo ebizwa Odessites, ethetha kuphela yena uphawu lolwimi "Odessa". waliseka Ngubani lo isixeko esikunxweme eluhlaza oLwandle Omnyama ehlabathini?

kuye kube elide kangakanani!

Ethetha ngendlela esemagqabini, abaqali wokwenene Odessa - akufani Duc de Richelieu nelikhulu Prince G. A. Potomkin, ngubani wothulelw Luzuko olo. Abemi yokuqala Odessa yaba ookhokho bethu eqhelekileyo - abemi Paleolithic, ogama yokupaka abembi ingafumana elunxwemeni elisentshona Gulf of Kuyalnik. Emva kwabo BC yokuqala kwiwaka e Odessa bay iilwandle zibonakala yokuphumla kwisizwe Cimmerians. Zizinto ezimbini ezinesiqingatha kwiminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo yatshintsha amaSkitiya, nayo njengelanga namaza lindanda phezu koLwandle Black.

Kodwa ke imithetho yomlando nesele. Yaye kungekudala ezi savages khutshelwa ngaphandle ngoo- amaGrike, ukuze sazi xa ixesha lonke -ngomtsalane impucuko ophezulu. Ukudala iindawo kwi Luzanovka ekhoyo kunye Port de Commerce into (okanye, ukuba nje, iindawo zokuhlala zabasebenzi), oonyana Hellas wahlala apho de AD ngenkulungwane II. Kwakhona ushiye intsimi ebanzi umsebenzi zakudala mihla. Kodwa iye yanyamalala kwezi ndawo ngaphandle kokuya kwi imbali wabaseki Odessa. Luzuko bayifumene.

I abanemvume kunye nabalinganiswa zabo

KumaXesha Aphakathi kule ndawo yonke enkulu ezikufutshane Odessa bay, ngokuphindaphindiweyo yaba namaxhoba nabanqobi amazwe. Apha, nezizwe yamandulo Slavic Ulichi kulawulwa ixeshana kunye Tivertsy, itshayelwe phezu kwabo aweza ukubola, waya kufika kubo esandleni karhataka Great Duchy of Lithuania. De ekugqibeleni, ngenkulungwane XVIII, kungekhona ixesha ulawulo Ottoman.

Ephakamileyo Order of Mother uKumkanikazi

Apho namhlanje rustle Acacia ngaselwandle Boulevard, kanye wamisa inqaba Turkish Yeni Dunya, ngubani ngelishwa abaye ukutsala ingqalelo I. jikelele V. Gudovicha, leyo emayilandelwe ka1789 esemantloko umkhosi IsiRashiya ukuya Bender. iqembu layo advanced phantsi umyalelo Count uYosefu de Ribas Jose wathimba kwinqaba iShushan ekuseni ngoSeptemba 13, ukuvimbela abathembekileyo ukugqiba umthandazo wakusasa, wangena enqabeni kwenani neembasa Russian-Turkish imfazwe ka 1787-1791.

kweminyaka emibini emva kokuba yasayinwa iSivumelwano Jassy, awawabeka ukuphela kwemfazwe. Ngokutsho xwebhu, phantsi intonga Russian wemka intsimi enkulu, ekuthiwa New Russia. Inxalenye yawo wasentshona, kunxweme Sea Black, i-uKumkanikazi uCatherine II wakhupha umyalelo ngoMeyi 27, 1794 wayalelwa ukuba baqale ukwakha isixeko, kwainqaba nezibuko. Ngenxa yoko, linenxeba lalo usiba basebukhosini wafumana ilungelo lokuba ubomi kulo mzi ikhethekileyo.

Igama inikwa kuzalwa

Abaseki bayo umsebenzi Odessa waqalisa kanye kwiinyanga ezintathu. Igoqo lokuqala ezibethelelwe emhlabeni ngaphambi inkonzo emisiweyo kunye ofefa ngamanzi angcwele. Efuna ukunika isixeko elizayo uchazo yaseYurophu ngokwenene, uKumkanikazi wathuma iprojekthi ukwakhiwa injineli Dutch kunye umyili Fransua De Vollanu, wangena inkonzo Russian ngo-1787 phantsi ukusekelwa unozakuzaku Russian kwi The Hague.

