Yintoni eyenza amacandelo eziphathekayo kunye nendima yawo

Namhlanje, kukho izinto zokwakha ngumntu - enye yeenkokheli entsimini yayo. amandla High obubambekayo yemiyinge ezahlukeneyo uneempawu ezibalaseleyo. Kulo wamisa nezakhiwo zithembekile, ubomi inkonzo ende elide.

Eziphathekayo isebenzisana kakuhle izinto nokuqinisa. Le ababili kakhulu kuthathwa kwi ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ufakelo lwesamente. Ukuba unomdla umbuzo wokuba ingaba, ukususela oko kwenza eziphathekayo, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo 4 amacandelo ezingundoqo, eziquka:

• njengentlabathi;
• isamente;
• leke;
• amanzi.

Ezi izithako zongezwa kusenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo ezithile ze badlale indima.

ezona zinto zibalulekileyo

umxube eziphathekayo esekhona ekuthiwa ukulungele-umxube ikhonkrithi licandelo eshukumayo ye ekwakhiweni, ezo ezixutywe zobukhulu kwangaphambili. Ukuba yokuqamba added igrabile, ngoko ekugqibeleni ungafumana i yemveli udaka isamente okanye isanti eziphathekayo. Nangona kunjalo, esantini lokugqibela lisetyenziswa ngesekhondi enkulu.

Soqulunqo umxube eziphathekayo ezisetyenziswa iziqwenga ezine yimiwewe inxalenye yesamente, iinxalenye ezimbini isanti kunye 0.5 iindawo zamanzi. Lidla iinkosi abo basandula kuqalisa anomdla umbuzo wokuba ingaba, yintoni eyenza eziphathekayo. Le eziphathekayo kuthathelwa ingqalelo umzekelo ethile. Ukuze ufumane kufuneka ukuqhagamshela iilitha ezili-180 zamanzi, 1250 kg zegrabile, 330 kg zesamente ne 600 kg yintlabathi. La manani asondele, kwaye eneneni, imilinganiselo ethile iya kuxhomekeka eziliqela, kufuneka yabelwe phakathi kwabo:

• uhlobo oluthile lwesamente;
• uphawu eziphathekayo;
• sebenzisa ngayo plasticizers kunye nezinye nezongezelelo;
• iimpawu zesanti kunye luhlalu.

Umzekelo, ukuba bathathele isisombululo M400 brand isamente thina, ukusetyenziswa umlinganiselo-ikhankanywe apha ngasentla iya kunika M250 eziphathekayo. Kodwa lo msebenzi linokusetyenziswa kukungciba brand M500, ngoko ke grade olungundoqo isiganeko sokugqibela izakujongeka M350. Xa uvelisa ikhonkrithi kwindawo mveliso zithathelwa ezininzi ingqalelo iimpawu parameters.

Indima iinkalo eziphambili injalo

Ukuba umbuzo ofanayo kwavela phambi kwakho ukuba,, ngoko kufuneka uziqhelanise ngakumbi indima izithako eziphambili koko ntoni eziphathekayo. Ngaloo ndlela, amanzi kunye isamente bakhonza macandelo aphambili. Baye umsebenzi omkhulu, wavakalisa njengoko neqela izithako libe phantsi kophahla olunye.

Ukuba bagcine ngokuchanekileyo zesi kula macandelo, kuya kuba lula ukuba agcwalise umsebenzi ongundoqo ukuxuba eziphathekayo. Esi sakhiwo ibizwa umlinganiselo wamanzi-isamente. Kuliwa kungekuphela umthamo ulwelo nesamente, kodwa ke ukufuma zentlabathi kunye zegrabile kunye nokufunxwa kwamanzi.

Xa kudityaniswe wamanzi isamente iqala ukusebenzisana nto kuthiwa ukuxovwa lwesamente. Eli candelo iqala ukucwangcisa umkhaliphise, oyinxalenye ilitye lwesamente. Abaninzi abajongene nalo ilitye xa isingxobo open zesamente, nto leyo igcinwe njengeshedi iminyaka embalwa.

Cement namanzi sele izinto lilungile. Kodwa ke ilitye isamente sele gqitha ngexesha Ukuqinisa. Shrinkage uyakwazi kufikelela kuma-2 mm ngemitha nganye. Oku ubuncinane kancinane, yaye ngenxa shrinkage olungalinganiyo iinkqubo ntshikilelo lwangaphakathi Inokwenzeka, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukuyilwa neentanda emihle. Nangona phantse ingabonakali, kodwa iyahlala namandla paste zesamente ngexesha elifanayo lifinyele. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa uhlobo lwe fillers ongeze yemveli, phakathi kwabo - isanti kunye luhlalu.

