Phenyane "Estonia" betshona. Imfihlakalo kokufa phenyane "Estonia"

iintlekele Maritime baba baninzi. Kuyabonakala ukuba, abantu basaqhubeka befumana ukuwa ezinye iinqanawa, iinqwelo-moya, oololiwe kunye nezinye izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, abe ngokukhawuleza nezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi. Kodwa lonke ixesha kukho isiganeko eyoyikekayo, ephelekwa amaxhoba amaninzi oluntu, oko ukufana kunye kwimeko yintlekele kakade. Ukuwa phenyane Estonia wenza Ukunxulumana kokufa "Titanic." Eneneni, le ntlekele ababini into eqhelekileyo. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, imikhumbi emikhulu kunye eqaqambileyo, iye zitshone abantu abaninzi, yaye silindele ukuba kungabikho muntu. yonke le nto, kodwa kuphela xa efika kuqala. Iimeko uphando ezichongiweyo ziingcali ezizimeleyo, baba engahambi kunye qhalo ukuba le ngozi ukuba sele iphetshwe. Noko ke, iinguqulelo kwakukho iziganeko eziliqela.

Yintoni eli phenyane

Phenyane "Estonia" waba sisitya zodidi inikeza abakhweli yayo kuphela inyathelo ngevangeli, ukusuka kwelinye izibuko ukuya kwenye, yaye uhambo iziyolo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ibhodi zonke esizisweleyo kunye ezininzi frills, ezenzelwe ukudala awayengenakuyilibala. zokudla eziliqela zokutyela, iklabhu kunye disco, echibini lokuqubha, igumbi zokonwabisa abantwana, indawo yokugquma,-bhanyabhanya mihla inika yokuzonwabisa ezinqwenelekayo lonke uhambo. Photo of the phenyane "Estonia" yashicilelwa postcard ethengiswa ezivenkileni apha, kunye nezinye izinto eziluncedo ezifunekayo endleleni kwaye ukuthenga lona njengesikhumbuzo. Kodwa eyona nto simele sikhumbula ukuqeshwa lwezikhephe. Angazange kakhulu kutshanje abemi eyayisakuba yiSoviet ithuba lokuya kwamanye amazwe kunye imoto yakhe wayeziva ngathi yayinqabile esuthwini ebomini yaseYurophu. iindawo 460 iimoto ngokwaneleyo ukuba wonke umntu, owaba imali ukuhlawula nayiphi na kuzo. Ferry "Estonia" khangela obutofotofo yaye lalilikhulu (a ubude neemitha ezili-155, ububanzi -. 24 m, 15.5 tonnes ukufuduka). Yakhiwa eJamani ngowe-1980, "Meyer" imikhumbi ukuba inkampani yokuthumela Norwegian, kodwa nangoko lithengiswe "Viking Line". Emva koko eli phenyane yathiywa igama "Silviya Star," kodwa oonobumba ebhodini, ukukhomba inkampani-nqanawa kwafuneka ukupeyinta rhoqo uze ubhale ezintsha. Ngo-1991 inqanawa yathengwa i "Vasa Line", yaye labizwa ngokuba "Wasa uKumkani." Ngoko kwenzeka yokudityaniswa, yaye ifumene, eli xesha igama elitsha lokugqibela - phenyane "Estonia". ukufa kwakhe kumanzi abandayo kuLwandle lweBaltic ngo-1994 kothusa ihlabathi.

izinto ezomileyo

Phenyane kusala Tallinn ngexesha, kwi kwikota edlulileyo ezisixhenxe ngokuhlwa ngomhla wama-27 kuSeptemba. Imozulu elungileyo, kodwa waxela ukonakala yayo. Abakhweli ukuba mnandi, kodwa ilixa ezinzulwini zobusuku, uninzi lwabo sele uye kulala. Xa "Estonia" wokuweza, wegqitha Turku umgca behla, abantu kodwa aye ixesha lokulala, waziva ukumangala kakhulu nomelele, weva Urhashaza. Inqanawa yaqala ukudwelisa omnye-amathathu ukuba ube ebusuku ithambeka bafikelela izidanga-30, yaye waqhubeka ekhula. Baqala aphakuzele, kodwa iinzame ukubahlangula inkoliso abakhweli baba lilize, ukuze ube nokuphuma kweso iipaseji Yayingekho. Amanzi uyeza, kwaye kuphela abemi kumgangatho ophezulu wafumana ithuba apha ebomini. Le umkhosi nolwaasasazwa, kodwa kakhulu umphunga ngexesha elifanayo sele yanyamalala radar ikhusi, - kwaba ezilishumi ukuya ubusuku ezimbini. Wokuweza "Estonia" zitshone kubunzulu omalunga nama-80 eemitha kwi ilungelelanise 59 ° 22 'N-21 ° 40' wobude ngasempumalanga. Kusasa iindaba ezibuhlungu saa kuwo wonke umhlaba.

