Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic: intsimi, indwe, ingubo ingalo, imbali

Byelorussian - a Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, omnye we-16 ziiriphabliki nababefudula USSR. Emva kokuwa eSoviet Union, i Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic waba BSSR Belarus. I-capital ngumzi Minsk, obengowabaya wemizi sikhulu kakhulu enabantu abaninzi eSoviet Union. Ngaphezu koko, kwi BSSR kuyimfuneko kukukhetha kwiingingqi ezi-6, 117 kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, izixeko 98 nemizi zasezidolophini 111.

Kangangethuba elide wayekho Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Iflegi ithiwe thaca kwi-iinketho ezahlukeneyo kwimbali yawo. Ezi nketho lucaciswa kule nqaku.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, xa kwakukho Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, ingubo izikhali phantse ingatshintshanga.

History of imfundo

Phakathi kwamazwe afana ePoland, i-Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, i RSFSR, i-Ukrainian SSR, i Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic yamiselwa emva revolution. Lo mmandla sase malunga nama-207 600 km ^2. Ekuqaleni ababekolo RSFSR kunye Byelorussian SSR waba yalilizwe elizimeleyo kwiminyaka nje emibini. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ukungcola Byelorussian SSR ubudlelane bethu bunaye Lithuanian Soviet Republic yaye kwasekwa Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, okanye, njengoko kuthiwa, SSR LitBel, kodwa kuphela konyaka onesiqingatha. Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1919, kwaba engenakuthanani kwilizwe enkulu. Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic yayiba ezimbini. EMoscow-Litovsk Treaty, esatyikitywa ngoJulayi 12, 1920, kwaba ingumqondiso ngokuwa USSR LitBel. Kwaye ngoJulayi 31 Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ahlulwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, i SSR Byelorussian zadalwa ngowe-1919, emva koko yaba yinxalenye iyuniyoni enkulu, emva, ukususela 1920 ukuya 1991, ivela kwi imeko yangaphambili yaye yaba geqe.

iimpawu zoqoqosho

Ngowe-1980, engange 4.3 billion kuphuhliso lwamashisini, ezolimo kunye nezibonelelo sele esityalwe imthetho Byelorussian. Amasebe kakhulu eziveziweyo zazo kwishishini urhulumente kubizwa ngokuba umchiza, petrochemical kunye nokutya mveliso. yokukhula kwezoqoqosho (1940 ukuya 1980) lwaqhutywa kwi ngeendleko mali eyinkunzi enzima kunye yokwaphuka kwezizwe Belarusian. Abantu ababehlala kwelo lizwe emva kwemfazwe, bakha isixeko, uninzi lwazo wathi kuye kwakhiwa ukusuka ekuqaleni, ukulungiselela ukuveliswa kunye nezokukhupha kwezimbiwa. In kangangoko ulwando oluphindwe-29 umthamo imveliso kwiminyaka nje 40. Fuel BSSR kunye Republic of Belarus yabonelela yaye kuqinisekiswa koovimba ezininzi igesi yendalo, i-oyile, amalahle nja-. iidipozithi Rich yezimbiwa sele ziphuhlisiwe kwaye axhotyiswe utyalo ngoncedo Soviet. Ubude iziporo kwi BSSR yaba izithuthi njengoko 5513 km ukuya 1982, kwaye indlela - 36 700 km.

labantu

Byelorussian SSR wayengomnye eyona ndawo inabantu abaninzi eSoviet Union, ngo-1984 loxinano bakhona abantu 47.6 nganye 1 km ^2. zokuhlala efanayo kwiriphabliki kungenxa ngokulinganayo kakhulu iimeko zendalo lonke nommandla wayo. Noko ke, iziko unabantu abaninzi lizwe yayikukuba indawo ekunokuthiwa imizi apha enkulu, kuquka Minsk. Kweli thuba ukususela ngo-1950 ukuya ku-1970, abantu ezidolophini ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu nakumndilili USSR.

Nature Byelorussian

Republic kwi East European Plain, elifumileyo phakathi Dnieper uhehema entshona Dvina kunye Neman e kufikelela aphezulu. uhlobo eyinhloko kumphezulu tyaba. Noko ke, le ndawo luphawulwa alternation leentaba nezihlambo, nto leyo ibeka omninzi kakhulu, ukongeza, kukho inani elikhulu amachibi akhiwe kwi kummandla BSSR. glaciation koqeqesho yenza olu phawu isiqabu. Kwi emantla-ntshona inxalenye karhulumente yinkqubo yonke nasentshonalanga gquma terminal. In emantla-lwasempumalanga, ziya kuba ezindulini.

ukukhululeka

Ngendlela ukusuka ngasentshonalanga ukuya ngasempuma yangaphambili Belorussian zinabela kummango Belarusian, eziquka iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo, ezisezintabeni eqalisiweyo glaciation eMoscow. Parallel esuka kuyo amathafa periglacial. Belarusian Polesie, ibekwe ngasezantsi karhulumente, ebizwa ngokuba ityala ekhethekileyo mmandla. Hills emikhulu nabo besenza ezantsi, kufutshane Belarusian Polesie.