Indima ye lokubolekwa

Ngoku, uyazi, yintoni eyenza eziphathekayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi okungakumbi malunga indima lokubolekwa. Vala izenzo inkunkuma, ngelixa ecikizekileyo - esantini. Ezi izithako ziyilelwe ukwenza sikhokelo lwesakhiwo, ethi ngexesha ntshikilelo operation shrinkage.

iziphumo eziphathekayo sesilungile shrinkage ngakuba nomtsalane kangako. Le amandla ephakamileyo, deformation le ngesamente phantsi umthwalo lifinyele. Alawule kunciphisa xa izinto utshintsha ubungakanani ngexesha ukusetyenziswa enzima. Ukunciphisa iindleko yesixa concrete nangoku kuyimfuneko. Ngenxa yokuba le isamente ibiza ngaphezu kwentlabathi kunye igrabile, izithako yokugqibela zibalulekile kwi eziphathekayo.

izabelo ubunzima Translation in umthamo

Ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, uye wafunda olinganise izithako eziphambili eziphathekayo. Akukho ngozi iya zitshintshwe zibe amaqhezu kunye ubunzima volume, ukwenza ubalo. Olu lwazi luza kuba luncedo kuwe xa ucinga indlela yokwenza ikhonkrithi, lo mlinganiselo kumele ukuba zihlolwe. Ukuba isamente ayathathwa mali ka-0.25 m ^3, amanzi kufuneka zithathwe zibe ngumqulu we 0.18 m ^3. Eyona nto yokuqala limka zalishumi 330 kg. I-avareji Ukuxinana isambuku zesamente 1300 kg nge-cubic meter.

Njengoko amanzi, ithinjiwe iKiriyatayim zibe ngumqulu seelitha ezili-180. Weight 0.9 ^m3 zegrabile kunye ingxinano isambuku ka-1350 kg nge-cubic meter ngu 1250 kg. Kodwa intlabathi 0,43 m ³ - 600 kg le nto, lexinene isambuku lokufaka ilingana 1400 kg nge-cubic meter.

Ukuba phambi kokuba umbuzo oko ibathwana ukwenza eziphathekayo, kufuneka uziqhelanise wena kunye data uchazwe apha ngasentla. Kodwa kuqikelelwa ukuba ekugqibeleni uya kuba nako ukufumana imali-1,76 m ^3. Usenokuba nomdla umbuzo indlela yonke ihlangana 1 cubic meter eziphathekayo. Ukuze uphendule kufuneka uthathe engqayini nelitha kwaye sifunxe uhlalutye entanyeni. Phakathi amatye kuba eninzi isithuba, ekuthiwa uchama intergranular.

Le voidage kufuneka agcwalise iikomityi ezimbini zesanti, isamente kunye negilasi kunye umlinganiselo ofanayo wamanzi. Konke oku ogalelwe ophalalayo, ngenxa zazo ezinjalo ufumana into ashinyeneyo. Zonke pores zezinto zokufunda zizaliswe, amacandelo pritrutsya omnye komnye. Ukuba eziphathekayo angamchukumisi oko, uya kuqalisa ziyahlala. Nge ukukhwezela kunye neentshukumo umbandela kwakhona uba iplastiki, baligcine thixotropy.

Kubalulekile ukukhankanya amagama ambalwa malunga aggregate yomgrayo - ilitye eluthulini. brand lakhe kufuneka ibe izihlandlo-2 ngaphezulu, ngokumalunga namandla. Oku kuyinyaniso xa kuthelekiswa ne kwibakala eliqikelelwayo eziphathekayo. Le mfuneko kungenxa yokuba kwibakala uyilo ikhonkrithi usezantsi xa kuthelekiswa amandla yokwenene kuloo ezibonakalayo ngeenyanga ezintandathu. Kodwa ke amandla yimiwewe kuhlala enye. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ukuba ilungelelanise.

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi banda eziphathekayo of M400 lwesamente

Ukuba nangoku ucinga malunga nomba indlela yokwenza ikhonkrithi, inani eziphathekayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo ngakumbi. Ukusebenzisa M400 isamente, ungafumana le obubambekayo yemiyinge ezahlukeneyo, xa udibanisa izinto ezisisiseko: yesamente, isanti kunye uhlalutye oko kusenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo ezithile.

Kuba components concrete brand M100 ngokulandelelana zikhankanywe apha ngasentla kufuneka zongezwe ratio ilandelayo: 1: 4.6: 7.0. Kodwa xa ufuna ukuba ufumane lophawu eziphathekayo M200, ngoko isamente, isanti kunye uhlalutye ziyongezwa kwi yobuninzi: 1: 2.8: 4.8. Eli banga liphezulu lezinto eziphathekayo - M450 for izithako yayo ukulungiselela ezidityaniswe lile ilandelayo: 1: 1.1: 2.5.