usindiso

Okokuqala waya kwindawo yentlekele phenyane "Mariella", ogama izisebenzi ndaza ndakuhlangula abantu ekubandezelweni kwam. Amathuba kuphela isibini yabantu amakhulu, abakwazi ukuba sehle kwaye emke kuyo. Iyonke ababekhwele amalungu enqanaweni 989 kunye abakhweli. Kwavuka uqhwithela, yimimoya enamandla, inkungu kwaba imeko enzima. Zokuhlenga kanye eYafo ngokuyidadisa baba ngamampunge, kuba kufunyaniswe belambatha, abaninzi abantu ngamanzi enxibe omnye umntu. Ba supercool baza bafa. Ezinzulwini zobusuku amathathu kwimeko wangena ntaka, kodwa ungasebenzi, neengcingo kwi umoya akakwazanga ukumelana umthwalo. Kwanabo baye bakwazi ukukhulisa, wafa ngenxa yengqele. Kwemizamo yobuqhawe oomatiloshe yakhokelela ukuhlangula abantu 137 bonke abantu e Tallinn wathabatha ababekhwele phenyane "Estonia". Ibulala izisebenzi 95 noomatiloshe, lo gama 757 ingqalelo angekhoyo, kodwa ezisixhenxe kusasa, kuye kwacaca ukuba kufuneka ingqalelo uluhlu ezilusizi.

Inguqulo esemthethweni

Chaza ukufa ngokukhawuleza isitya mihla kummandla ngokwanelisayo ekhuselekileyo yolwandle kanye akukho mntu ubenobuganga. Ngokukhawuleza kwacaca, nangona kunjalo, ukuba phenyane "Estonia" yazika ngenxa amaza lezimangalo uwaphule visors (ezi iziqalelo kwiziphambuka, xa uvula umatshini ezinako ukungena kulayishwa kumgangatho). onecala ungxamile isaziso yokwakhela German «Meyer», apho abameli yokwakhela ngewayeyiphikisile into yokuba ithuba lokuba ukusebenza ngexesha le ntlekele ligqithe eli-14. Ukongeza, isixhobo ayinto konke angenzelwanga ngenxa yolwandle okanye ulwandle amaza kwaye kwafuneka ukuba benze iinqwelo cabotage unxweme kuphela, umzekelo ukuwela matheku. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ityala le ntlekele iye ngokuba. Kodwa ayichazi zonke iimeko. Kukho inguqulo olongezelelweyo.

iziyobisi

Ephambuka kuphazamisekile, amagqabi Yaphaphazela bakunduluka, kamva ezifunyanwa endaweni ethile ebalulekileyo (malunga neekhilomitha) ukusuka kwindawo ingenzeka emazantsi tyala. Kodwa ke ukufunda yaphakamisa iziqalelo zoyilo wabonisa ukuba Ufakelelo enamandla kwaye kuthiwa ukumelana kwindawo esekhusini imithwalo enzima. Ke kwabakho kwinguqulo iziporo ukungaphumeleli kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvulwa kwemithambo ngesantya ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko nangoko ngesandla ukukhanya othile ukuba ziqulunqwe Kwingcingane Ukuphoswa iqela emanzini iziyobisi. Kubonakala ukuba umntu unako ukuthintela ukuthutyeleziswa alinde ukuba ulinde, baza ngokukhawuleza Wazisusa umthwalo yingozi. Version, ukuba wakubeka ngokuzolileyo, kwakukude iyintsomi. Nokuba phenyane "Estonia" yaye ephethe iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, akaba nako ukuyenza umthamo omkhulu, aphoswe elwandle babengakwazi ingozi ukuzibulala.

Ukwanda?

