Imbali Brazil: izibakala umdla nemicimbi ephambili

Imbali ye iBrazil endle umdla kakhulu ukuhlola. Kweli lizwe ezinkulu eMzantsi Merika kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, iindidi inkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, oko umdla ezele ezahlukeneyo izibakala imbali Brazil. Ngokufutshane ngayo iza kuxoxwa kolu phononongo.

Brazil phambi lokufumanisa ngabantu baseYurophu

Imbali Brazil phambi kokuvulwa baseYurophu yayo wafunda mgangathweni njengoko siza ebekuthanda. Country kuhlala ngezizwe ezahlukeneyo Indian: buthi, nawemithendeleko, guazhazhara, Mundurucu, zaseMatupi, njalo ngokusisiseko ibizezamandulo uqoqosho ephila kwaye semi-ephila .. Nangona kwakukho izityalo zolimo, umzekelo, kwi Marajó Island.

Yaye ngaba le zezizwe Indiya of Brazil kwixesha pre-koloniyalizim lowo ongazanga kufutshane kwinqanaba ekudalweni karhulumente yabo.

Ukufika umlungu Brazil

Ngokupheleleyo zatshintsha imbali Brazil, emva kokuvulwa zaseYurophu. Okokuqala wavula ilizwe ukuze Old yeHlabathi mkhankaso IsiPhuthukezi Pedro Alvares Cabral, bafika emdeni Brazil mihla ngo-1500. Le ndawo Cabral ebizwa Umhlaba Vera Cruz (Cross True), kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuba uqambe Land of Santa Cruz (Cross Holy). Kamva got igama "Brazil", ngokutsho igama elinye imithi ikhula apha. Ukongeza, le discoverer imihlaba emitsha isekelwe yokubonisela encinane - Fort Seger, bona bubonakala ibe yindawo ekhuselekileyo.

Ukuze oku umhambi eBrazil sifike amaphulo amaninzi aseYurophu. Amaninzi eli lizwe waqalisa ukutyelela Portuguese, ukuze baqonde oko imali oko anazo yaye oko kuzisa isithsaba Portuguese. Ukongeza, ezi mazwe baye ingqalelo kukwahlukana Portuguese zehlabathi ngo-1494 phakathi Portugal ne Spain.

yobukoloniyali Brazil

Kodwa abafudukayo abasisigxina ePortugal eBrazil baqalisa ukuhlala kuphela ngo-1530. San Vicente yasekwa (1532) kunye Salvador (1549). Le yokugqibela yaba liziko lolawulo koloni.

Kungekudala Brazil uza kuba liziko imveliso umoba. Thina ukuhlakulela lo isityalo, ikakhulu kukuninzi amazwe kwamakhoboka abamnyama.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XVII i IsiPhuthukezi ngubani omiweyo eBrazil, kwafuneka ukuba silwe idabi enzima kunye Dutch, naye athi ukuba ube yinxalenye yale mimandla. Ukongeza, le ndawo Portuguese wandise nommandla wayo emhlabeni.

umbuso

Emva kokuba nabaphumi-French uMlawuli uNapoleon ahlala ummandla Portugal, i-Portuguese Korol Zhuan VI bawela nawo enkundleni yakhe eBrazil, apho wayehlala eRio de Janeiro. Njani na eBrazil, akazange aye kule nyathelo - ayaziwa, kodwa enye into icacile; yaba sisiqalo ixesha entsha kwimbali yawo, xa yayeka ukuba ikoloni.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nkqu nasemva kokuba onyulwe UNapoleon Joao VI akazange afune ukubuyela ukusuka eBrazil eLisbon. Wakwenza oko kuphela 1821, phantsi kwengcinezelo izangqa isiPhuthukezi yeengcungcu. E Brazil, washiya unyana wakhe Pedro kwi ubume Viceroy. Kodwa xa ipalamente Portuguese wazama ukutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo ukuzimela waseBrazil, uPedro wala ukuhambisa kwaye yazibeka umlawuli. Ukususela ngalo mzuzu iqala imbali countdown of Brazil karhulumente.

Xa ngo-1826 i-Portuguese Korol Zhuan VI uyise Brazilian uMlawuli Pedro wafa mna, unyana wala ukuba kumkani Portugal, washiya itrone lizwe ngenxa intombi yakhe encinane. Noko ke, umzalwana wakhe Miguel yanqoba nomtshana. Ngoko ke, Pedro I asiyeke itrone saseBrazil egameni lonyana wakhe usana Pedro II, waza yena waya Portugal ukubiza ukuthatha uxanduva.

Phantsi woMlawuli Pedro II of Brazil waba igunya namandla, ekwaziyo ndamgqibela iimeko zabo kwilizwekazi. Ngexesha Empire kwakukho yokuqhelanisa obungcali woshishino lizwe kunye kulinywa ummoba xa kulinywa ikofu. Ubukhoboka liya benikwa kuphela imvelaphi de ekugqibeleni wavalwa 1888.

ukusekwa republic

Noko ke, nangona yimpumelelo likarhulumente, imbali Brazil lwakhawuleza litshintshile kakhulu. Ilizwe liya kukhula amandla awomeleleyo republic. Ngowe-1889, uMlawuli Pedro II wahliswa kwi ubhedu ngaphandle kwegazi. Brazil yaba yiriphabliki federal.