sezulu

BSSR waba kwindawo ziingcathu, ukusuka apho kulandela ukuba imozulu ziingcathu. lobushushu Januwari - malunga -4 ° C, kodwa ngenxa ubude amakhulu ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, eli xabiso zinokwahluka. I-avareji Julayi ubushushu - malunga 17 ° C, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, ixabiso isenokungabi echanekileyo ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iindawo zeli lizwe. Imozulu na njengezwekazi, nto leyo ithetha ukuba imvula kancinane - 550-700 mm.

umfula

I Byelorussian SSR yaba inani elikhulu imilambo, Ezincinane esikhulu mileage. Ubude lilonke kugqalwa ixabiso km 90 600. Bonke basonta Atlantic sokuhlambela, oko kukuthi i-Black kunye eBaltic Seas. Ezinye nemilambo zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha. BSSR waye esisityebi kunene emahlathini, apho kungene 1/3 intsimi, izityalo, imigxobhozo kunye namatyholo akhiwe kwi kummandla ka 1/10.

intsimi Belorussian wayengekho elunxwemeni European East nembasa, yaye ngenxa yoko ke umsebenzi obuphethelene ayikwazanga yomelela, inyikima inamandla lingaphantsi kwe amanqaku-5.

Of yendalo imithombo BSSR

Eyona izimbiwa ibalulekileyo, nto leyo ngoku zibekwe kwi kummandla Belarus kukuninzi, ibe ngokuba igesi, oyile, amalahle kunye neetyuwa ezininzi.

Oyile negesi ngummandla esisityebi kunene kumantla Pripyat kumkhombe. A isici esasenza iidiphozithi yeoli - yinto enkulu, yaye indawo lamanqanaba zabo. Irhasi yendalo engekho ezininzi, yaye ngoko ke kanye kanye.

yamalahle Brown kunye shale

Kwakhona zigcine zamalahle brown esafunyanwa kwi kwintsimi imthetho Byelorussian. Nja- imelwe ziintlobo 39. Ngomnye zixutyiwe eziphambili e Belarus. Njengoko abaninzi 7,000 amalahle, wendawo iyonke nama-2.5 ii-hectare, nje ayinakusetyenziswa. Iyonke nja- - 1.1 billion etoni, nguye loovimba sisityebi.

Ukongeza, i-BSSR waqala ukufumana oyile shale, ezo zilungiswe njengokuba komhlaba bathi, kubunzulu-600 m. Le zigcine shale isetyenziswa ngokubanzi zibe kukudla.

iityuwa

Potassium kunye rock ityuwa ezi imigodi kunye imichiza feedstock. Zomaleko Power -. 1-40 m Baya kwenzeka phantsi kwamatye carbonate-udongwe. Stocks umanyolo mldr unamalunga 7.8 m. Bona zitsalwe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana Starobinsk kunye Petrikovsk. Stone ityuwa emelwe mldr-20 m, balala kubunzulu yeemitha ukuya ku-750. Caphula kuzo amasimi ezifana Davydov kunye Mozyr. Ukongeza, i-BSSR waye esisityebi phosphorite.

rocks Construction

Intsimi of Belarus naye abe ubutyebi lolwakhiwo ejongene oovimba ilitye, itshokhwe, udongwe nesanti yokwakha. Stocks nokwakha ilitye - malunga 457 million cubic metres ^3, zijonge - malunga 4.6 million cubic ^metres-3. Uninzi abazizityebi ekwakheni ilitye kwimimandla ekumzantsi Belarus. IDolomites, kwelinye icala, kuza ebusweni ngasentla. koovimba babo - malunga 437,8 yezigidi ezingama-BSSR waye yamawa abazizityebi chalky, koovimba apho namhlanje akhawunti malunga 3,679 billion iitoni yeentlobo ngeentlobo clays zimelwe kwi kummandla Belarus e oovimba 587 million ^m-3, ke ikakhulu e Minsk, Grodno .. , imimandla Gomel kunye Vitebsk.

Uphuhliso lwezibonelelo kwezimbiwa

Ngomhla kummandla Byelorussian SSR, njengokuba kuthiwe, siye ngenkuthalo geni izixhobo kwezimbiwa. uphuhliso lwabo yaqala eminye iminyaka engama-30 000 eyadlulayo ngexesha ongasekhoyo Paleolithic. Ngelo xesha, abantu ababehlala kulo mmandla, misela leqhwitha ukusuka emhlabeni. Malunga ne-4.5 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ukuba sele yaphuhliswa okuloba kremnedobyvayuschy. Safumana inani elikhulu imigodi ezazisetyenziswa emva kwixesha Cretaceous. ubunzulu yabo engekho ngaphantsi kweemitha ngaphezu kwe-6, kodwa ngenxa ngexesha kwazo, oko kuthathwa ukuba imveliso leqhwitha yasungulwa kakhulu phakathi kwabahlali zezi ndawo. Kwakukho iiseti eziliqela emigodini, eziqhagamshelene shintsha, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya ku-5.