Kuthekani ukuba beziya zivaliwe, sisakwazi sicinge ukuba kwawo phantsi ntshikilelo ezongezelelweyo, ezifana uqhushululu. Ukuze uvavanyo le hypothesis wamvusa ukusuka ezantsi owawuwe yaphunyezwa ngo-2000 iindawo, ngokwemigaqo ukufunda. Ngokucacileyo le misebenzi abazange ukunika impendulo, kodwa akazange kundikhanyela umbono. Ngubani yaye kutheni yokuhlaselwa? Ngesi sihlandlo, kwaoko kwakukho yeengcinga ezimbini macala kuphela.

version hlola Double

Emva kokuba ngokuwa yiSoviet Union ulawulo isixa kwezixhobo egcinwe nommandla wayo, kuquka entsha, yaye ngokuyinxenye yalahleka. Ubuncinane, ndiyaphinda, ndithi ezinye abahlaziyi zale mihla. Asanda amazwe azimeleyo, owayesakuba republic eSoviet baba nabanini ezweni yayintle, ezibe yinxalenye zoyilo yakutshanje, kuquke ezo zijongene ezikhethekileyo kunye nuclear. Kwaba lelo xesha ke, yaye Wawucolwa ukuba iingqikelelo malunga ngubani abanomdla ekutshatyalalisweni impahla ngasese. I ukhetho lokuqala - phenyane "Estonia" betshona CIA, esoyika ukungakhuseleki izinto zakhe zaseMelika, kwaye nepaki umkhondo emazantsi. Hypothesis yesibini babotshwe izandla neenyawo, kodwa intsingiselo efanayo. agents intelligence Russian, iindlalifa "iqhosha-gee-bi", yabavalela ukususwa ukuzama ngezikrweqe Soviet mfihlakalo.

Yintoni imfihlelo eyimfihlakalo

Kukho iqela iimeko ebe eyaziwa kuluntu kwaye andifumananga ingcaciso. A computer hard drive nto leyo parameter fixed kwi isikepe eneneni inqwelo-moya "ibhokisi elimnyama" imo, iefa kunye nabasebenzi nokuhlangula imbi, nangona ekhangele ngenyameko. Ezimbini isithuthi heavy-umsebenzi ebhodini, ngokutsho amangqina, abazange ekuhlolweni amasiko. Nemfihlo ukufa "Estonia" wokuweza into nkqu mfiliba ngakumbi, ucinga ukuba fir umthetheli, ayinalo nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye-angekhoyo, wabonakala kwelinye ezi zithuthi zonyango, bethwele ndayihlangula, wada wenza ifilim kuyo. Emva koko akazange aphinde abonwe. Ngokufanayo, bathi shwaka kunye nezinye abakhweli eziliqela emva nokubasusa emanzini abandayo. Noko ke, konke oku kuchazwe kwi ukubhideka olawulayo kusoloko emva kwentlekele enkulu.

Kodwa kwakutheni ukuze igobhogobho inqanawa yagqiba ekubeni kodonga le eziphathekayo, kunzima ukuyiqonda. Ubunzulu apho lagxila, ayinkulwanga ukwenzela ukuthintela ukususwa isitya ukuba akunjalo, ngoko ke ubuncinane imizimba zamaxhoba ungqubano. Sekunjalo, kwagqitywa ukufihla ngonaphakade phantsi umaleko ngekhonkrithi ukusuka emehlweni phenyane "Estonia". Kwelabantu baye bahlala engcwabeni labo ngentsimbi ngonaphakade. Njani na abakholelwa kwinguqulelo 'yenyukliya'?

Cishe kunazo umkhondo

In nje isiqingatha usuku phambi kokuba moya wokuweza esibulalayo "Estonia" unenzondelelo ukuhlolwa zobugcisa. Akanalucalucalulo iingcali uluvo imeko yakhe ludize inani kwiimpazamo, leyo yazisiwe inkampani yokuthumela. Ngaphandle koku, le nqanawa ngesikhephe waya elwandle. Phakathi iingxaki wakhomba iinjineli kunye nokuhlukunyezwa zokwakha lokutshixa izixhobo ezithambekileyo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ezo noosomashishini Estonian abangenazo izibonelelo ezaneleyo zemali ukwenzela ukulungiswa kwezixhobo, bagqiba ekubeni elinye ukulungiswa, kodwa ngoku kuzuza imali engakumbi. Oku kusikhumbuza kakhulu ithemba mhlawumbi kubalelwa sizathu omnye Russian kuphela. Oku kunokubangela uglyadet ngokufihla izibakala ezininzi eziziphumo lubandakanywe kunye nenguqulelo ndenzile. Iimfuno karhulumente kunye eliphakamileyo, ukuze abe angabanga ibaluleke inyaniso. Ulwandle akuthethi ukuxolela yokungakhathali.