Ngoko ke wavula ihlabathi xa iintsana ukuzalwa kwakhe kuphela banikwa amagama, kodwa wonke umzi. Konyaka emva kokuqalisa kokwakhiwa usana ilitye waba ngowokuqala ukuba igama lakhe lokwenyani - Odessa ezenzeka njengoko abaphandi bakholelwa, ukususela igama lomnye isixeko samandulo yesiGrike Odessos, owake waba kancinci ukuya ngasempuma, elunxwemeni langoku Tylihul Estuary.

Deribas - umsunguli Odessa

City, owazalwa yomthetho uKumkanikazi, yakhiwa phantsi kweliso ngqo omnye Amaqhawe ngexesha Catherine, uSekela Admiral Iosifa De Ribas, namaqhawe angamakroti kakhulu ukuba kanye ngoko nangoko wathabatha inqaba Turkish Yeni Dunya. induna Spanish ngokuzalwa, ebesoloko eziqhutywa lunxano phambili amazwe, waphila eliqaqambileyo ubomi ezele adventures Amazing nezingasetyenziswa sebali ayikho iinoveli adventure efanayo.

Njengoko umsunguli Odessa kunye sodolophu yayo yokuqala, de Ribas immortalized igama lakhe kwisihloko kwisitrato esikhulu Deribasovskaya. Injalo loo nto, xa ilizwi, ngaphandle kwemingxuma isimaphambili yeengcungcu French "de", bakubiza Odessa. Le lesikhumbuzo yamnika udumo lo mntu abahlali sixeko ziye zasekwa ngo-1994, kuphelelwe ukuze lingqamane ekubhiyozeleni bicentenary balo mzi.

Second Odessa iMeya

Xa ngo-1803 de Ribas sakhutshelwa eSt Petersburg, kwi-ofisi yakhe nandawo obutofotofo ibekwe kunye neekota abahlala ecaleni, usodolophu, naye waya ezantsi imbali nguyise Odessa. Akuzange odumileyo ngaphantsi kuneyokuqala, luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi de Richelieu - intshisakalo French, bafika emva French Revolution inkonzo Russian. nengcwaba lakhe umqhele i Potemkin Izinyuko, waba uhlobo lwalawo yesixeko.

Duke waba smart kakhulu kunye nomlawuli abanetalente. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe (1803-1815 gg.) Xa isixeko olwenziwe wokwakha, kukho izitalato ezintsha ezininzi yaxhuzulwa imiyezo, wakha Orthodox namaKatolika, indlu yesikhungu, enqabeni yomkhosi, kwimarike, izikolo evulelekileyo kwaye wadala ichibi amanzi acocekileyo, ngelo xesha ke afanelekileyo kakhulu.

Iziqhamo kwiBhodi abantu abaqotho

Ngenxa kobunkokheli bakhe izilumko, e Odessa, ezifana ndawo enye, indawo evumayo ukuba uphuhliso lorhwebo. Phezu kwamagunya ebanzi ephathiswe kuye Alexander I, umseki yesibini Odessa Duke (Duke) de Richelieu kwaba smart ngokwaneleyo ukuze lokuyigxotha le local commerce lokukhulisa yolawulo encinane, eshiya yomthengisi ukukhetha indlela elula ukuphuhlisa ishishini labo. Ngaloo besondela kuwo umzi inani elikhulu noosomashishini Russian kunye angaphandle, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, kunye amantloko azo.

La madoda mabini, wabaseki Odessa - Vice Admiral Joseph de Ribas, kwaye Duc de Richelieu - wadala umzi ube nje kuphela kwiziko yezoqoqosho neyenkcubeko New Russia, kodwa kananjalo iinqaba enamandla kuLwandle Black, kungekhona ibali zonke ibonakalisa uhlaselo yotshaba.