uphuhliso lwemveliso

Ezimayini amandulo kwafunyanwa iinaliti, ezibe zilungiselelwe iingxowa yokuthunga kuyimfuneko ukuthutha wokumbiwa misela. izinto ezenziwayo kufuphi ngomnyango. Ibunzi yasetyenziswa ukuze nokuveliswa nangeempahla ezibukhali zesinyithi. Sele BC ngenkulungwane yesihlanu imigodi waqala zesinyithi, apho abantu babehlala kummandla Belarus, ukudala izinto ubomi kunye nezixhobo. Ukongeza, ngodongwe wenza izitya iimfuno ezahlukeneyo. Sele ngenkulungwane ye-16 yaqala ukubonakala izinto zokubhala, kunye 18 Kwabonakala yokuqala kule ndawo ngawo.

nezokukhupha nja-

utsalo nja- kwi Byelorussian SSR yaba isebe azixhomekekanga kwimveliso. Miqulu ziye zanda ngenxa ukusetyenziswa okwandileyo. Kwakubonakala Iinkampani afanayo ukuba elinganiswa candelo. Kodwa ebudeni Second World War, phantse bonke batshatyalaliswa. Kuphela yi-1949 umthamo umgquba kufunxwa ifikelele amaxabiso yangaphambili.

iityuwa lokumba

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, le potash and rock ityiwa kummandla Belarus sele amanani amakhulu. Kodwa kuphela ngo-1961, kwaqalisa bebe esebenzayo. indlela elisetyenzisiwe komhlaba yesibambiso imigodi. Bazizityebi kubo - Starobin. Le ngoomatshini okuninzi utsalo neziphumo umthamo neetyuwa ngama-60% ngonyaka wama-1965 kunye nama-98% ngo-1980.

ukhuseleko kugcwele

I Byelorussian SSR izimbiwa ngenkuthalo geni, kulula ukuba baqashele ukuba iphenjelelwa ngamandla kokusingqongileyo. sele iindawo ezinkulu useke nzima. Ngoko ke, izinto zolonwabo ziye zabanjwa ezijoliswe nokwandiswa kwezibonelelo izimbiwa kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezibonelelo, ezifana isichumiso umhlaba, kunye nemithi kokutyala.

Iingcali zemfundo kwicandelo mveliso

Belorussian Polytechnic Institute, kwasekwa emva Byelorussian SSR, ulungiselela abasebenzi ukuba basebenze kushishino lwezimbiwa. Yasungulwa e Minsk ngo-1933. Sele ngowe-1969 kwakukho amasebe ezininzi kangangoko 12. Kukho kwakhona amanye amaziko emfundo. ngoku izikolo zobugcisa Ukubonelela ngemfundo kuphuhliso iidiphozithi afanayo, ukusetyenzwa komhlaba ekrwada kunye neeminerali non-ebuntsimbi kunye namanye amashishini.

Arena ngxabano

Ngowe-1920, i-SSR Byelorussian, umntu usenokuthi, yaba liziko bamchasayo lobungxowankulu Europe kunye USSR. party yokugqibela ukugcina amandla e ePoland, izinto eSoviet Union zimelwe igqiza le RSFSR. Esi sigqibo senziwa egameni le imthetho Byelorussian. UMmiselo ayiniki amathuba okwandisa Belarus ngendleko Poland.

Socialist Byelorussian baba awonwabanga indawo imida kunye nabamelwane ayo, oko kukuthi kunye RSFSR kunye Poland. Ayekholelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubeka imida kwimigca ngenkcazo. Ubunye wayengekho kwintsimi iingxaki.

IMfazwe Enkulu Yobuzwe

Ebudeni angels BSSR kunye USSR wabandezeleka ngaphezu kwezinye iindawo eSoviet Union. Kulo Byelorussian SSR, yaza yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi 2, kwaye ilizwe ukuba kuthunyelwe malunga 380 lamawaka. Inani labantu ababephila ngaphambi kwemfazwe, iphumelele kuphela ngowe-1971. Abahlaseli lwamaNazi yayigungxula imizi 209 needolophu, uninzi lwazo kwafuneka ukuba yakhiwe, isikwere yezigidi kuphela 2.8 seemitha lwezindlu baye basinda ukusuka phantse 10.8.

-Mngeni kwisimo sokuzimela umdla facts

Ngowe-1990 lasayina Declaration of State Ulongamo of the Byelorussian SSR, nto leyo kwenzekeni kuye ukwahlukana kungekudala. September 19, 1991 oko kwazeka ngokusesikweni ngokuba Republic of Belarus. Kulo nyaka yayiyilwe kwaye utyikitye isivumelwano malunga ukudalwa ico. Umbutho ibandakanya Russian Federation, Ukraine Belarus. Ulwazi olunomdla kwimbali yale umbuso ukubizwa ukuba bonke 46 iminyaka eli republic, kwakunye Ukrainian yiSoviet Socialist Republic, omnye wamalungu Ezimanyeneyo (United Nations), nangona wahlala karhulumente oxhomekeke - Byelorussian. Kwiminyaka 1920-1930 kuphuhliso constitutionalism eyayisenzeka lizwe.