Makhnovshchina - i anarchism okanye ukuphanga?

Makhnovshchina - intshukumo ngexesha leMfazwe Civil, indlela ekucingwa zazo iinkalo anarchism. Igama livela igama inkokeli anarchists - Nestor Makhno. Xa kwimbali War Civil, oyintsobi yalowo Nestor Makhno wahlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo, le hero wasentsomini, yaye iincwadi esemthethweni kakhulu inani lino-minus lotshaba, lo wamazwe kwezopolitiko, wesihlangu. Ezi ndlela musa ukuma ukuya ugxekwa, ukungabikho nzulu ngokwaneleyo, embi documentary zento. Baye udale umfanekiso engalunganga na umntu omnye nje kuphela kodwa yonke into yobomi zentlalo, ezifana Makhnovshchina ngethuba leMfazwe Civil.

Xa intshukumo wazalelwa Nestor Makhno?

Imvelaphi na kuthathwa njenge-1918. Makhnovshchina ngexesha leMfazwe Civil waba umfanekiso ezithile zentlalo. Imikhosi ephantsi kobunkokheli Makhno waya abalimi ngasezantsi Katerinoslavshchina, ngubani ithathe inxaxheba ekusekweni ngamandla yiSoviet kwi Ukraine kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-1919. Kungelo xesha yemisebenzi yabo ekubhekiselelwe kuyo le ncwadi. Emva koko ke Makhnovists indlela kunye Red Army waqalisa diverge udeske. Ngaphandle koku, le bavukeli badlale indima ebalulekileyo kokoyiswa Denikin, Wrangel uze.

Nestor Makhno - ngumququzeleli abanetalente

Kumzabalazo wokulwa eentshaba Revolution, Nestor Makhno wazibonakalisa ngumququzeleli zinetalente yabanqolobi alimwi yokuqala. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, afika ezithile zimanyene amashumi amawaka abalimi.

Xa intliziyo umahluko phakathi Makhnovists kunye nabasemagunyeni Soviet abeke ukwaliwa nkqubo nabalimi of "ubukomanisi imfazwe", kwakunye iimbono ezahlukeneyo iiBolsheviks kunye anarchists ngendima karhulumente ekwakheni socialism. Emva kokuba kuqaliswe inkqubo yezoqoqosho omtsha uninzi abalimi washiya amajoni Makhno. Makhnovshchina - intshukumo ezaqala ufumane umlinganiswa ubugewu kwezopolitiko. Ngokucacileyo, le nto waza wenza Makhno, ngubani waba izithonga lomgadi oluBomvu Army, ukuba ayeke ukulwa ngakumbi yaye ngoAgasti 1921, ukuba bawele umda kunye eRomania.

Igalelo Nestor Mahno intshukumo anarchistic

Ntlokoma iimbono zakhe ingafumaneka kwi Makhnovshchina. Le intshukumo sele uhlobo 'ngudoqo' of Nestor Makhno. Vukela ibizwe nto enye njenge "uyise."

Le isihloko labavukeli ukuba nekratshi yaye ngokufuthi elibhalise amaxwebhu karhulumente.

Ekupheleni kuka-1918 Nestor Makhno likwazile ukuhlanganisa phantsi umyalelo wakhe uninzi amaqela abavukeli ezisebenza kule ngingqi. Ekupheleni kuka-1918, Nestor Makhno, kunye nomkhosi baqhuba umsebenzi sibambe ukumbamba Ekaterinoslav, kodwa impumelelo lwalulolwexeshana. Le dolophu ndibuweze ilahleko ebonakalayo.

Nestor Makhno kunye norhulumente waseSoviet

NgoFebruwari 1919, kwisivumelwano ukungena imikhosi yakhe watyikitywa ngabasebenzi Nestora Mahno kwi Zadneprovski kwiCandelo ebomvu njengoko 3rd Brigade Zadneprovski. Makhnovshchina - intshukumo esasibahlula nesibindi kwi iimfazwe nxamnye nabaphumi-Entente kunye ezimhlophe entwasahlobo ka-1919. sikhe wayithimba Mariupol. Ke phakathi bavukeli kunye iiBolsheviks kukho iyantlukwano elibukhali kwimiba eceleni. Makhno asikwazanga ukubona umgaqo ngolawulo ngokozwi lakhe labasebenzi kunye "ubukomanisi imfazwe", ingakumbi esaleleyo kunye ngokwasentlaweni kwezolimo. Ezi mpikiswano zibe mandundu ngamandla ngakumbi entwasahlobo ka-1919, kwakhokelela ekubeni izityholo macala kunye yaba sisikhubekiso kobudlelane emva noTrotsky lasungula kumzabalazo ochasene "ngokunomkhethe" ngaphambili Ukrainian.

Indima intshukumo anarchist kwi ekubulaleni A.Denikin yomkhosi

Ngo-Agasti 1919, Nestor Makhno isaziso ukudaleka umkhosi revolution ngabavukeli of Ukraine. imigudu yakhe wagxila kakhulu ekulweni Denikin, ngelo xesha wathabatha phezu uninzi Ukraine, yaye wayephila ekhubekisayo ngempumelelo kwi eMoscow. NgoSeptemba Makhno wangena manyano elifutshane kunye Army Ukrainian Peoples Republic kwi inyathelo elidityanelweyo nxamnye Denikin. Kweli dabi Peregonovka kufuphi neendawo zokwakha Makhnovists aphule iishelfu igosa ikhethiweyo emhlophe, ngoko wenza ayihlasela ngokukhawuleza Ezomva ezimhlophe kumzantsi Ukraine, ngoko ke ekwindla ka-1919 phantse naphezulu ngokupheleleyo kubo. Makhno ngeli xesha wasithimba isixeko Aleksandrovsk, Berdyansk, amaqashiso, Nikopol, Mariupol, Melitopol. Oku kubaluleke kuye kwanyanzeleka best iiyunithi amahashe Jikelele A. Denikin kususwe ukusuka yamaBolshevik phambi azidungadunge kwabaneenkani. Oku, wavumela ebomvu ukunqanda phambi Anton Denikin, babuya bakuthembe emagemeni abo. Kodwa ke eli xesha manyano elizeleyo-epheleleyo kunye ezibomvu Makhno ayiphumelelanga.

Xa Denikin ingozi sele onganyelwe, i-Red Army ukususela ngoJanuwari 1920 kwakhokelela umlo ukuba atshabalalise Makhnovist. Ngehlobo lowe-1920 wenza 3 ayihlasela lokugqibela kwi Ekhohlo-Bank Ukraine, ngokubanzi, waphula neekhilomitha 1400. Ekwindla ka-1920 tips asetyenziswe Makhno emfazweni kunye nomkhosi Jikelele Wrangel. Makhnovist kwamabutho agqogqa kungena Ezomva emhlophe, inxaxheba ekudibaneni wokhuselo Sivash kunye Perekop ngokwaphulwa kunye Yushuni. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kuthinjwe eCrimea ebomvu emfihlekweni olungqongqo lasungula umsebenzi omtsha ukuba atshabalalise bavukeli.

Makhnovshchina, unyaka kwendalo ingabizwa ngo-1918, iye yaba nefuthe esiphawulweyo kuniko kwiziganeko kweMfazwe Civil kwi kummandla Ukraine.