Niyazi ukuphana Bala Langeron

Ngowe-1815, usodolophu Odessa wathabatha ndawo enye Andisafanele ngaphantsi mntu - Bala Alexander Fedorovich Langeron. igama lakhe, egubungele ngozuko ezindongeni kaIshmayeli, kwi uhlaselo leyo yathabatha inxaxheba ecaleni A. V. Suvorovym. Bexesha kubonisiwe, ngaphandle nenkalipho lithemba, umgangatho wakhe olona ukupha kunyanzeleka ukuba ukwabelana neyona malana yokugqibela nakubani, ngubani ngaba akwazicelela.

Ukuba ilungelo mzi iminyaka engamashumi phantse iimpahla yokungenisa umsebenzi-free (duty-free imo port), yena uyatyetyiswa obungathethekiyo zakhe, kodwa wemka emva kokufa iindlalifa indlu encinane kunye ifama phantse zonakale. E Odessa, ebudeni iminyaka Alexander Fedorovich wabonakala Botanical Garden kunye neepaki eziliqela, sipapasha iphephandaba yokuqala esixekweni, yazivula iingcango zalo Richelieu Lyceum, ezaba yesibini eRashiya emva odumileyo Tsarskoye Selo.

glitz City ubomi obutofotofo

Kwixesha elizayo, kumnyele elizukileyo nooSodolophu wajoyina i-Prince Mihail Sergeevich Vorontsov. Enkosi kuye, Odessa ufumene isilungiseleli seglosi yeengcungcu. Ukuba umbuso omkhulu yokuba kulwalamano kunye ngabafo eliphezulu Russia kunye iNgilani, waba nako ukutsala kwisixeko amalungu amaninzi amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu kunye nabo, ndingenabo obam igama elikhulu, ukuba kunjalo urhulumente esiqinileyo. Le prince wanceda umfazi wakhe - intshisakalo Polish sisidwangube Bronitskaya. Ngenxa uqhagamshelwano kwayo Odessa evela ePoland bafudukela ezininzi iintsapho zizityebi.

Oku kuye kwabangela ukuba impumelelo engakumbi commerce, ukuvela zemiboniso amatsha zokutyela. Ukuchuma evela urhwebo okuziinkozo kunye namanye amacandelo esi sixeko rhoqo kwandiswa kwaye axhotyiswe zezi mini. Ukufeza ukwandiswa umsebenzi-ivideo ezibuko omnye iminyaka elishumi, Prince Vorontsov eyenziwe Odessa inkulu Udederhu lweeVenkile e zantsi eRashiya.

imemori ukungonakali ekusekweni Odessa

Ngo-2007, Catherine Square yesixeko kwakhona 1900, zakhiwe kwaye ngabunye ngexesha lesikhumbuzo eSoviet ukuya wabaseki Odessa. Ukubunjwa nomkroli M. P. Popova oyintsobi yalowo uCatherine II eyaphakanyiselwa koseko ephakamileyo, yaye emi kule esisekweni amaqabane zakhe ezine,. Phakathi kwabo - esele zikhankanywe de Ribas, kwakunye amanani abaziwayo ixesha G. A. Potomkin, de Volan kunye PA Zubov. Ngamnye kubo bashiya uphawu yawo kwimbali mzi.

Yaba isiganeko ebalulekileyo kubomi benkcubeko lali. Odessa imisebenzi ngokubanzi kakhulu esisityebi omkhulu iinkosi kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo namhlanje. Abaninzi kubo zibonakaliswa yobuciko. Oku isikhumbuzo Duke de Richelieu, elihombise a Boulevard ngaselwandle Prince Vorontsov e Cathedral Square, imbongi Polish Adam Mickiewicz ekuqaleni Alexander Avenue kunye nabanye abaninzi, isihombo Odessa.

Nangona isibakala sokuba imbali uye walilondoloza amagama kuphela abo, ngenxa yemeko yentlalo kunye esemthethweni zazo zibe nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kunye nophuhliso, umseki lokwenyaniso lesixeko Odessa ekhumbula - abo ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini eyadlulayo, ngezandla zabo ukudalile oko kunxweme ilanga womoji-zonka oLwandle Black. Umsebenzi wabo wazalwa ummangaliso, azukiswe iimbongi ezininzi, iye ekhaya kubantu abaninzi emangalisayo. Yeyona abantu - ngunozala lokwenene Odessa. Imbali umzi - ubungqina boku.