Ithuba ukususela ngowe-1889 ukuya 1930 ngokuba Republic Old. Kweli xesha xesha kweli lizwe kwakukho uthotho neziphithiphithi, ingakumbi imvukelo kwi Navy (1893-1894 gg.) Yaye canudos mvukelo (1896-1897 gg.). Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ngokusesikweni Brazil wenza kwicala le Entente, kodwa yinto uncedo ngempela engephi.

Ixesha ka zwilakhe

Ngowe-1930, The Old Republic iye phantse ziphelisiwe ngenxa mdibi beza amandla amandla ezopolitiko ekhokelwa Getulio Vargas. Ekuqaleni, ibhodi Vargas iye yamkela uthotho imithetho ngcembe, kuquka i-siseko, kwakunye abafazi banikwa ilungelo lokuvota. Kodwa ke kolawulo kungekudala iimpawu zinkuni kunye zwilakhe ezifunyenwe. Vargas laphuthuma kulaa imikhosi eliphikisayo, kwaye ngo-1937 ibhengeze imo yonxunguphalo, lichithakale Congress wamisa de facto nguzwilakhe.

Nangona urhulumente Vargas kuhlobo yayifana lwamaNazi ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, waba kwi anti-uHitler manyano kunye laseBrazil wathuma amajoni ukuya ngaphambili.

Emva kwemfazwe, Vargas kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukurhoxa. I Republic Second lasekwa, apho umongameli owayesakuba ngumphathiswa yokhuselo phantsi Vargas Eurico Gaspar Dutra. Kwakhona, umgaqo-siseko omtsha wavunywa. Ngowe-1951, Vargas weza amandla kwakhona, ngoku njengomongameli riphablik yolawulo lwentando yesininzi, kodwa ngowe-1954 phantsi kweemeko twisisaka, waba wazibulala.

Umongameli elilandelayo Zhuselinu Kubichek ethutha inkunzi ngokukodwa kwakhiwa le njongo, umzi - Brazil.

Ngowe-1964, mbho-, ngexesha apho gaba zomkhosi bababamba amandla kweli lizwe. Olu lawulo kwezopolitiko ngegqudu waze 1985.

Wesimanje Isigaba

Kodwa kwiminyaka yee-80s, kwaye kwacaca ukuba angabi nako ukuphuhlisa kakuhle kwihlabathi mihla ngexesha elinye, Brazil. imbali yeli lizwe kwakhona kwatshintsha ngowe-1985 xa uxinzelelo wamajoni abantu banyanzeleka ukuba ukunikezela amandla. bekubanjwe unyulo Democratic, ngexesha apho electors abanyulwe umongameli Tancredo de Almeida Nevis, kungekudala wafa. umsebenzi wakhe waqalisa ukwenza uSekela Mongameli José Sarney. A-siseko omtsha wavunywa ngo 1988.

Ngowe-1989, lo kuqala ukususela kunyulo 1960 kuzwelonke kamongameli. Bona yinina Fernando Collor. Noko ke, kwiminyaka emibini kamva ke wabekwa urhwaphilizo kunye impeach naye. Loo ezimanyumnyezi ebahleleyo sele ngo-2016 uMongameli Dilma Rousseff. ezihlangwini lakhe Michelle Timer.

Okwangoku, Brazil lelinye lamazwe kwezoqoqosho ezanda ehlabathini. Ukongeza, loo nto phakathi kwamazwe amahlanu inkulu kwaye unabantu abaninzi ehlabathini.

anika umdla

Siza kufunda indlela ukuphuhlisa phezu iinkulungwane eBrazil. izibakala Historical kunokuba luncedo nje kuphela, kodwa umdla. On ezinye zazo singathetha namhlanje.

Le nhloko abaseBrasilia yenziwa ngo-1960 ngokungqinelana icebo wezakhiwo Oscar Nimeiri. Le yenye yezixeko ezinkulu omncinane ehlabathini. Brazil - lowo yesithathu ikomkhulu Brazil , emva kokuba Salvador and eRio de Janeiro.

Eyona sixeko sikhulu Brazil yi Sao Paulo, ongazange waba ubume komkhulu.

Abase zemfuza kakhulu mihla kumgca iinkunzi siyinzala ye-Portuguese, yomama - abameli nezizwe zamaNdiya yasekuhlaleni.

E Rio de Janeiro, iseti isimboli yelizwe - Statue kaKristu e-Brazil. Indawo yamabali Nali lesikhumbuzo imitha-38-high iqala ngo-1922. It baqala ekwakhiweni kwayo, yaye sihlandlo ekubhiyozeleni kwimbaliyelizwelethu ukuzimela eli lizwe. Ukwakhiwa sagqitywa ngowe-1931. Ngoku lo mfanekiso ithathwa njengenye mihla Seven Wonders of the World.