Ukulungiswa ikhonkrithi ukuba isiseko

Ukuba sele uqalisile ukwakha indlu, ufanele wazi ukuba ukwenza njani eziphathekayo ukuze isiseko. Kufuneka sithathe-10 kg zesamente, 40 kg ngamatye nakhandiweyo okanye igrabile, no-30 kg yintlabathi. Kuba brand eziphathekayo M300 amanzi kufuneka kongezwe ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha ubunzima namanye amacandelo. Ukuba isisombululo iya kuba iqine kakhulu, oko ingangxengeka kancinci. Kubhetele ukuba babambelele ukungqinelana, nto leyo eya ukuxuba izinto ulwelo kunye nemizamo nefolokhwe. Oko kukuthi, isisombululo kufuneka isebenze ngomhlakulo kukhawuleziswa kwenziwe lula.

Ngokubuza umbuzo koko zobukhulu ukwenza eziphathekayo ngenxa isiseko, kufuneka uphendule ngokwakho phezu ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba kwentlabathi edliwayo ekrwada. Ukuba iqulethe ukufuma, amacandelo phambi okuxuba aggregate entle kufuneka ome okanye athathe iilitha ezimbalwa amanzi. Isanti kufuneka zihlolwe ukuba ucoceko. Isicoci kuya ngcono kubanjwa nesisombululo.

izincomo ezongezelelweyo

Iinkozo kunye igrabile amaqhezu ukusetyenziswa okungcono kurhulumente-2 cm. Le isamente kufuneka ukuba nazo elide phambi kokuba ukwakha, njengoko iya ukufunxa ukufuma ngexesha ukugcinwa kunye ngokuyimfuneko zimbi. Yenza bubulumko malunga kwiveki phambi kokuqalisa wokuxuba umxube eziphathekayo.

Ukuba wenze ezinokwakheka ngezandla zabo, qiniseka ukuba ukugcina olinganise. Ngelo xesha agalele isiseko ukwenza ngcono kwezi nyanga zishushu. Ngokwehlisa iqondo lobushushu ayimfuneko amanzi ubushushu kunye isisombululo kangangokuba zange ngaphambili bambamba. Kungenjalo, akayi kuba izinto namandla, kananjalo, akuyi kumiselwa ngokuqinileyo idityaniswe ivelufa okanye hayi zilinganisiwe.

Ukusetyenziswa nokulungiselela ngabenzi eziphathekayo

Ukuba ugqiba ekubeni usebenzise lokuxhuba kwi yokulungiselela nodaka, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izithako musa ziqulathe ukungcola. Le chippings uya kuba inyengane okanye igrabile, kuphela ibhetshi ziya ziba ngcono.

Ke izithako ezomileyo zixubene kunye kwisingxobo esahlukileyo. Ukuze wenze oku, isamente nesanti ndawonye. Oku ngesiqhelo isetyenziswa yi kumkhombe okanye ebhafini. Ukuba, kananjalo, baba phakathi kwabo uzibuze ukuba ukwenza njani eziphathekayo kwindawo Umxhubi eziphathekayo, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuba kumthulula ubunzima ngenxa kufuneka kwisingxobo, apho ibhetshi iza kwenziwa. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba lo idityaniswa igrabile kunye namanzi.

Indlela yomsebenzi

Axove udinga nje emva kokuba icandelo lokugqibela ukuba kongezwe - le moto. Kuba Ukuxutywa elungileyo Kuyancomeka ukuthatha amanzi esulungekileyo, kufuneka ingabi ityuwa. Emva kokugqitywa Umxhubi njengekonkile icocwe, kufuneka kubekho umxube. Ukuze benze oku, ngaphakathi izele ngamanzi kwaye dibanisa kancinci luhlalu. Ukuxuba eziphathekayo kwindawo Umxhubi eziphathekayo kuyimfuneko nje awukwazi ukufumana enobunzima eyohlobo olulodwa.

isiphelo

Ngoku uyazi indlela yokwenza kwi Umxhubi eziphathekayo, yaye yintoni olinganise ukongeza izinto ezisisiseko. Sebenzisa ingaba ngabenzi eziphathekayo eziintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo omxhuzulane. Kulo mzekelo, ngokuba okuxuba igubu blade nguwo. zingatshintshwa I-engile ukutyekela igubu.

Uhlobo lwesibini ngabenzi eziphathekayo - isixhobo enyanzelekileyo. Enoba izixhobo yakho ingasetyenziswa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuxuba udweliso lweenkqubo olinganise ezichanekileyo.